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In sport, there is extensive evidence that supports the benefits associated with a mastery climate. However, limited studies have explored how physical tools could be used to promote mastery climates in youth sport contexts. Using an action research approach, we sought to understand the benefits and drawbacks of applying tools grounded in goal setting to promote a mastery environment: (a) an "arm sleeve" to be worn by athletes during training and matches and (b) a "reflection sheet" for use pre- and posttraining/-matches. These tools were implemented for a 3-week period with a U13 academy team (18 players and two coaches). Based on observation notes, focus groups, and one-on-one interviews, the analysis showed that the arm sleeves were helpful reminders for process goals, whereas the coaches had abandoned the use of reflection sheets due to lack of time. The benefits and drawbacks of the tools are discussed while pedagogical and practical implications are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of Digital Therapeutics (DTx) is profoundly transforming patients’ care management. Original combinations of IoT medical devices and related mobile applications resulting in DTx, may boost patients’ engagement and adherence to treatment regimens, resulting as ‘intelligent’ assistants in patients’ health recovery. In this paper we conducted a study among a sample of 507 participants by setting a prototype of DTx able to monitor respiratory-related diseases as a setting. Results demonstrated that individuals’ perceived product intelligence of such digital tools led to higher intention to use, through the effect of their Behavioural Activation System, that is, the psychological mechanism influencing their motivation towards engaging in rewarding and goal-directed behaviours. Moreover, individuals’ perceived anthropomorphism of these tools, in terms of individuals’ tendency attribute human-like characteristics or emotions to non-human entities such in these technological tools, increase such effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underpinning this consideration of writing instruction in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) is the premise that acts of teaching interact with the context in which they occur; they are shaped by the socio‐cultural milieu, philosophical and socio‐political traditions, curriculum and assessment systems, and the nature of individual classrooms. This perspective positions research regarding effective teaching and learning as requiring interpretation and, often, adaptation. Further, we have argued elsewhere that shared theories or understandings about constructs in writing instruction, applied within a context, can give rise to varied acts of instruction. Two constructs in writing instruction, key given features of the NZ context, are examined: developing independent, self‐regulating writers, and engaging in responsive, sustaining pedagogy. In NZ, shared theory of the importance of developing independent, self‐regulating writers is actioned in multiple pedagogical acts or approaches: teaching of strategies, largely through modelling; scaffolding goal setting; providing opportunities for decision making and choice; and enabling peer and self‐evaluation. Promoting self‐regulation is important given a policy of continuous intake, and traditions of non‐streamed classrooms and of teaching the individual. Shared understandings about responsiveness include knowing each individual student and building on, and sustaining, existing strengths. In teaching, writing this includes differentiating instruction often through the use of small‐group instruction, providing targeted, accessible feedback, and the use of culturally sustaining forms of instruction such as those involving trans‐languaging and storytelling. These understandings align with shared views of teaching as iterative inquiry and with official invitations to adapt curricula to fit local contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMethodsResultsConclusions\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONStroke is a leading cause of disability, significantly impacting survivors’ ability to return-to-work (RTW). This study aims to explore the qualitative experiences of stroke survivors and caregivers participating in a work skills training programme. The research objectives are to understand participants’ (i) perceived benefits of the programme, (ii) perceived challenges and drawbacks of the programme, and (iii) suggestions for improvement and future recommendations.Thirteen participants (seven stroke survivors and six caregivers) completed the four-week programme. Data were collected through post-workshop focus group discussions, which was analyzed using thematic analysis.Key perceived benefits identified included communication tools, platform for sharing and support, reflections and shifts in mindset, and goal setting and values exploration. Perceived challenges and drawbacks highlighted were difficulty understanding certain workshop content, technical difficulties, and length of workshop sessions. Suggestions for improvement and future recommendations included assessing capacity and readiness to RTW and customizing content to participant needs.This study provides valuable insights into the experiences of stroke survivors and caregivers in a work skills training programme. While significant benefits were identified, areas for improvement remain. These insights will guide the development of more effective and tailored interventions grounded in participants’ needs and perspectives.Participants benefited from the work skills training programme through learning communication skills, peer support, reflections and mindset shifts, and goal setting and values exploration.Challenges identified included difficulty understanding certain workshop content, technical difficulties, and lengthy workshop sessions.Participants further recommended assessing capacity and readiness to work and customizing workshop content to individual needs for future workshops.These insights will guide the development of more effective, tailored post-stroke rehabilitation interventions grounded in the needs and perspectives of stroke survivors and caregivers.Participants benefited from the work skills training programme through learning communication skills, peer support, reflections and mindset shifts, and goal setting and values exploration.Challenges identified included difficulty understanding certain workshop content, technical difficulties, and lengthy workshop sessions.Participants further recommended assessing capacity and readiness to work and customizing workshop content to individual needs for future workshops.These insights will guide the development of more effective, tailored post-stroke rehabilitation interventions grounded in the needs and perspectives of stroke survivors and caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trial registrationPediatric acquired brain injury (pABI) may lead to long-lasting challenges in need of rehabilitation-efforts years after the insult. The Child in Context Intervention (CICI) is an individualized, goal-oriented intervention targeting children with pABI, their families and schools in the chronic phase. This paper describes the goals that patients and families in the CICI intervention group identified to work on. The 29 participating families worked on 90 goals that were predominantly coded to the domains of Body functioning (46.6%) and Activities and participation (40.5%), according to the International Classification of functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The most frequently used codes focused on fatigue and emotional symptoms, in addition to codes in the AP domain describing the need for increased independence in everyday life at school, at home, and socially. Goal attainment in the intervention group was high, with positive progress on 94.4% of the goals and positive goal achievement for all included families. The high level of goal attainment provides promising evidence of the CICI programme’s efficacy, and highlights the need to further develop evidence-based rehabilitation programs for children with pABI in the chronic stage of recovery.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04798859. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recovery of endangered species is challenging and lengthy, especially when it involves reintroduction and dynamic environmental conditions. Because managers often need to decide between many management strategies with uncertain outcomes, periodically assessing progress toward recovery using population viability analysis (PVA) can help guide decision‐making. We developed a PVA for the critically endangered Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata) to evaluate current status and potential future management strategies to reach goals set in the Recovery Plan. Having grown from their nadir of 13 birds in 1976 to 686 in 2021, the recovery effort has made great progress. Using 15 years of data, we built an individual‐based PVA that included interactions between two captive and three wild populations connected via annual releases. If management continues as planned, the wild populations have no to moderate risks of extinction (0–32%) over the next 100 years. However, wild populations remain dependent on releases to sustain growth, and recovery targets for stable population growth and connectivity have not yet been reached. Our analysis suggests that hurricanes are an impediment to reaching recovery targets and impact some wild populations more than others based on geography. Projections with climate‐change‐induced higher hurricane impact resulted in wild populations being less likely to stabilize. We identified demographic rates and associated management strategies that could positively impact wild populations: increasing reproduction (e.g., via increasing artificial nests, improving nest success) and decreasing