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This study is about the characterization of pulp and paper from sago fiber waste. The process has several stages: preparing a solution, sago fiber analysis, pulping process, and printing process. The required solutions are NaOH solution (technical), 10% BaCl2 solution, 0.1 N HCl solution, 60% ethanol solution, phenolphthalein indicator solution, 1% starch indicator solution, sindur methyl indicator solution of NaOH titration, borax solution, Na₂S solution (technical), and THIO solution (1 N; 0.1 N). The pulping process is carried out by inserting sago fiber and solutions into a rotary digester machine for 4 hours (170oC). Then, it is removed after 24 hours and dried by a spinner machine. Characterizations on the sample include: chemical and physical properties, mechanical properties, and optical properties. The result shows that sago fiber waste can be used as raw material for paper. The value of grammage of 62 g/m2, thickness of 0.1294 mm, water absorption capacity of 627.27 g/m2, water content of 9.83%, ash content of 26.26%, pH of 7.9, tensile strength of 14.22 MD and 13.33 CD, brightness of 19.8%, and opacity 22.78. The pore diameter of the paper is 4.608 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work relates to the development of recycled paper from waste paper with the objective of optimization of the composition. The paper properties are much affected with composition like amount of waste paper, fresh paper, cotton shreds, adhesives and water. Samples were made by taking different composites and tests were performed to evaluate properties i.e. thickness, coefficient of friction, moisture content, scott bond strength, tensile strength. The testing concluded that the samples which were having cotton shreds and adhesives showed very good results closer to the fresh paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main problem that the society is facing now-a-days is the tedious process which are involved in disposal and handling the huge quantities of food and paper waste generated in India. The waste is discarded or fired, in roads which cause air pollution, a harmful gas, land pollution, smoke, particulates and residue may enter in to a water resource. Since these pollute the environment, these wastes are utilized efficiently and converted in to a useful product which must be eco-friendly. This current research is to produce lactic acid (LA) using various type of wastes such as food and paper sludge. Since LA can be synthesized only by two methods; one is chemical synthesis where natural sources such as petroleum, coal and natural gas are mainly used as a substrate. Another one is microbial synthesis in which carbohydrates such as sugar or starch is converted in to an alcohol or an acid. Most probably, both bacterial and fungal species are used and about 70-80% uses fermentation for the manufacture of Lactic acid. The mixed culture medium of lactobacillus delbrueckii and streptococcus. Sp strain shows highly efficient utilization of substrate. Since Solid state fermentation (SSF) has a possible technology for the synthesis of products related to microbial. This process has minimum energy needs, generates less waste and is eco-friendly. Various parameters such as substrate concentration, temperature likewise other parameters which influence the yield will be varied. The product obtained will be estimated further using HPLC. Overall, the result indicates that bio-waste might be an appropriate substrate for the synthesis of lactic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood is biomass made from lignocellulose, the main raw material for pulp production, both species of hardwood and softwood. Utilization of as much wood as possible, including less-known wood species, is widely open because the availability of good quality wood for industry raw materials is increasingly limited. In general, all wood species can be used for paper pulp. But the selection of types of lignocellulosic material with specific properties, such as physical, anatomical and chemical, play an important role in efficiently using wood as raw materials for pulp and paper. This research was carried out to examine wood properties (specific gravity, fiber quality and cellulose content) of four less-known hardwoods from natural tropical rainforest in South Sulawesi province of Indonesia and assessed their potential use for paper pulp. Those hardwood species comprised of cempedak (Artocarpus integer Merr.), jabon merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus Hav.), saling-saling (Artocarpus teysmanii Miq.) and simpur (Dillenia serrata Thunb.). The specific gravity determined by the weight of oven dried wood and volume of air dried wood where the wood volume be measured by water immersion method, the fiber dimensions measured through maceration preparations which was made using the Franklin procedure, while TAPPI method used for chemical analysis. In condition to paper pulp raw material, the specific gravity (0.40 – 0.69) is categorized as moderate, the fiber quality is classified as good (class II), and cellulose content (40.12% - 52.47%) is categorized as moderate to high for all those less-known hardwoods. All four less-known hardwoods studied potentially use for paper pulp raw materials. But simpur has the most potential due to long fiber and higher specific gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variation of fly ash and pulp paper composition at 110°C for 6 hours was carried out to discern the effect of fly ash and pulp paper addition in papercrete. sixth variations in paper pulp and fly ash composition were employed to perceive the characteristic that occurs in the sample. The papercrete material composition was weighed, mixed until it became homogeneous and then casted in a mold with a size of 18 x 5 x 2 cm3. Papercrete samples were allowed to stand within the mold at room temperature for 24 hours and released from the mold to stand again for the next 24 hours, after which it heated at 110°C for 6 hours. Characterization using XRF, SEM-EDX as well as Mechanical and physical tests carried out after the samples was cold. Papercrete with sample code K6 has the highest flexural strength and density value of 2.03 MPa and 2.4 gr/cm3 while papercrete with sample code K1 has the lowest flexural strength and porosity value of 0.4 MPa and 17.89%. Characterization shows that the chemical composition of the samples was dominated by the oxide compound CaO and SiO2 in papercrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the structure of silk fibers and ways of efficient use of fiber waste. Based on the analysis of the composition and structure of the fibers, it is possible to use them for paper production. The use of short staple fibers in the production of stock paper and the processes of preparing them for incorporation into paper pulp are widely covered. Information is provided on the technological process of cleaning fibers before adding them to paper pulp. The influence of the mass fraction of fibers in paper on its strength, breaking and tearing has been thoroughly analyzed and illustrated by means of graphs. For the production of high-quality paper, for example, valuable paper, for the preparation of paper used in printing, drawing, painting, etc. Fiber semi-finished products must be cut to the required length and separated into individual fibrils before crushing (grinding). The technology of preparation of natural silk waste as raw material for paper production is presented. In addition to silk fiber cotton fiber was also studied in the research work. Theoretically, the effect of fibers in tearing and breaking of paper is shown in the pictures. The use of fibers in the production of anti-counterfeiting paper and the process of adding them to the pulp are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformations are happening rigorously across all industries during this IR 4.0 era in almost every developing and developed country. In particular, healthcare sectors are digitally transforming to improve their services. This article is part of Oman's healthcare sector's digital transformation initiatives. The objective of this article is to study the digital transformation in the healthcare sectors of various countries. The outcomes will be used as inputs for digital transformations of Oman's health sectors. Research papers on digital transformation in healthcare sectors from Indonesia, UAE, Saudi Arabia, USA, and Brazil were reviewed. The main observations of this review are the main challenges of digital transformations in healthcare, the recommendations to overcome these challenges, and the value creation processes. Apart from this, other important insights are drawn from this study such as examples of digital transformation frameworks in healthcare sectors, digital transformation metrics, details of widely used healthcare applications, technology adoption methods or plans, and skills development plans for healthcare professionals. This study's outcomes will be taken into account and the relevant insights will be integrated into Oman's digital transformation framework for healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We extend the inventory lot-size model in this paper to allow for products to deteriorate at variable rates, and demand is characterized by any log concave function of time that fulfils relatively mild criteria. Partial backlogging is possible with this model. The backlogging rate is a time-dependent, exponentially declining function provided by a parameter. We show that not only does the optimal replacement schedule exist, but that it is also unique. We also show that the inventory system's overall cost is a convex function of the number of replenishments. As a result, identifying a local minimum simplifies the search for the best number of replenishments. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of a natural compound extracted from Piper Betel leaf by determining bactericidal and or bacteriostatic effect to check antimicrobial efficacy on the pathogenic microorganisms. Bioactive compound extracted in different solvents i.e distilled water, ethanol, and methanol, and its effectivity was determined by measuring the zone of clearance (1 group and 96 samples per group by keeping threshold 0.05 and G power 80%, coincidence interval 95%, and enrollment ratio as 1) by agar diffusion method using kanamycin (30) as a control for the different time period (24 Hrs, 48Hrs and 72Hrs) at 37°C. Promising results were found for the zone of clearance in Escherichia.coli with a significance of about P<0.001 in the ethanol extract after 72 hours of incubation. Compared to 10% extract application where growth of S.aureus was reduced to 4%, addition of 100% crude inhibits bacterial growth up to 95% approximately. For S.aureus and E.coli though ethanol extract was found effective however no significant effect was observed for inhibiting Pseudomonas. Novel bioactive compound extracted from Piper Betel leaf was found effective against pathogens and can be used as a natural component with antimicrobial efficacy in the field of medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the world of today, receiving complaints or feedback has become fundamental for an organization aiming to improve the quality of its products or services. Similarly, public complaints must be addressed to improve government service. There is no direct or effective channel for citizens in India to address issues with the government. Later, the government launched applications for registering complaints to make the public's job easier. However, there are some issues related to those applications' equity, i.e., the difficulty faced by the rural community and uncivilized people in using those applications. This paper proposes a smart microphonic grievance system that will allow people to register complaints orally, automatically classify them, and forward them to the appropriate sector. The test results demonstrate that this system can reduce the time and process for filing complaints and that it can be used by a diverse group of individuals in society. Overall, this system is a valuable solution for improving complaint management and addressing the unique needs of rural residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Super teak is a fast grown species of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f) derived from several clones. This has facilitated plantation rotations as short as 5 years. The main target of conventional plantation teak was initially for high value logs. Young teak wood from plantation forest usually has a small diameter. Moreover, the wood from very young stems is unsuitable for direct utilization, but advance wood processing technology can improve the wood properties of small diameter logs. This study aimed to assess the potential utilization of young super teak for high quality products namely furniture, flooring, and veneer, and assess the possibility of the use of manufacture waste for pulp paper and wood pellets as side products. The evaluation were carried out according to the National Indonesian Standard and other international standard requirements. 