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In this paper, thermomechanical (TM) behavior of laterally loaded energy piles is investigated through analytical and numerical studies. Accordingly, the ultimate lateral load capacity, and the internal moment and horizontal displacement of the pile under service lateral loads, were assessed. Initially, a thermo-elastic-based analytical solution was proposed, and afterwards, a 3D numerical finite element (FE) model was constructed to investigate the effect of different soil parameters, temperature variation and mechanical load conditions on the behavior of energy piles in different soils. Then, the analytical and numerical results were validated against experimental data, and vast analytical/numerical studies were carried out on the TM parameters affecting the behavior of laterally loaded energy piles. Finally, considering the analytical and numerical results, adjusting relationships were introduced to estimate the lateral bearing capacity and the maximum lateral displacement parameters, more precisely. The results showed that in clayey and sandy soils, the ultimate lateral bearing capacity increases by increasing the temperature or by decreasing the external moment. Moreover, heating was found to have an increasing effect on the internal moments and the maximum lateral displacements of the piles embedded in clayey soils, but it had a decreasing effect on the piles embedded in sandy soils. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major objective of this study is to correlate rocking foundation performance parameters with their capacity parameters and earthquake demand parameters using results obtained from 142 centrifuge and shaking table experiments, which include a variety of soil conditions, foundation geometries, structural models, and types of ground motions. The analysis presented in this paper considers all experimental results together, collectively as big data, through nondimensional parameters to identify hidden relationships among different parameters in a capacity-demand-performance framework. Rocking system performance parameters such as seismic energy dissipation in soil, permanent settlement, peak and permanent rotation, tipping-over stability ratio, self-centering ratio, rocking moment capacity, and acceleration amplification ratio are correlated with rocking system capacity parameters such as critical contact area ratio, rocking coefficient, and slenderness ratio of rocking systems and the earthquake demand parameters such as Arias intensity and peak ground acceleration of earthquake. It is found that energy dissipation and settlement correlate reasonably well with rocking coefficient and Arias intensity of earthquake, while peak rotation and acceleration amplification ratio correlate reasonably well with slenderness ratio, rocking coefficient, and peak ground acceleration of earthquake. Rocking foundations in clayey soils show superior performance in terms of seismic energy dissipation and permanent settlement compared to those in sandy soils, especially for relatively small to medium intensity shakings, and the ability of rocking foundations to de-amplify the earthquake motion increases as the magnitude of shaking increases. • The research presented in this paper analyzes the results obtained from 142 dynamic base shaking experiments on rocking foundations conducted in centrifuges and shake tables. • The analysis presented in this paper considers all experimental results together, collectively as big data, through nondimensional parameters to identify hidden relationships among rocking foundation parameters. • Rocking foundation performance parameters are correlated with rocking system capacity parameters and earthquake demand parameters using experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]