first‐year mortality (e.g., via targeted predator control). Based on our current understanding of Puerto Rican parrot demographics, species recovery will continue to be management‐dependent unless demographic rates can be altered. As more data are gathered, especially for data‐sparse populations and in the face of environmental change, future iterations of this model can re‐evaluate progress, update management strategies, and provide support for deciding if and when to delist this iconic species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questions remain about the best approaches to treatment for the subset of patients with severe and long-standing Anorexia Nervosa, commonly described in the literature as "Severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa." When discussing the optimal strategies and goals for treating this group, there is uncertainty over whether to focus on refining current treatment methods or exploring alternative approaches. One such alternative is "harm reduction," which has generated a wave of positive interest from patients and clinicians alike because of its emphasis on individual autonomy, personal goals and quality of life. While harm reduction can provide an attractive alternative to seemingly endless cycles of ineffective treatment, this narrative review builds on previous work to highlight the inadequate terminology and possible dangers of considering harm reduction as the endpoint of treatment. In conjunction with perspectives from a lived experience author, we consider wider contextual and ethical issues in the field of eating disorders, which should inform the role of harm-reduction approaches in this patient group. Plain English Summary: One model of treatment for patients with severe and long-standing Anorexia Nervosa is termed "harm reduction", which moves away from traditional treatment aimed at full recovery and weight gain. This approach instead prioritises quality of life, giving patients greater control over their care. Harm reduction remains ethically controversial due to concerns about unaddressed malnutrition and issues of consent for this subset of patients. This review examines the inadequacies in how severe and long-standing Anorexia is defined, alongside exploring the ethical concerns of harm reduction with lived experience from one author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractHope is a malleable cognitive-motivational skill that helps students identify personal goals and construct routes to achieve them. Hope is sustained through engaging contexts and supportive relationships. We examined cognitive school engagement, teacher support, and peer support during high school (297 students; 9th–11th grade; 45% female; 52% White, 45% Latinx, 3% other) as potential mechanisms in the process of sustaining hope over time, and predicting academic achievement. We hypothesized high school students’ hope (time 1; T1) would be indirectly related to subsequent hope (time 2; T2) and achievement (time 3; T3) via cognitive school engagement and supports (T2). Significant longitudinal indirect effects emerged from T1 hope to T2 hope via T2 cognitive school engagement and peer support, and between T1 hope and T3 achievement via T2 cognitive school engagement. Findings highlight the processes that link student hope with achievement and greater hope in the high school context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance and sustain movement accuracy, humans make corrections in subsequent trials based on previous errors. Trial-by-trial learning occurs unconsciously and has mostly been studied using reaching movements. Goal-directed projection movements, such as archery, have an inherent delay between releasing an object and observing an outcome (e.g. the arrival position of the object), and this delay may prevent trial-by-trial implicit learning. We aimed to investigate the learning in the projection movement and the impacts of the inherent delay. During the experiment, a joystick was flicked once to transport a cursor from the starting location to a target. To manipulate the length of the delay between the cursor release and outcome observation, the speed of the cursor movement was varied: a fast speed can lead to a short delay. We found trial-by-trial implicit learning under all speed conditions, and the error sensitivity was not significantly different across speed conditions. Furthermore, the error sensitivity depended on the target location, that is, the movement direction. The results indicate that trial-by-trial implicit learning occurred in goal-directed projection movement, despite the length of the inherent delay. Additionally, the degree of this learning was affected by the movement direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goal-directed memory reactivation involves retrieving the most relevant information for the current behavioral goal. Previous research has linked this process to activations in the fronto-parietal network, but the underlying neurocognitive mechanism remains poorly understood. The current electroencephalogram (EEG) study explores attentional selection as a possible mechanism supporting goal-directed retrieval. We designed a long-term memory experiment containing three phases. First, participants learned associations between objects and two screen locations. In a following phase, we changed the relevance of some locations (selective cue condition) to simulate goal-directed retrieval. We also introduced a control condition, in which the original associations remained unchanged (neutral cue condition). Behavior performance measured during the final retrieval phase revealed faster and more confident responses in the selective vs. neutral condition. At the EEG level, we found significant differences in decoding accuracy, with above-chance effects in the selective cue condition but not in the neutral cue condition. Additionally, we observed a stronger posterior contralateral negativity and lateralized alpha power in the selective cue condition. Overall, these results suggest that attentional selection enhances task-relevant information accessibility, emphasizing its role in goal-directed memory retrieval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionsHealth coaching may supplement the multidisciplinary ALS clinic model to facilitate patient-centered health behavior change. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nurse health coaching (NHC) on the quality of life and self-efficacy of individuals living with ALS.Twenty-nine participants were randomized at 1:1 to the standard of care and coaching arms. All participants attended multidisciplinary ALS clinic visits quarterly, at which times they completed assessments of quality of life and self-efficacy. Those in the coaching arm participated in monthly coaching with a nurse coach over 12 months. The coaching sessions utilized motivational interviewing to identify personal goals along with barriers and solutions to achieve them. Linear mixed-effect models were used to quantify the effect of coaching on quality of life and self-efficacy outcomes. Thematic analysis was performed to summarize the participants’ experiences with coaching.Adherence to the coaching intervention was good. No effects of coaching were observed on the primary outcomes of quality of life and self-efficacy, although debriefed participants reported that they would recommend it to others. Patients and caregivers reflected on the impacts of coaching that extended beyond the pre-defined study outcomes and measures put in place to gauge effectiveness.The elicited qualitative themes illustrating patient experience of coaching demonstrate the utility of nurse coaching as an important adjunct support to complement the multidisciplinary ALS clinic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study describes how New York City (NYC) Health + Hospitals implemented a large-scale Community Health Worker (CHW) program in adult primary care clinics between January 2022 and December 2023 and established metrics to monitor program implementation. This study is timely as healthcare systems consider how to scale high-quality CHW programs. Methods: We collected metrics in the following areas: (1) Workforce demographics, team structure, and training; (2) Enrolled patient demographics; (3) Patient-centered metrics, such as patient counts (e.g. patients outreached and enrolled) and engagement (e.g. median time in program, caseloads per CHW), and goals (e.g. median number of goals identified and completed). Metrics are based on standard data elements captured through CHW documentation in the electronic health record collected during program implementation. Data cleaning is completed using SQL queries and R scripts. Results: In June 2023, there were a total of 97 CHW and 22 CHW Supervisor staff lines in adult primary care across 17 healthcare sites. There were 4.6 CHWs to 1 CHW supervisor on average though this ranged by facility from 1:1 to 1:6. Compared to the population that receives primary care at NYC H + H, CHWs served more African American/Black patients (40% vs. 32%) and an older patient population (35% older than 65 vs. 21% older than 65). From January 2022 to December 2023, 13,812 patients were outreached by CHWs. Of these, 9,069 (66%) were referred by clinicians, 7,331 (53%) were enrolled, and 5,044 (37%) successfully graduated. The median number of goals identified by patients was four, and the median number of goals completed with a CHW per patient was three. The top three goals were primary care engagement (47%), specialty care engagement (46%), and food insecurity (45%). Conclusion: Establishing clear implementation and process metrics helps to ensure that CHWs embedded in health systems can meaningfully engage adult patients in health care, address patient-centered goals, and connect patients to community and government services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aim Design Methods Results Conclusion Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care