18 logs from wet (Bogor) and dry (Magetan) sites representing large, medium, and small diameter classes were collected. According to SNI 01-0608-1989 Timber for Furniture, 5-year-old super teak was suitable for furniture production. Furthermore, according to SNI 7732.1: 2011: Teak Veneer, the super teak was classified as Grade C because of the presence of sapwood, pinholes, tight and lose knots. According to Australian Timber Flooring Association, 5-year-old super teak was classifiesd as soft flooring group, the same group as mature teak & radiata pine. The young super teak was classified as Class Quality/Group II with very low active alkali consumption and low Kappa Number according to Indonesian wood fibre criteria for pulp and paper materials and Association of Pulp and Paper in Brazil. Finally, based on SNI 802: 2014 Wood Pellet, the super teak was recommended as by-products for utilising the wood waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the preparation and characterization of paper towels from watermelon rind waste. The paper towel manufacturing process had several stages: the drying process, pulping process, bleaching process, and printing process. There were five treatments, including paper towels use of NaOH 2.5 M with pulp recycling, paper towels use of 1 NaOH with pulp recycling, paper towels use of 1 NaOH, paper towels use of 1 NaOH with additives, and paper towels use of 1 NaOH with different drying time (110 oC for 60 minutes with ten days of the natural drying). Several characterizations have been employed, such as physical and mechanical properties and optical and chemical properties. The treatments of paper towels were tested, and the test results were compared with SNI 7891: 2017. From the FTIR test, it was observed that the functional groups formed from paper towels from watermelon rind waste. From the Microscope test, paper towels from watermelon skin should be added with materials with long fibers. Based on Physical and Mechanical Characterization, paper towels comply with the SNI. Based on optical characterization, it complies with the SNI for treatments 4 and 5. Chemical characterization is higher than standard. It can be concluded that the natural paper towels from watermelon rind waste comply with the standard of SNI ISO 7891:2017 about Basic Paper towels within the parameter of grammage and water absorption capacity, Tensile strength except for the parameter of tensile strength, pH extract, and fluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results obtained from the analyses performed on seaweed and paper made with algal biomass addition using different analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and the ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and gamma-ray emission (PIGE). The analyzed samples consisted of seaweed from the Ulva rigida C. Agardh 1823 species collected from the Black Sea coast, Romania, and filter papers with different mass addition (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8%) of seaweed. Seaweed introduced into the paper can dislodge some of the cellulose fibers, helping to reduce the amount of stranded seaweed that is currently not valorized in Romania. From the analysis of the results, it results that no potential toxic elements have been identified in the algae structure and the algal biomass could be used in the filter paper manufacture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, induction machines can be considered the backbone of various industrial applications due to the many characteristics such as rigidity, simplicity, high reliability, and low maintenance that can be manufactured for a long time. However, poor efficiency and power factor and increased amounts of torque ripple and losses significantly impact the performance and hence its efficiency. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of induction machines, the special design topology for stator and rotor configurations must be investigated and correctly estimated. This paper presents the analysis of the variable geometries of the cage's rotating bars. More specifically, the influence of dimensions and positions, as well as the shapes of the rotor rods, have a significant impact on the dynamic performance (developed torque, starting torque, ripple torque, starting current, power factor, harmonics, output power, and efficiency) are investigated. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to create the optimum designs as well as calculations are used to optimize the shapes of rotor slots in order to improve starting performance characteristics such as starting current, initial torque, magnetic flux connection under starting conditions, and efficiency. Furthermore, the characteristic of the manufacturing material of the rotor are examined, and methods to reduce losses for an induction motor to enhance efficiency are examined. This paper focuses on the squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global production of paper is on the rise, thus leading to increasing amounts of waste in different stages of paper manufacture. Paper sludge waste is the most abundant and there is a big potential to reuse it after appropriate processing. This research paper analyses paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h in terms of mineral composition, particle density and water demand in cement-based mixtures, as well as the effect of paper sludge waste on the density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength and mineral composition of cement-based specimens. In the cement paste mixtures 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of cement was replaced with paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h. The ratio between water and solid substances was 0.35. Gehlenite and calcium oxide were found to prevail in the mineral composition of paper sludge waste, whereas water demand of cement-based mixture incorporating paper sludge waste increased 30%. The intensity of XRD curves revealed that a higher content (more than 7.5%) of paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h in the mix increases the amount of portlandite and reduces the amounts of cement minerals: alite and belite. An empirical equation was drawn on the grounds of statistical analysis to calculate the compressive strength