Impact Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution To explore experiences of nursing home staff in implementing self‐designed interventions to foster trusting relationships with family in practice.This qualitative study used a Participatory Action Research approach.Data collection included focus groups (n = 15), interviews (n = 28) and observations (n = 5). A holistic narrative approach was used for data analysis, resulting in co‐constructed narratives representing experiences of nursing home staff in implementing four different interventions in five Dutch dementia special care units in nursing homes. The data collection period began in August 2021 and ended in April 2022.Nursing home staff implemented self‐designed interventions to foster trusting relationships with family, including initiating informal conversations, sharing residents’ ‘happy’ moments, discussing mutual expectations, and being more aware of families’ emotional burdens. Identified facilitators emphasise the importance of reciprocity, familiarity, transparency, realistic goal setting and empathy. Identified barriers are related to moral uncertainty in balancing competing demands, conflicting social norms, prioritising hands‐on care tasks over family contact and lack of courage to act.Nursing home staff conclude that their interventions contribute positively to building and maintaining a trusting relationship with families.Sharing the narratives of nursing home staff with peers would support them in implementing interventions to foster trust. Regular Moral Case Deliberations can be used to address moral uncertainty. Collective dialogue among nursing home staff can be useful in establishing new social norms that prioritise family involvement. Conversation skills training can empower nursing home staff.Trust between nursing home staff and families can be improved by implementing the conducted interventions.This report adheres to the standards for reporting qualitative research (COREQ).No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to determine which factors improve the quality of dying and death from the point of view of patients with cancer who are nearing the end of their lives. The goal was to find out what they think are necessary conditions for a good death and how they would like to be cared for and supported at the end of their lives. Methods: This study used an exploratory research approach. Purposive sampling was used to select 21 participants from two hospices in Bengaluru and Hyderabad (Karunashraya and Sparsh), and Karnataka Cancer Hospital in Bangalore, India. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken to obtain data from the patients. Thematic analysis was used to examine the data. Results: Four themes were identified: 1) Spirituality and religiosity, 2) socioemotional support, 3) Breaking silence about the stage of the disease and 4) Preparation for and embracing death. There were distinct sub-themes within some of these that were highlighted using quotes from the participants. Conclusions: The study provided a comprehensive understanding of end-of-life care, the criteria for a high-quality end of life, strategies for achieving it, and the quality of the dying process and death in advanced cancer patients. Studying patients' experiences will help inform a more robust intervention strategy and action plan to improve the quality of end-of-life care in the Indian community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As a key component of advance care planning, serious illness conversations form a core intervention in palliative care. To achieve effective serious illness conversations, acknowledgment and inclusion of patient sense of self and identity are critical. However, no framework exists to describe how goals, values, and choices relate to patient identity. This conceptual gap hinders the advancement of palliative care education and practice. Objective: This philosophical investigation aimed to explicate two items: first, a novel conceptual framework for serious illness conversations; second, a structured approach to optimize these conversations within the palliative care clinical context. Methods: A philosophical and theoretical analysis was performed within an interdisciplinary context, by scholars in palliative care, medical humanities, philosophy, and bioethics. Key literature in psychology, qualitative research on the experience of serious illness, medical ethics, and choice architecture in medical decision-making were reviewed, and a structured conceptual and narrative analysis was performed. Results: An original and innovative identity-centered conceptual framework for serious illness conversations was developed. The framework consists of a four-step, reproducible approach: (1) attend to patient narrative identity, (2) identify values, (3) cocreate goals, and (4) actively promote choices. In short: attend, identify, create, and promote (AICP). Discussion: By using this conceptual framework and four-step approach, clinicians can accomplish goal-concordant serious illness care and build rich clinical relationships that foster trust and goodwill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reappraisal of the local and living a rooted life are often highlighted by international advocates for sustainable and environmentally conscious lifestyles. The purpose of this study is to explore and theorize downshifters' lifestyle changes, with a particular focus on their living environments and sense of place, and we draw on a theoretical framework that combines insights from previous research on downshifting and voluntary simplicity. We conducted 30 life story interviews with individuals in Sweden who consider themselves downshifters or advocates of a simpler life. These materials were analysed along the dimensions of (1) spatial adaptation and appropriation; (2) local and global scales; and (3) temporality of place. Our results emphasize the non-linearity of lifestyle changes towards simplicity where, whereby commitment to sustainability varies while personal goals rely on the previous experiences and everyday practices, values and knowledge that can improve both individual and global sustainability. Our analysis shows that sense of place is a dynamic process influenced by mobilities and flows, spatial inertia and context, and memories and emotions. Our research contributes to the recent more than- relational view on space and place with concepts from humanistic geography that further assist in understanding individuals' sense of place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Aristotle in Poetics, dramatic characterization should show the character's moral choice in the form of action, and good moral choice is the criterion of the tragic character's moral goodness. A good or virtuous action, based on Nicomachean Ethics, is an action free from extremes, that is, an action in which the rule of the middle is observed. The tragic character is morally similar to us because he commits a moral error like us, but he is also superior to us because despite his moral error, he can return to the path of virtuous life. According to Aristotle, action and character in tragedy should be intertwined in such a way that they represent the all-moral nature of human life. Therefore, the ideal character of tragedy is morally, and potentially, good; who tries to realize and actualize his moral goodness during the rational, causal, unified and goal-oriented process of tragic design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health is one of the main elements in human life. Everyone always gives ample space for their health. However, sometimes people forget this when their life goals are not well understood or are limited to certain achievements. This scientific work examines the reinterpretation of the Catholic faith as a search for human nature and how the Catholic faith and health are actually an inseparable unity because humans are complete creatures. Apart from that, this scientific work also reflects the ideal human attitude in facing crises, especially health crises in the new post-pandemic era, namely "Being human also means being a healthy human being" because humans who are able to find faith can understand it. the importance of health in their lives. For those who understand the integral relationship between the Catholic faith and health, this provides confirmation of the true dignity of human beings, including their relationship to "the Divine". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigators undertaking goal-setting research in sport have often focused on the effects of goal content, while those writing professional practice literature have suggested how practitioners could set goals with clients. Few empirical investigations have concentrated on understanding how and why sport psychology practitioners (SPPs) use goal setting or the active ingredients contributing to intervention effectiveness. By adopting a 2-stage, multiple methods approach, we aimed to identify how and why SPPs used goal setting and what contributed to their successful and unsuccessful experiences of setting goals. In Stage 1, 84 accredited/certified SPPs and 16 SPPs in training on an accreditation/certification pathway completed an online survey to identify how and why they set goals. In Stage 2, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 14 participants that explored their experiences of goal setting and elaborated on findings generated in Stage 1. Our findings illustrate that goal setting is a dynamic process, and we identified several common steps across participants. Goal setting was used to enhance psychological and performance outcomes, but the process was influenced by client, contextual, and practitioner factors. Aspects perceived to influence the effectiveness of goal setting included: the attitude of the client toward goal setting; setting appropriate goals; and reflecting, tracking, and monitoring progress. When implementing goal setting in practice, our findings suggest that SPPs can expect steps of the intervention to differ between clients. Furthermore, practitioners might consider the commitment of the client to the process and following up after the intervention as factors that could contribute to successful outcomes. Lay summary: Sport psychology practitioners (SPPs) reported taking different steps to educate and evaluate their clients before they set goals. After setting goals, SPPs prepared clients to work toward them and followed up on their progress. A client's attitude toward goal setting, setting appropriate goals, and monitoring progress were reported to contribute to successful goal-setting interventions. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Goal setting is a dynamic process, dependent on the client, context, and practitioner. Setting the right type of goals with the client and following-up on their progress are important parts of the goal-setting process. Sport psychology practitioners should collaborate with clients through the goal-setting process, but also provide clients autonomy to select their own goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces the Leadership and Education for Advanced Practice Provider (LEAPP) fellowship, an innovative postgraduate program designed to address the shortage of qualified cystic fibrosis (CF) providers by offering specialized training across various CF care centers. Topics include the program's unique blended learning approach, its focus on leadership and quality improvement, and its potential application to other complex conditions requiring specialized care.

Simple Summary: Interdisciplinary rehabilitation more effectively promotes recovery from acquired brain injury than a single discipline approach. Little is known about the desirability and benefit of this approach for pediatric cancer patients. We show that an interdisciplinary approach within a specialized pediatric hematology/oncology hospital is manageable for caregivers of children with new cancer diagnoses. Parents found this approach helpful, including coordinated care planning, setting an interdisciplinary goal, parent brain injury education, cognitive assessment reports, and weekly cognitive intervention sessions. Parents wanted to have a peer mentor while managing new cancer diagnoses and later serve as a mentor for a newly diagnosed family. Other benefits of this approach should be explored. (1) Background: Intensive interdisciplinary rehabilitation services more effectively promote recovery from acquired brain injury than a single discipline approach. However, research literature is lacking regarding the perceived feasibility and utility of an interdisciplinary approach across disciplines for patients within a tertiary care pediatric hematology/oncology setting. (2) Methods: The Acute Neurological Injury (ANI) service applied an acquired brain injury/inpatient rehabilitation interdisciplinary approach to a pediatric hematology/oncology population, with a focus on interdisciplinary communication, shared goal setting, and coordinated transition planning. Caregivers whose children received coordinated ANI program care were interviewed regarding the perceived feasibility and utility of ANI program components. (3) Results: An interdisciplinary approach to a pediatric hematology/oncology population is feasible for caregivers and for providers of rehabilitation and psychosocial services within a tertiary care cancer hospital setting. Parents perceived benefits from aspects of this approach including coordinated interdisciplinary care planning, the implementation of an interdisciplinary goal, parent brain injury education, neuropsychological assessment reports, and weekly cognitive intervention sessions. Parents were interested in both having a peer mentor while managing new cancer diagnoses and later serving in a mentor role for a newly diagnosed family. (4) Conclusions: An interdisciplinary acquired brain injury approach to a pediatric hematology/oncology population is feasible with perceived benefits to families managing new cancer diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semantic segmentation is primarily employed to generate accurate prediction labels for each pixel of the input image, and then classify the images according to the generated labels. Semantic segmentation of building and water in remote sensing images helps us to conduct reasonable land planning for a city. However, many current mature networks face challenges in simultaneously attending to both contextual and spatial information when performing semantic segmentation on remote sensing imagery. This often leads to misclassifications and omissions. Therefore, this paper proposes a Dual-Branch Network with Spatial Supplementary Information (SPNet) to address the aforementioned issues. We introduce a Context-aware Spatial Feature-Extractor Unit (CSF) to extract contextual and spatial information, followed by the Feature-Interaction Module (FIM) to supplement contextual semantic information with spatial details. Additionally, incorporating the Goal-Oriented Attention Mechanism helps in handling noise. Finally, to obtain more detailed branches, a Multichannel Deep Feature-Extraction Module (MFM) is introduced to extract features from shallow-level network layers. This branch guides the fusion of low-level semantic information with high-level semantic information. Experiments were conducted on building and water datasets, respectively. The results indicate that the segmentation accuracy of the model proposed in this paper surpasses that of other existing mature models. On the building dataset, the mIoU reaches 87.57, while on the water dataset, the mIoU achieves 96.8, which means that the model introduced in this paper demonstrates strong generalization capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment BIG® (LSVT BIG®) improves motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's Disease, no reports exist for patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP). Objective: To describe the effect of LSVT BIG® on the motor symptoms of a participant with PSP. Case Description: The participant was a 74-year-old man with PSP. His goals were to improve limb movement, balance ability, and festinating gait over the 4-week LSVT BIG® program. Outcomes: All assessments of limb movement and balance ability showed improvements after intervention for the limb and gait subsections of the PSP rating scale. Scores improved from 9 to 5, and 8 to 6, respectively for the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part 3, from 30 to 21 and for the Berg balance scale (BBS), from 45 to 50 points. The improvements in UPDRS Part 3 and BBS exceeded the minimum detectable change values (7–8 and 2 points, respectively). After intervention, improvements in festinating gait and rapid walking pace were noted on the UPDRS Part 3 (2 to 1 point) and 10-meter walk test (1.65 m/s to 1.10 m/s). Conclusion: The intervention was effective for the participant but further studies with diverse populations are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although United Nations peace missions have played an important conflict management role for decades, a backlash against the post-Cold War model of 'liberal peacebuilding' and other recent developments have called their future into doubt. Some observers contend that a 'pragmatic turn' is now underway—a shift away from ambitious plans to transform war-torn societies into liberal democracies and towards more modest and realistic goals. Whether 'pragmatism' offers a viable alternative framework for peacebuilding, however, is less clear. This article challenges key assumptions of the pragmatic approach to peacebuilding, including the notion that UN missions can be 'agnostic' about the governance arrangements of societies that host these operations, as some proponents of pragmatism recommend. Historical case-studies show that such assumptions are integral features of collective conflict management systems, including UN peace missions. Moreover, a close examination of the pragmatist approach reveals that it, too, is based on such assumptions—namely, that building peace requires the promotion of pluralist societies and states. Pluralist peacebuilding, the article concludes, could offer a compelling foundation for future UN missions in an era of rising statist–authoritarianism, but developing this approach will first require discarding pragmatism's pretence of ideological agnosticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND While there is a recognized role of optimizing lifestyle (diet and physical activity) behaviours in the management of infertility, the best practice remains unknown and factors influencing the lifestyle of people with infertility are not well understood. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This systematic review evaluated barriers and enablers to a healthy lifestyle in people with infertility, from the perspectives of people with infertility and health professionals, in order to inform optimal behavioural change strategies. SEARCH METHODS Ovid MEDLINE(R), PsycINFO, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, and CINAHL were searched from inception to 28 August 2023. Eligible studies were qualitative and quantitative primary studies that explored barriers and/or enablers to lifestyle for infertility management. Quality assessment was performed using the Centre for Evidence-Based Management Critical Appraisal of a Survey Tool and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist. Data were analysed by thematic analysis with themes mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM-B) model and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). OUTCOMES After screening 12 326 abstracts and 99 full-texts, 27 studies were included (12 quantitative, 6 qualitative and 9 mixed-methods) with 22 studies of women with infertility (n = 2524), 11 studies of men with infertility (n = 1407), and 6 studies of health professionals (n = 372). We identified barriers and enablers relating to capability (e.g. strategies for behaviour change), opportunity (e.g. limited time, resources, and money), and motivation (e.g. interplay between lifestyle and emotional state). Based on the identified themes, suggested intervention components to integrate into lifestyle management of infertility include facilitating development of self-management skills to support lifestyle change (e.g. self-monitoring, action planning, and goal setting) and incorporating mental health strategies (e.g. providing information about the benefits of healthy lifestyle behaviours for mental health and encouraging patients to reframe healthy lifestyle behaviours as self-care strategies). WIDER IMPLICATIONS The findings have identified important factors that influence lifestyle management in people with infertility and have suggested relevant intervention components to consider when designing interventions. Given the paucity of qualitative studies identified, more research is needed to further understand the complex and interacting factors that shape lifestyle during the fertility journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of health misinformation has made the task of health communicators more difficult. However, the success of health messaging hinges not only on meaningful message content but also on the credibility of who is delivering the message. "Trusted messengers," like local leaders and community-based organizations, have a greater ability to influence improvements in community health, due to their shared cultural experience with their communities. Health communication agencies should empower trusted messengers with the tools they need to succeed in health communication. One tool critical for their success is a succinct health messaging framework to plan and implement health messaging. Marketing has "See, Think, Do"—a simple, practical framework used to influence consumer purchases. As a more trustworthy corollary, we propose the "Lights, Facts, and Goals" framework, a concise, authentic, and transparent method for planning, implementing, and assessing health messaging campaigns that influence health improvements. "Lights" refers to different methods of reaching communities like trusted messengers, advertisements, and text messages. "Facts" refers to key sourced scientific information relevant to a specific aspect of community health. "Goals" refers to actions community members can take to improve their health in connection with the communicated health facts. This article describes how the "Lights, Facts, and Goals" framework both simplifies the creation and communication of scientifically sound health messaging and strengthens the partnership between health agencies and trusted messengers in the community. Through "Lights, Facts, and Goals," community-based organizations, community leaders, and their partners will be more effective at improving community health through messaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing threat of accidental and malevolent blast loading to building structures has necessitated the consideration of blast-resistant design. Columns are the most vulnerable and critical component of a building, so they must be designed against blast to achieve defined performance goals. The influence of transverse rebar detailing on the ultimate capacity and failure modes of rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) columns against blast loads was investigated under different detonation scenarios. The performance of the columns was quantified using the failure charge mass and post-blast residual axial capacity. Pressure–impulse diagrams were used to study the failure modes. The analyses showed that special transverse detailing measures were the most effective for columns subjected to near-field surface bursts. The confinement of concrete due to ties and axial restraint played a critical role in improving the blast performance of columns. The provision of diagonal rebar improved the blast resistance by preventing direct shear failure, and was most effective when coupled with closely spaced lateral ties. Finally, the performance of code-compliant columns against blast was studied to determine the blast safety margin and the scenarios under which it would be necessary to undertake blast retrofitting of the columns in existing critical buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We compare Meaning Centered Psychotherapy (MCP) to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) • This is a randomized controlled trial in a natural setting with cancer survivors. • MCP was more effective than CBT in increasing meaning in life. • MCP and CBT were similarly effective in improving depression. • MCP and CBT were similarly effective in developing posttraumatic growth. Meaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP) has been found to be effective in improving meaning in life and increasing fulfillment in participants with cancer. However, to date, no previous studies have compared MCP with evidence-based treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The aim of this study was to analyze the differential efficacy of MCP, compared to CBT, in participants with cancer. The study is a randomized controlled trial with 76 participants, n = 41 (MCP) and n = 35 (CBT). At posttreatment, the MCP intervention for cancer survivors was more effective than CBT in increasing the presence of meaning in life, purpose and meaning in life, and life goals. Moreover, our results showed that, at posttreatment and the 6-month follow-up, MCP and CBT were similarly effective in improving depression and developing posttraumatic growth. This study suggests that MCP could be more effective than CBT in improving meaning in life, purpose, and life goals, and equally effective as CBT in improving depression and posttraumatic growth, in cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how eco-conscious citizens in urban China negotiate and practice citizenship in the everyday in response to the environmental and climate crises. Drawing on 45 in-depth interviews with participants in a 'zero waste' community and virtual observation, I explore how individuals articulate duties and rights, and act to claim their roles as green citizens. I argue that the changing socio-political conditions in China give rise to a particular type of green citizenship that is active, dutiful, pragmatic, and at the same time, gendered and classed. Motivated by a strong sense of duty toward nature and future generations, green citizens set realistic goals, commit to practicing sustainable consumption and building green families and communities. This form of citizenship, however, does not seek the expansion of rights and the enlargement of space for activism. This study offers fresh insights into research on citizenship, sustainable consumption and environmental activism in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Birds, cats, dogs, and horses are some of the creatures that have collaborated with humans in delivering public services. This assertion is known but insufficiently examined. To bring animals into the public affairs discourse, this article defines public service and employs a narrative approach to examine animals working with people in service delivery. Animals are shown to satisfy essential public needs—from helping to win wars to policing streets to providing support for people as diverse as nursing home residents and occupants of the White House. Animals also make significant contributions to public service by being inspirational, demonstrating how mutual effort can accomplish goals, advancing the concept of empathy, bringing out the importance of character ideals, spurring innovation, and generally adding value to the public administration ecosystem. These findings support future research to understand the nature of human-animal cooperation in achieving societal objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between the home literacy environment and reading motivation; however, their results are inconsistent. Limitations to previous studies include relying on parents' input concerning students' reading motivation, looking at only a few components of reading motivation, and focusing primarily on the characteristics of the home environment before children entered school. The aim of our research was to investigate how the active components of the home literacy environment in school-age children develop with age and to explore the relationship of these components with reading motivation. Our cross-sectional study included students in grades four, six, and eight and their parents (N = 729). We used a parent questionnaire to collect information on the home literacy environment, and a student questionnaire to collect data on reading motivation. In addition, the students completed a reading test. Our results showed a steady decline in the frequency of parents' reading support activities in higher grades and age differences in the range of factors that influenced the frequency of these activities. Performance goals predicted parental support to a small extent in grade four, and poor reading performance played a statistically significant yet minor role in grade six. In grade eight, parents shaped reading activities based on their own attitudes and habits. In general, weak correlations were found between parents' reading support activities and students' reading motivation in the studied grades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although the prevalence of dissociative disorders (DDs) is up to 10 percent of the general population, psychiatric-mental health (PMH) registered nurses lack education on how to care for individuals diagnosed with these disorders. METHOD Sixty-two PMH nurse educators completed an anonymous online survey about their perceptions of teaching DDs to nursing students. Braun and Clarke’s six-phase framework was used to conduct an inductive, reflexive thematic analysis