according paper sludge waste content fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h. The correlation and determination factors more than 0.9 demonstrate that the change of compressive strength in relation to paper sludge waste content can be described by the second degree polynomial equation and the optimum content of paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h in the cement matrix is 5%. The highest density and ultrasonic pulse velocity values of cement stone specimens after 28 days of curing were obtained of specimens containing 5% paper sludge waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global production of paper is on the rise, thus leading to increasing amounts of waste in different stages of paper manufacture. Paper sludge waste is the most abundant and there is a big potential to reuse it after appropriate processing. This research paper analyses paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h in terms of mineral composition, particle density and water demand in cement-based mixtures, as well as the effect of paper sludge waste on the density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength and mineral composition of cement-based specimens. In the cement paste mixtures 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of cement was replaced with paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h. The ratio between water and solid substances was 0.35. Gehlenite and calcium oxide were found to prevail in the mineral composition of paper sludge waste, whereas water demand of cement-based mixture incorporating paper sludge waste increased 30%. The intensity of XRD curves revealed that a higher content (more than 7.5%) of paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h in the mix increases the amount of portlandite and reduces the amounts of cement minerals: alite and belite. An empirical equation was drawn on the grounds of statistical analysis to calculate the compressive strength according paper sludge waste content fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h. The correlation and determination factors more than 0.9 demonstrate that the change of compressive strength in relation to paper sludge waste content can be described by the second degree polynomial equation and the optimum content of paper sludge waste fired at 900°C temperature for 2 h in the cement matrix is 5%. The highest density and ultrasonic pulse velocity values of cement stone specimens after 28 days of curing were obtained of specimens containing 5% paper sludge waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-making raw materials are a mixture of pure wood pulp and recycled pulp. Recycled pulp is obtained from used paper imported from abroad, in addition to the development of paperless culture also has an impact on the reduced availability of raw materials. Empty bunch fiber of palm oil is one of the natural materials that have the potential to be used as an alternative to a pulp for the manufacture of cardboard paper because it has a high holocellulose content. This study has successfully developed cardboard paper developed from oil palm empty fruit bunch pulp with 6 variations of treatment, steam, no steam, NaOH 2.5%, NaOH 5% and mill duration (20 minutes and 30 minutes). The developed cardboard paper is then tested for its water absorbency. Water Absorbency value testing is done by the Cobb method (60). Based on the test results obtained the water absorption values is in the range of 500 - 600 g/m2. Cartons that received treatment, no steam, added NaOH 2.5%, and milled for 30 minutes, has the lowest water absorption value compared to others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims, through experimental works, to develop a new and sustainable binder by reusing two waste materials, namely waste paper slag ash (WPSA) and granite dust (GD) to stabilize fine-grained soil and reduce the environmental impacts resulting from improper disposal in addition to reducing the use of cement and lime in soil stabilization. The soil utilized in this research was obtained from a site near 80th Street in Babylon Provence. The experimental works included sieve and hydrometer analysis, consistency limits, compaction test, and unconfined compression strength test at 3, 7, and 28 days of curing. Various binary blended binders derived from mixing of WPSA and GD at different proportions; 10:0, 7.5:2.5, 5:5, 2.5:7.5, and 0:10 were utilized. These binary blended binders were mixed with the virgin soil at 10% in the samples testing procedure. The results showed that the use of the mixture containing GD alone resulted in a reduction in the LL, PL, and PI, and when increase the percentage of WPSA in the mixture, LL and PL were increased while PI decreased. Moreover, the maximum dry density of the treated soil increased with the use of GD, however, it decreased significantly after the employing WPSA in the binder used. As per the outcomes of the compressive strength test, it was shown that the use of the mixture WPG0 that contains (100% WPSA) gave the highest compressive strength, which is equivalent to 14 times of that for the virgin soil after 28 days of curing. The strength then dropped with increasing the percentage of granite dust in the mixture. However, mixtures contained both of WPSA and GD exhibited acceptable compressive strength throughout the time of curing as the results indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current work, the paper mill effluent is treated with electro-coagulation used as a iron and aluminum as sacrificial materials. Various operating parameters such as pH, treatment time and applied voltage were assorted and their influence on efficiency of electro-coagulation was studied. From the experimental investigation it has been found out that at optimum operating conditions like pH 7, treatment time 60 min and applied voltage 20V, COD and Turbidity removal efficiency were highest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major aim of this study is to compare the power generation of carbon felt electrode and carbon paper electrode operated Microbial fuel cells (MFC) using restaurant wastewater. Restaurant wastewater samples were collected from MFC with carbon felt electrode (N=13) and carbon paper electrode (N=13) operated for 10 days (G power 80%). Voltage was measured using a multimeter and current, power, power density was calculated from it for both groups. The Power generation was found to be high in MFC operated with carbon felt electrode (410 mW/m2) due to its active surface area, strong conductivity, and good biocompatibility compared to carbon paper electrode (121 mW/m2). The independent sample T-test was done which showed that the power generation of MFC operated with carbon felt electrode (p<0.001) found to be significantly higher compared with MFC operated with carbon paper electrode. The study shows that carbon felt electrode operated MFC is able to achieve higher power generation compared to carbon paper electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for cement has grown due to the rapid growth of the building sector. Cement manufacture, on the other hand, produces more greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide. As a result, different construction materials must be sought. Paper pulp is made from waste from the paper industry. Every year, the paper industry consumed a significant amount of land in the surrounding area. Some wastes are thrown on land as a disposal method, while some businesses burn their industrial waste in incinerators, causing serious air pollution issues. The impact of employing paper pulp and crushed stone dust as partial replacements in concrete is discussed in this study. The advantages of using paper pulp with crushed stone are explored in this study. Furthermore, this research presents the findings of an experimental inquiry for M35 grade concrete employing wastepaper as an extra ingredient in concrete mixes for housing projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to produce concrete using various percentages of hypo-sludge ash (HAS) in place of cement. The waste paper sludge ash is composed of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide. Therefore, it can be tested as an innovative cement replacement, providing a solution for traditional concrete. For this study, the various proportions of ash used are 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight of cement. The mixed design carried out was as per the Indian standard code. The ingredients used for concrete making are cement, aggregates, hypo sludge ash (HSA), superplasticizer, and water. A test mix was carried out to check the behaviour of a concrete mix, and its physical and hardening properties were checked. Cube samples were cured for 3, 7, 14, and 28 days to check hardening properties. Experimental analysis shows that by replacing 5% cement with HSA, the strength results obtained are close to the reference concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Briquettes produced from scrap paper are known for their low calorific value. The calorific value of briquettes from waste paper is in the fourth rank after waste wood, charcoal, and sawdust. Therefore, the correct ratio of composition mixture to create a higher calorific value is required. Spent Coffee Ground (SCG) has been selected as an added material in the composition of biomass mixture since SCG has a high calorific value and is easily found. The purpose of the study is to find the correct ratio that may increase the calorific value of the bio-briquettes made of scrap paper, based on comparative testing and analysis. There are four composition mixture samples used in the study. The first composition mixture is 90% of scrap paper and 10% adhesive; the second one is 70% of scrap paper, 20% of SCG, and 10% adhesive; the third composition mixture is 50% of scrap paper, 40% of SCG, 10% of adhesive; and the fourth composition mixture includes 30% of scrap paper, 60% of SCG and 10% of adhesive. The study shows that the greater ratio of SCG used in the composition will result in a higher calorific value. The research concludes that briquettes achieve their best performances in the composition mixture of 40% of SCG. In the proposed ratio, briquettes are not brittle and produce 5.366 kcal/kg of calorific value; 6.58% of water content; 5.37% of ash content; 28.28% of volatile matter; and 8.91% of shatter index. Therefore, the studied composition can be considered to produce the most efficient biomass briquettes made from scrap paper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy transition from fossil energy to renewable energy (green energy) which is more environmentally friendly has been regarded as an utter necessity that requires policy. The study presented in this article is aimed at optimizing development of green energy in a situation of fluctuating fossil energy prices. The method used is a paper review and comparative quantitative-qualitative analysis, Strengths Opportunities Aspirations Result (SOAR) analysis on secondary data supported by empirical information in the energy industry. The paper on the topic of marketing strategy for the development of renewable energy using SWOT analysis was chosen as a comparison for the analysis of development through SOAR. Furthermore, the results of the comparison between SOAR and SWOT analysis are used as the basis for selecting alternative strategies. Exploration and exploitation of fossil energy requires a high investment, so optimizing fossil energy requires technology that is able to convert this energy into a more environmentally friendly, the management of fossil energy carried out five pillars, namely human resource development, application of new technology and information systems, processes, manufacturing, environmental protection, health and sustainability. Some examples of activities that have been carried out include the construction of solar-based power plants, micro hydro, and the development of bio gas. Greenovator programs that benefit the environment and society. The result of this review on the proposed alternative solutions for green energy development using and encourages a symbiosis between the governments - the community - the fossil energy industry - the green energy industry. As an alternative strategy towards optimizing the development of renewable energy, the use of fossil energy is still needed in the transition energy because the fossil energy industry can be in line with renewable energy development in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we report the facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via the green synthesis method using mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana L.) peels waste extract (MPE) as the bioreducing agent. The synthesized AgNPs were employed as the probe in the paper-based colorimetric detection of Pb2+. Initially, the MPE was prepared using a reflux system for a 3 h reaction, followed by mixing the AgNO3 precursor