of the data. RESULTS Three primary themes were identified: lack of resources, differing opinions on the value of teaching DDs, and stigma. CONCLUSION Though roughly 75 percent of participants reported that they teach DDs to their nursing students, they endorsed concerning misperceptions about the diagnoses. By failing to properly educate future PMH RNs about DDs, individuals with DDs are at risk of receiving inadequate and inappropriate nursing care and experiencing poor outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine physical therapists' perspectives in conservative treatments of pediatric patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). A cross-sectional survey design was used. A validated questionnaire was distributed to physical therapists, and the responses were analyzed. Preferred treatment frequency was 60 minutes (53.8%), twice weekly (41.5%), over 3 to 5 months (44.6%). Top 3 clinical interventions were core and trunk stability enhancement (90.8%), abdominal strengthening (83.1%), and postural correction (80.0%). Top 3 therapeutic goal-setting parameters were activity-based (78.5%), quality-of-life measure-based (56.9%), and participation-based (50.8%). The most common quality-of-life survey used was Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire (15.6%) followed by Scoliosis Research Society-22 instrument (12.5%). According to our data, physical therapists believe that pediatric patients with AIS can benefit with addressing core and trunk stability, a 60-minute per session, twice weekly, over 3 to 5 months based on activity-based goal-setting and quality-of-life measures using Oswestry questionnaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Sustainable Development Goals stipulate that persons with disabilities have equal rights to access and safely use transport systems. The aim of the current study is to explore stakeholders' perspectives of the relationship and prioritization between safety and accessibility in the Swedish discussion of disability and transport. The data consist of interviews with 15 informants from the National Council for Disability and Transport and other key stakeholders. Reflexive thematic analysis led to identification of four themes: basis for priorities is a matter of governing; challenges to measuring and evaluating different values; importance of knowledge and building forums; and a universal system of accessibility and safety is a challenge. The results indicate the road ahead for a possible holistic and sustainable governance in the transport systems. However, how this will be put into practise is not yet defined. Points of interest: According to several regulations, persons with disabilities have equal rights to safety and accessibility in the transport system. However, there are challenges to combining different concepts and perspectives. Lack of mandates for institutions to address both safety and accessibility leads to goal conflicts and a risk that focuses become entrenched with clearly defined boundaries. There are challenges in evaluating different values and perspectives in relation to accessibility. A facilitating aspect for sustainability regarding safety and accessibility is to create opportunities and systems to allow for the exchange of knowledge. Integration of safety and accessibility may be encouraged by the use of existing sets of holistic approaches (i.e. Vision Zero and Universal Design). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is currently a limited understanding of the identification, nature, and treatment of Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (AAN). Recent systematic reviews have identified only small numbers of candidate papers, and some areas lack any meaningful review so far – particularly treatment outcomes. A key issue is the lack of clarity in the literature regarding the definition of weight loss criteria. Objectives: This scoping review aimed to determine the nature and extent of our knowledge of AAN, in order to assist in the development of future systematic reviews and meta‐analyses, as well as indicating what further research is needed. Method: Following the identification of 6747 records, 317 records using the term AAN or a defined equivalent were identified from six databases, including the 'grey' literature. Results: Of the 317 studies, 111 provided participant characteristics, and only 10 provided discrete treatment outcomes. Each of these subsets of the data are tabulated and supported with supplementary material, so that future systematic reviewers can access this resource. Discussion: The pattern and content of the existing studies allows recommendations to be made regarding future reviews, research and clinical practice. There is a particular need for clear weight/weight loss criteria and adequate interventions. Highlights: Our identification of Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (AAN) and associated interventions lacks the evidence‐based clarity that can be provided by effective reviews of the field.Relatively few studies provide discrete characteristics or treatment outcomes of AAN.Guidance is outlined regarding reporting criteria for such studies for authors and journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To explore factors influencing career goals and goal attainment for pharmacy learners (eg, students, residents, fellows) who identify as part of the Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) community. Methods In late 2021 and early 2022, US-based pharmacy learners were invited to participate in two focus groups. In the first focus group, participants were asked to reflect on career goal influences, barriers, and facilitators. In the second focus group, participants were asked to provide suggestions for educational institution and healthcare organization improvement to support career goal attainment for learners in the BIPOC community. Focus group transcripts were coded using both deductive and inductive coding and thematic analysis. Results Fifteen learners were included in the first focus group, and 10 learners were included in the second. The most common career goal motivators were self-efficacy factors. Barriers and facilitators were often closely related. The most common barriers were financial, lack of representation, and lack of support. Common facilitators included mentorship and informal networking opportunities. Participants suggested multiple strategies for educational institutions and healthcare organizations to support BIPOC learner success, including genuine investment, representation, financial support, improved access to professional development opportunities, partnering with other professional organizations, and prioritizing diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives. Conclusion Institutions should prioritize effective, positive mentoring relationships and exposure to BIPOC professionals. Training programs and associations should consider improving financial support and lowering the cost of involvement to reduce barriers. All stakeholders should prioritize DEI in their organizational culture to promote career advancement of BIPOC learners and professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluate changes in two-wheel cycling skills and biking participation goals for children with neurodevelopmental disorders (ND) receiving a home visit and email following iCan Bike camp. Participants: 11 children with ND, 9–16 years, and one of their parents. A cycling skills checklist, two-wheel riding Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS), and biking participation GAS were completed before camp (T1), at support visit after camp (T2), and three months following camp (T3). Parents completed biking practice logs. Participants received a support visit to provide instruction, coaching, and address questions, and an email to check progress. Significant changes were made in two-wheel riding GAS T1 to T2 (p = 0.01), biking participation GAS T2 to T3 (p = 0.02), and cycling skills T1 to T2 (p = 0.01) and T2 to T3 (p = 0.02). Practice frequency was related to cycling skills (0.72, p = 0.01) and biking participation (0.86, p < 0.001); cycling skills were related to biking participation (0.81, p = 0.003). Children improved cycling skills and biking participation following camp, support visit, and email check-in. Children who practiced more had greater cycling skills and biking participation. Encouraging weekly bicycling and providing support may promote cycling skills and participation following camp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health in June 2022, many states restricted or banned abortion. Medical educators have focused on how this change impacts abortion training for residents, but schools must also adapt undergraduate medical education. Medical schools provide the foundation for future physicians' knowledge and attitudes on abortion. Comprehensive, high-quality abortion education for all medical students is essential for the future of abortion care. Here, we present how education champions can lead curricular improvements in abortion education in the preclinical, clerkship, and postclerkship phases of undergraduate medical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare inequity is a persistent systemic problem, yet many solutions have historically focused on "debiasing" individuals. Individualistic strategies fit within a competency‐based medical education and assessment paradigm, whereby professional values of social accountability, patient safety, and healthcare equity are linked to an individual clinician's competence. Unfortunately, efforts to realise the conceptual linkages between medical education curricula and goals to improve healthcare equity fail to address the institutional values, policies, and practices that enable structural racism. In this article, we explore alternative approaches that target collective and structural causes of health inequity. We first describe the structural basis of healthcare inequity by