and the prepared MPE, then left undisturbed for a 6 h reaction until a dark brown solution of AgNPs was obtained. The AgNPs showed a strong visible absorbance peak at 415 nm that indicated the AgNPs were successfully formed, whereas there was no peak observed at 415 m for the MPE. Further investigation, the IR spectra revealed that the OH-groups of flavonoids derivative in the MPE have a main role in the AgNPs formation, while the XRD pattern confirmed the prepared AgNPs have face center cubic structure with the crystalline size of 11.38 nm as well as the SEM characterization showed a spherical to triangle morphology of AgNPs. The paper-based-colorimetric performance evaluation showed a wide linearity range from 8 ppb to 100 ppm with a limit of detection (LOD) less than 12.50 ppm and high selectivity toward Pb2+ instead of Zn2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ at 30 min reaction, indicating the green synthesized AgNPs have the potential for probe in colorimetric sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modification of the metal surface is one of the efforts used to increase the bonding strength to provide a good deposite for the hydroxyapatite layer. This study aimed to determine the effect of abrasive paper roughness and alkali heat treatment on 316L stainless steel for hydroxyapatite coating. The surface of the 316L stainless steel substrate was roughened using SIC paper 80, 400 and 1200 grit. Then soaked with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions for 24 hours at a temperature of 40 °C and then the substrate was sintered at a temperature of 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C with a holding time of 1 hour. The coating process is carried out using a dip coating method by immersing the substrate into the hydroxyapatite slurry and sintered at a temperature of 750 °C. The result of this study shows that sodium chromium oxyde (Na4CrO4) was successfully formed on the metal surface of 316L Stainless steel. The highest and lowest shear strength values were obtained on 80 grit samples with heat treatment temperatures of 700 °C and 600 °C, respectively 4.685 MPa and 0.465 MPa. The thickness of the hydroxyapatite (HA) layer on 316L stainless steel obtained was 51.68 µm; 58.28 µm; 73.63 µm and 70.13 µm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the event of a power transformer failure, the utility could experience an interruption in its power supply. Many factors, including winding deformations, insulation deterioration, transient and overloaded conditions, etc., can lead to this kind of failure. This research explores the relationship between polarisation and depolarization current (PDC) measured from the oil impregnated paper insulation of a high voltage (HV) power transformer to reveal data about the state of the insulation used in these devices. Paper insulation in a power transformer has been documented to age in a non-uniform fashion. Popular models that can model non-uniform ageing include the conventional Debye model (CDM). In the current study, we employed CDM to foresee the performance of oil-impregnated paper insulation. Further, dielectric loss tan and overall insulation conditions have been explored, with the largest magnitude of Z evaluated from the transfer function (TF) of the CDM model impacting most to the insulation condition and projected moisture present in the insulation paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widely use of petroleum-derived mineral oils for the production of offset printing inks has resulted in several environmental impacts. The suitable approach to develop alternative resources is palm oil fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) as a substitute for petroleum-based solvent. This study aimed to investigate the surface properties of palm oil-based offset ink on gloss-coated paper surfaces in terms of printability. The "green" varnishes were prepared with palm oil FAME as solvent, rosin-modified phenolic resin, and different vegetable oils linseed oil (FAME-LO) and soybean oil (FAME-SO) have been used as drying oils. The FAME-based Cyan offset printing inks have been prepared their properties compared with standard conventional inks. Printing tests were carried out using the IGT-A2 printability tester. Contact angles of water, methanol, and hexane on the surface of printed ink were measured using Contact Angle Analyzer. The surface free energy (SFE) and its components were calculated using Girifalco-Good-Fowkes-Young, Owens-Wendt, and van Oss-Chaudhury-Good methods. The results showed that as the liquid contact angle increased, the surface energy decreased. The surface energy of FAME-SO ink printed samples 36.36 mJ/m2 was higher than the unprinted paper 35.84 mJ/m2. Since high surface energy will affect the bond strength of the ink to the substrate, this will be an advantage for multicolor prints requiring good ink adhesion, which will enlarge the acceptance of other colors to be printed on the previous color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about paper or journal review of two-phase flow boiling pressure drop in propane (R290) refrigeration system and summarized several researches that will useful in terms of HVAC-R equipment especially in heat exchanger i.e., evaporator design. Early researcher has been conducted research with respect to the channel dimension (diameter and aspect ratio) as in Coleman (2000). Recent research of flow boiling with combined parameters such as heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and pressure drop shown that some parameters affected pressure drop inside unconventional channel (mini and microchannel) such as superficial vapor velocity, mass quality, mass flux, heat flux, saturation temperature (and pressure), and Reynolds number where flow regime of the pressure drop are mostly annular flow, intermittent flow, slug and churn flow but less or few of them found a relation of channel dimension i.e. diameter and aspect ratio towards two-phase flow pressure drop (as in Coleman (2000)). It is recommended that for further study and research, study of two-phase flow boiling pressure drop must conduct in the unconventional channel such as minichannel or microchannel i.e., capillary tube and incorporate Reynolds number of the flow (both vapor and liquid), channel dimension (diameter and aspect ratio), surface tension, and shear stress influence from two-phase flow fluid and then plot the data to the recent and or existed flow pattern map of any flow regimes especially to the refrigerants ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understudies of schools and universities devour many papers as note pads, books, assessments, answer books and so forth. After utilizing these papers and advancing in the new class, new requests for scratchpad and books were delivered. The new paper creation by paper factories cause the cut of more trees and timberlands and become the explanation of water, air contamination. Reusing paper squander paper is probably ideal for the supportable turn of events and zero waste targets. Since squander paper reusing supplies critical commitments to the supportability of ranger service assets, to energy-saving endeavours, to decrease ecological contamination levels and viable usage of crude materials. The financial commitment of waste paper reusing can be a lot more prominent if these squanders are gathered at the source. It is essential to distinguish the areas that devour generally higher measure of paper; thus, raise their mindfulness, and give answers for on-source-partition rehearses in such areas. Generally, it realizes that the understudies of universities/schools burnthrough bigger measures of paper contrasted with other shopper units. The current investigation plans to ascertain the worth of financial advantage made by squandering papers gathered usingthe students of College/school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This bibliometric study aims to analyze the research output and trends in the field of Islamic research between 2020 and 2022. Using the Scopus database, a total of 6269 articles were identified for inclusion in this study, all of which contain the keywords "Islamic AND Islam" in the title, abstract, and keywords. The study employed bibliometric techniques to identify the most productive countries, authors, affiliations, and journals in the field of Islamic research. The analysis revealed that Indonesia is the most productive country in Islamic research, followed by Malaysia and USA. The International Islamic University Malaysia was identified as the most productive affiliation, while Ejaz Aslam and Razali Haron's study on the impact of corporate governance on Islamic bank performance was the most influential publication with 33 citations on Scopus. The Journal of Islamic Marketing was found to be the most productive journal in the field. The co-occurrence network analysis using Keyword Plus identified "human," "education," and "economy" as the most frequent and interconnected topics in Islamic research. The network also revealed a node connected to "Islamism," indicating a growing interest in the intersection of religion and politics in Muslim-majority countries. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the current state of Islamic research and its trends. The findings can guide policymakers and researchers in developing strategies and policies to advance the field and address current challenges. The bibliometric analysis can also aid researchers in identifying potential collaborators and interdisciplinary connections, leading to the development of new research directions and opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to identify journals, authors, and papers related to influencer marketing and its applications within five years (2018-2022). It uses bibliometric methods and the Scopus database to identify 144 documents in journal articles and conference proceedings. The results showed that more than 85% were journal articles, and the rest were conference papers. During this period, 359 authors were found, with 16 authors being single authors and 343 authors being multiple authors. Despite the relatively small number of articles, the number of citations reached 2518 in Scopus, and the average number of citations per article was 19.26. Liselot Hudders, with four publications affiliated with Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium, was the main contributor to this study. Regarding sources, the Journal of Digital and Social Media Marketing ranked her at the top of the five most essential sources for research on influencer marketing. The results show that "social media" is the top keyphrases and will continue to grow from 2017 until its peak in 2022. It was followed by "social media marketing" and "Instagram." These three are the most important keywords during this period, which allows us to see the development trend of influencer marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is the most consumed matter in the world. 97% of water is saline which cannot be used easily for domestic purposes and the water which can be easily treated is limited as the groundwater table is depleting due to irrigation purposes and water consumption is rural areas. To solve this issue, we must focus on surface water resource such as rivers, rivulets etc. For using such source there should be a meticulous quality audit of substantial water samples of that source to properly ensure suitability for domestic water use. Hence it is conspicuous that water quality is very imperative. For a rational and scientific analysis of water quality, there should be a mathematical parameter. For that matter, we have a water quality index to ensure rationality during the quality audit. We shall include pH, TDS, alkalinity, hardness conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, chlorine content, fluorine content etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karnaphuli Paper Mill (KPM) is the country's largest and state-owned paper mill, located at Chandraghona, Chattogram, alongside the Karnaphuli River. At present, 10 to 12 tonnes of paper are being produced daily, resulting in approximately 1000 to 1200 tonnes of waste effluents every day. The water of the Karnaphuli River is being polluting due to untreated effluents discharged from KPM outlets, posing a threat to the Karnaphuli River's aquatic lives. Thus, this research is carried out to test the raw effluents of KPM and the Karnaphuli River water, to compare the water quality with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Bangladesh Environmental Conservative Rules (BECR, 1997) standards to find out the effects of this water on aquatic lives and to suggest remedial measures. Raw effluents were collected from three points of outlets of KPM, and the river water were collected from ten points at upstream and ten points at downstream of outlet at an interval of 100 m each to test the water quality parameters, such