identifying the ways in which institutional culture, power and privilege erode patient‐centred care and contribute to epistemic injustice. We then outline some reasons that stereotypes, which are a culturally supported foundation for discrimination, bias and racism in healthcare, cannot be modified effectively through individualistic strategies or education curricula. Finally, we propose a model that centres shared values for leadership by individuals and institutions with consistency in goal setting, knowledge translation, and talent development. Figure 1 summarises the key recommendations. We have provided cases to supplement this work and facilitate discussion about the model's application to practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to younger adults, older adults show a reduced difference in memory between items they are directed to remember and items they are directed to forget. This effect may result from increased processing of goal-irrelevant information in aging. In contrast, healthy older adults are often able to selectively remember valuable information, suggesting preservation of goal-directed encoding in aging. Here, we examined how value may differentially affect directed-forgetting and memory for irrelevant details for younger and older adults in a value-directed remembering task. In Experiment 1, participants studied words paired with a directed-forgetting cue and a point-value they earned for later recognition. Participants' memory was then tested, either after an 8-min or 24-hr retention interval. In Experiment 2 words were presented in two colors and the recognition test assessed whether the participant could retrieve the incidentally-presented point value and the color of each recognized words. In both experiments, older and younger adults displayed a comparable ability to selectively encode valuable items. However, older adults showed a reduced directed-forgetting effect compared to younger adults that was maintained across the 24-hr retention interval. In Experiment 2, older adults showed both intact directed-forgetting and similar incidental detail retrieval compared to younger adults. These findings suggest that older adults maintained selectivity to value, demonstrating that aging does not impact the differential encoding of valuable information. Furthermore, younger and older adults may be similarly goal-directed in terms of item features to encode, but that instructions to forget presented items are less effective in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to define the characteristics of social innovators, measure the impact of social innovation, and investigate its effects on urban transformation in İzmir. The study is based on semi-structured interviews with 14 social innovators and conducted by adopting a conceptual framework. We identify the characteristics of ‘super citizens’ in the literature that can contribute to SI’s empowerment in cities. The first finding shows that these individuals are expected to have 8 characteristics: being an activist, a social entrepreneur, a mediator, having a wide network, organizing goal-oriented works, involving all actors in the process, producing new solutions focused on the subject and finally being able to keep up with the change. The second finding shows that they are the most important actors in sustaining urban development, and their projects have impacts on urban transformation from a city level to an international level. If the interaction mechanism between relevant actors is provided by the local government through the Penta-helix model, super citizens may become one of the primary stakeholders to promote SI and create a more sustainable urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nLay summary\nIMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICEThe overall purpose of this study was to describe the development of a personal development intervention for high-performance sport. More specifically, the primary objective of the study was to present the results of the co-design phases of the intervention development process. The academic research team initiated the process of intervention development, informed by a grounded theory and using a logic model and the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist for Population Health and Policy (TIDieR-PHP). During the co-design phases of intervention development, 28 participants (15 athletes, 8 coaches, 5 technical leaders) were engaged via focus groups or individual interviews. We used qualitative description methodology and analyzed data using an abductive content analysis procedure. Participant engagement helped inform the development of the intervention logo, activity bank, delivery format, scheduling, and individualized approach. By the end of the development phase, the intervention comprised five personal development strategies: self-awareness, goal setting, reflecting, perspective-taking, and evaluating.This paper describes the development of a personal development intervention for high-performance sport. It specifically focuses on presenting the results of the co-design phases of the intervention development process.Working collaboratively with end-users and stakeholders can help researchers to develop sport psychology interventions.Taking a sport-specific approach to design interventions can help researchers develop interventions that are tailored to end-users’ needs, age, and stage of development within a particular sport.Working collaboratively with end-users and stakeholders can help researchers to develop sport psychology interventions.Taking a sport-specific approach to design interventions can help researchers develop interventions that are tailored to end-users’ needs, age, and stage of development within a particular sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectives: Cannabis is the most widely used substance among people with recent onset psychosis, but it can have significant negative consequences for long term wellbeing in this cohort. We explored the perspectives of people with recent onset psychosis who used cannabis on their motivations for quitting, their experiences of trying to do so, and their views of the support they had received and the strategies that they had tried. Methods: Twenty one-to-one qualitative interviews were conducted with Early Intervention in Psychosis service users in England who had participated in the CIRCLE trial. Purposive sampling was used to recruit a mix of demographic, cannabis use status, and other characteristics. Results: Quitting cannabis is often very challenging for people and can require making substantial changes in their lives, including to their social relationships, living arrangements, or pathways through work or education. Participants reported wanting help, but often experienced support from mental health services as insubstantial and poorly tailored. Support from peers with relevant lived-experience, where available, was highly valued. Common reasons for quitting included its impact on key life goals or engaging with hobbies, finances, mental health, incompatibility with self-image, and negative use expectancies of intoxication. Concerns regarding mental health were primarily related to psychotic illness, including fear of exacerbating symptoms or experiencing future hospital admissions. Discussion: It is currently unclear how best to support people in this cohort. Interventions that provide support from people with relevant lived experience may be more valued and more clinically effective than current offerings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smartphones are highly complex machines serving multiple purposes. Although access to different applications may be a source of inspiration and may lead to increased well‐being, excessive screen time usage can lead to increased stress, reduced physical activity, and neck and shoulder discomfort. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of (a) goal setting, (b) turning off notifications, and (c) sharing information about screen time with peers on smartphone usage in a sample of young adults who reported interest in reducing their smartphone usage. Goal setting and turning off notifications for social media applications effectively reduced smartphone usage for five out of seven participants. Sharing information with peers did not lead to decreased smartphone usage. Follow‐up measures showed an increase in smartphone usage compared to the intervention phases. With only a few studies on strategies to reduce smartphone usage within behavior analysis, the current study expands the literature and provides directions for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to develop and examine a measure of self‐control strategies, proposed in the process model of self‐control. Across three studies (N = 1045), we developed and refined items, examined scale dimensionality and relationships with orbiting constructs, and assessed criterion‐related validity. Findings provide initial support for a 34‐item measure of six self‐control strategies: five strategies that were theoretically proposed in the process model and one that emerged empirically from our data. The proposed Self‐Control Strategies Scale was significantly correlated with other similar measures and demonstrated expected relationships with orbiting constructs and criterion‐related validity. This measure may be useful in expanding our understanding of different strategies beneficial for long‐term goal pursuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMethodResultsConclusionImpaired self-awareness (ISA) is common in individuals with an acquired brain injury (ABI) and can lead to reduced awareness of one’s difficulties. Previous reviews have found that ISA impacts on functional outcomes in rehabilitation. However, to date there has not been a systematic literature review which examines how ISA impacts on the process of rehabilitation in ABI populations.A literature search was conducted using several databases in May 