as, pH, BOD, COD, total dissolved solids (TDS), Alkalinity, Hardness, Chloride, Turbidity, Fecal coliform, Al, Sn, and Co. The test results were found to be satisfactory, except a few parameters at few locations, which might have negative impacts on river water and aquatic lives. To mitigate the unacceptable concentrations, it is suggested to set up an effluent treatment plant (ETP) to treat the KPM effluents before discharging into the Karnaphuli River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the performances of cationic starch (CS) and sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (CMC-Na) as dry strength additives (DSA). The CS and CMC-Na were incorporated with to pulp slurry in different dosages (0.5%-2.0%) during stock preparation. The basic weight of 80 g/m2 was made for each treatment. The results showed that the utilization of CMC-Na had better mechanical properties compared to the CS for all treatments. In general, apparent density and mechanical properties were significantly affected by the addition of DSA. However, through the observation of the experiment, the enhancing effect of CMC-Na on mechanical properties of wastepaper was much higher than using CS except for tear strength. The FESEM imaging results can also help prove the best DSA used in wastepaper production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we develop the rapid diagnostic kit potentially applied as point-of-care testing for kidney disease (nephropathy) through detecting albumin in urine samples. For this purpose, gold-nanoparticle (AuNPs) in combination with anionic dyes of Bromocresol Purple (BCP) and Bromothymol Blue (BTB), which are immobilized onto distance-based microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (d-μPADs), are utilized as sensing reagents. In this device, two mechanisms operate for quantitative and semiquantitative detection of albumin using d-μPAD, which include (1) protein error of pH indicator by direct reaction of albumin with dyes and (2) full corona protein formation of AuNPs with albumin. These synergistic reaction mechanisms facilitate the sharp color change of dyes, easily detected by the naked eye. Some parameters affecting the sensitivity of the proposed method, such as dye concentration, pH, reagent volume ratio, reagent immobilization, and reaction time, are investigated in detail. Inexpensive, disposable, and easy to use without technical expertise for albumin detection are advantages of the proposed method. Additionally, the proposed method has a high precision (RSD: 1.08%) and accuracy (99.38-99.96%) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing field in India that can assist farmers in many ways is the identification of plant diseases. Plant disease reduces the mass production in agriculture. Every time due to heavy loss in agriculture, farmers face many challenges to raise up their needs. This study analyzes various diseases that affect various plants due to the following criteria like environmental condition, types of plant formed from Monocot and Dicot family, crop rotation and Ph value of the soil. The existing system analyzed the diseases based on one of the criteria. Although the strategy is to be followed to identify plant diseases at the early stage with various aspects so that the production in agriculture could be increased. The majority of machine learning algorithms already exist and may be improved upon to yield more accuracy. Xanthomonas wilt, Black and Yellow Sigatoka, Bunchy Top Virus, Black Sigatoka, Fusarium wilt, Cassava Bacterial Blight (CBB), Cassava Brown Steak Disease (CBSD), Cassava Green Mite (CGM), and Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD), Yellow vein mosaic virus, and Powdery Mildew are a few of the diseases of the plants grown on crop rotation which are the subject of study of this paper. Plant illnesses are classified according to disease in the many open-source datasets that are accessible. For deeper understanding, we have provided a list of references. Here, we've examined the approaches that are now in use for automatically detecting various diseases of plant leaves. We present an approach for accurately identifying early signs of plant diseases from a variety of perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open graded friction course (OGFC) mixtures are generally utilised as an overlay layer on existing pavement layers at thicknesses of up to 50 mm. They are designed with open aggregate skeletons to mitigate noise impact, reduce spray and splash, and minimise night glare. They have also gained widespread popularity worldwide as a result of features such as slip resistance, water permeability, and urban heat reduction. However, despite these advantages, their design structure is somewhat weak due to the high proportion of large gradient gravel content with a lack of smaller particle gradations. In addition to creating air voids of up to 22%, these can cause bitumen and filler to drain down, which is considered one of the main problems of such mixtures. Several researchers have thus attempted to modify the properties of such mixtures by using additives to strengthen the asphalt bond, with improvement sought by adding polymer materials, fiber, or similar additives as additional soft materials. In this study, waste paper fiber (W-PF) was added after being picked to a small size, as this additive has not been used in previous research, in this area and offers both environmental and economic advantages. This was added to the binder at percentages of 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7% by weight, and the performance of each mix was checked with respect to volumetric properties (air voids, bulk density, porosity and permeability) and mechanical properties (Cantabro wear loss (CL), skid resistance and indirect tensile strength (ITS)). The results show that incorporating W-PF into the asphalt binder generally improves the mixture's performance. With respect to volumetric scales, it leads to higher values of porosity, air voids, and permeability, with improvements of around 14%, 10%, and 31%, respectively, at 0.7% W-PF by weight of binder. As the paper dose increases, the bulk density decreases, and the mechanical characteristics such as skid resistance and ITS increase, by roughly 38% and 24%, respectively, at 0.7% W-PF. Using W-PF in the right proportions to stabilise neat asphalt for OGFC mixes thus appears promising as a long-term solution to several issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]