2024, including Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsycARTICLES and APA PsycINFO. Seventeen articles were selected for the review and were analyzed using Narrative Synthesis.Four themes arose from the findings, including goal setting, treatment adherence, engagement and willingness to change and time spent in hospital. ISA was found to impact on the value adult ABI participants placed in rehabilitation, which decreased treatment compliance, motivation, and engagement. ISA also impacted on goal setting and behavior and resulted in a longer length of time spent in hospital.This review emphasizes the impact of ISA on various aspects/processes of rehabilitation in ABI and provides considerations of how clinicians might adapt interventions to manage these difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMethodsResultsConclusions\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONIn the BigMove intervention, people with physical and mental health conditions assess their functioning, set goals, and define action plans to achieve their goals recorded in an e-health application using all categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). This study investigates whether data from this application can provide insight into participants’ self-perceived functioning, goals and action plans and observe changes over time.Data from 446 participants were analysed with descriptive statistics to describe self-perceived functioning and the ICF categories related to the 15 most frequently chosen goals. Action plans were analysed using inductive analysis. Changes over time were investigated by comparing assessments before and after at least 4 months in the intervention.The data provided insight into the self-perceived functioning, goals and action plans. Also, changes over time were observed. Self-perceived functioning changed from being mainly negative before, to mainly positive after the intervention. While goals were mostly related to the same ICF categories, the action plans changed from more specific short-term to more general long-term plans.Our study demonstrates that all categories of the ICF can be used to record self-perceived functioning, goals and action plans and monitor changes over time.The complete International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) can provide a useful tool to record self-perceived functioning, goals, and action plans.Setting goals by using all ICF categories shows what is relevant to people themselves and can stimulate activities that foster functioning according to what people value.Assessments of self-perceived functioning, related goals, and action plans offer a novel approach to assessing health and comparing healthcare outcomes.The complete International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) can provide a useful tool to record self-perceived functioning, goals, and action plans.Setting goals by using all ICF categories shows what is relevant to people themselves and can stimulate activities that foster functioning according to what people value.Assessments of self-perceived functioning, related goals, and action plans offer a novel approach to assessing health and comparing healthcare outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Use multimodal functional imaging data. • Explore abnormalities in goal-directed and habitual-learning in patients with OCD. • Abnormal brain regions of goal-directed is associated with duration of illness. • Abnormal brain regions of goal-directed can distinguish the duration of illness. It is increasingly evident that structural and functional changes in brain regions associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) are often related to the development of the disease. However, limited research has been conducted on how the progression of OCD may lead to an imbalance between goal-directed and habit-learning systems. This study employs resting-state functional imaging to examine the relationship between illness duration and abnormal brain function in goal-directed/habitual-learning systems. Demographic, clinical, and multimodal fMRI data were collected from participants. Our findings suggest that, compared to healthy controls, individuals with OCD exhibit abnormal brain functional indicators in both goal-directed and habit-learning brain regions, with a more pronounced reduction observed in the goal-directed regions. Additionally, abnormal brain activity is associated with illness duration, and the abnormalities observed in goal-directed regions are more effective in distinguishing different courses of OCD patients. Patients with different durations of OCD have functional abnormalities in the goal-directed and habitual-learning brain regions. There are differences in the degree of abnormality in different brain regions, and these abnormalities may disrupt the balance between goal-directed and habitual-learning systems, leading to increasing reliance on repetitive behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bipolar disorder remains a disabling mental health condition despite the availability of effective treatments. Collaborative chronic care models (CCMs) represent an evidence-based way to structure care for conditions like bipolar disorder. Life Goals Collaborative Care (LGCC) was designed specifically for bipolar disorder, featuring psychoeducation alongside collaborative components (e.g. nurse care management or expert psychiatric consultation). Despite the use of Life Goals across health systems, a systematic review summarizing its effectiveness has never been conducted. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of LGCC through December 2023 to help guide the field in treating bipolar disorder (PROSPERO: #404581). We evaluated study quality and outcomes in several symptom and quality of life domains. Ten articles describing eight studies met inclusion criteria. All studies featured group-based LGCC; most were compared to treatment as usual (TAU). Three of eight studies found LGCC to be associated with statistically significant effects for the prevention of manic episodes. Most studies finding positive effects featured additional collaborative care components beyond psychoeducation and were conducted in capitated healthcare systems. Limitations include: several types of potential bias in included studies; exclusion of observational studies of LGCC; lack of generalizability to pediatric populations; insufficient studies to conduct subgroup analyses; and low confidence in the quality of the evidence. In this systematic review, group-based LGCC demonstrated some positive effects for reducing mania recurrence; results for other outcome domains were equivocal. Future studies should investigate one-on-one LGCC, both in person and virtually, to enhance well-being for people with bipolar disorder. • Bipolar disorder frequently requires attention to psychoeducation and care coordination. • Life Goals Collaborative Care (LGCC) is a treatment approach featuring psychoeducation and collaborative care components. • Findings from this systematic review of LGCC suggest that it may reduce mania recurrence among people with bipolar disorder. • LGCC findings in other outcome domains, including depression and health-related quality of life, were less consistent. • Based on the included studies, confidence in the quality of the evidence was low, pointing to the need for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Advance care planning is a process through which people communicate their goals and preferences for future medical care. Due to the complexity of the decision‐making process, decision aids can assist individuals in balancing potential benefits and risks of treatment options. Objective: While decision aids have the potential to better promote advance care planning, their characteristics, content and application effectiveness are unclear and lack systematic review. Therefore, we aimed to explore these three aspects and establish a foundation for future research. Design: Scoping review. Methods: This scoping review adheres to the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and the PRISMA‐ScR list. Six English‐language databases were systematically searched from the time of construction until 1 December 2023. Two researchers conducted the article screening and data extraction, and the extracted data was presented in written tables and narrative summaries. Results: Of the 1479 titles and abstracts, 20 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Types of decision aids were employed, mainly websites and videos. Decision aid's primary components center around 11 areas, such as furnishing information, exploring treatment and care preferences. The main manifestations were a significant increase in knowledge and improved recognition of patients' target value preferences. Among the aids, websites and videos for advance care planning have relatively high content acceptability and decision‐making process satisfaction, but their feasibility has yet to be tested. Conclusions: Decision aids were varied, with content focused on describing key information and exploring treatment and care preferences. Regarding application effects, the aids successfully facilitated the advance care planning process and improved the quality of participants' decisions. Overall, decision aids are efficient in improving the decision‐making process for implementing advance care planning in cancer and geriatric populations. In the future, personalised decision aids should be developed based on continuous optimization of tools' quality and promoted for clinical application. Reporting Method: The paper has adhered to the EQUATOR guidelines and referenced the PRISMAg‐ScR checklist. No Patient or Public Contribution: This is a review without patient and public contribution. Registration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/YPHKF, Open Science DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/YPHKF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]