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New technologies usually have potential, but their mode of action and long-term consequences are not always immediately apparent. This challenge can be met in an interdisciplinary way with approaches that integrate different perspectives. Young scientists have come together to work on meeting this challenge from an interdisciplinary perspective in the Young Forum of Technical Sciences: Technology that people really want. The aim is to support user-centred technology development based on interdisciplinary methods. Engineering, law, social sciences and the humanities can work together to shape technical developments in a way that leads to a form of technology that is adapted to the needs of society. Interdisciplinarity in research and development means mutual permeation of disciplines instead of mere coexistence. The aim is to promote interdisciplinary research groups and projects and to develop common methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a summary of the 10th International Conference on Inverse Problems in Engineering (ICIPE 22), which took place in May 2022 in Francavilla al Mare, Italy. The conference brought together applied mathematicians and engineers from various disciplines to collaborate and discuss the use of inverse analysis tools in fields such as manufacturing, medical imaging, and space applications. The event also honored Professor James V. Beck, who made significant contributions to parameter estimation and inverse heat transfer problems. The conference featured keynote addresses, lectures, and a tribute to Prof. Beck. The article expresses gratitude to the organizers, sponsors, reviewers, and the editor-in-chief of the Heat Transfer Engineering Journal. The 11th ICIPE conference will be held in Brazil in 2024. [Extracted from the article]

This paper proposes an inverse design scheme for resistive heaters. By adjusting the spatial distribution of a binary electrical resistivity map, the scheme enables objective-driven optimization of heaters to achieve pre-defined steady-state temperature profiles. The approach can be fully automated and is computationally efficient since it does not entail extensive iterative simulations of the entire heater structure. The design scheme offers a powerful solution for resistive heater device engineering in applications spanning electronics, photonics, and microelectromechanical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this framework, experimental tests on different battery technologies, BMS and cooling systems are extremely important to extend the battery life and BEV performance (Sehil et al. [[13]]). Electrical machines and magnetic components, high-voltage voltage power converters, and battery storage systems are some basic bricks to build an effective and efficient energy conversion environment. Electrical Machines and Power Converters The electrical power conversion from renewable energy sources plays a crucial role in the development of a sustainable society. Finally, the fil rouge of every contribution in this section is oriented to investigate the power converters, electrical machines, magnetic components, and battery storage systems in actual energy conversion applications for renewable energy sources integration by a modelling approach. [Extracted from the article]

Endo-1,4-β-xylanases belonging to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) 11 family hydrolyze the β-1,4-glycosidic linkages in the xylan backbone to convert polymeric xylan into xylooligosaccharides. GH11 xylanases play an essential role in sugar metabolism and are one of the most widely used enzymes in various industries, such as pulp and paper, food and feed, biorefinery, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. pH is a crucial factor influencing the biochemical properties of GH11 xylanase and its application in bioprocessing. For the optimal pH shifting of GH11 xylanase in industrial applications, various protein engineering studies using directed evolution, rational engineering, and in silico approaches have been adopted. Here, we review the functions, structures, and engineering methods developed for the optimal pH shifting of GH11 xylanases. The various GH11 engineering techniques and key residues involved in pH shifting are discussed based on their crystal and modeled structure. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in the characterization and engineering of GH11 xylanases, providing a guide for future research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper alloys are at the forefront of alloy innovation, as they possess outstanding strength and unparalleled electrical conductivity. This papers sequentially reviews current strategic approaches that have successfully balanced the attainment of both strength and conductivity in copper alloys in the Cu–Fe–Si system. These approaches involve fine-tuning the composition and utilizing hierarchical multi-scale microstructural templates. This work provides a comprehensive assessment of the important developmental stages of high-strength conductive copper alloys in the Cu–Fe–Si system. This study emphasizes the relationship between composition, microstructure, and mechanical and electrical properties by implementing a cost-effective rapid casting method with alloying procedures and conducting extensive electron microscopy for microstructural characterization. The full research yields valuable insights that may be used to optimize copper alloys for a wide range of applications that demand both strength and conductivity. Furthermore, the present study additionally enhances our understanding of the phase transformation events in the alloy system by including novel microstructural observations. The current paper also presents novel findings about sustainable performance and real-time engineering applications, specifically in connection to creep qualities and their link with microstructure. This paper explores the complex relationship between the composition of alloys and the process of refining their structure. The knowledge acquired provides a foundation for creating customized alloys that are well-positioned to suit the changing requirements of various industries, including aerospace and electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The double active bridge series resonant converter (DABSRC) has become a research hotspot in both scientific and engineering fields due to its high efficiency and high voltage gain characteristics demonstrated in energy storage systems and smart grid systems. In this paper, an improved linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) algorithm is proposed to improve the dynamic response performance of the DABSRC. Compared to the existing LADRC algorithms, the primary enhancements of the proposed LADRC involve optimizing the feedback control law and the introduction of error proportion in the linear extended state observer (LESO). These modifications effectively reduced the estimation error of perturbation of the LESO and consequently enhanced the stability and dynamic response performance of the converter. In the paper, simulations and experiments are conducted to investigate the performances of a DABSRC by using three different control strategies, that is, the PI controller, the traditional LADRC, and the improved LADRC proposed in this paper. The experimental results proved the feasibility and correctness of the improved LADRC strategy. The proposed algorithm is not only applicable to the DABSRC but also suitable for other converters to improve the dynamic response performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Injection molding is one of the most important polymer processing methods, and the traditional injection molding process cannot meet the high repeatability requirements necessary for the production of optical lenses. The impact of melt flow behavior and non-return valve closing behavior on injection molding repeatability is studied in this paper. A strategy of adjusting the closure behavior of the non-return valve is proposed, which can improve the repeatability of injection molding without the need for specific modifications to the injection molding machine. In this paper, variables such as the reversal action, reversal speed, forward movement action, and forward speed of the screw were investigated. It was found that the reversal action and forward movement action had the most significant impact on the closure stability of the NRV. Through the implementation of this process, injection molding repeatability can reach 0.019%. Highlights: The closing behavior of the NRV during the injection molding is investigated. A method for regulating the closing behavior of NRV is proposed. Injection molding repeatability can reach 0.019% under the regulating method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radius of investigation (ROI) is an essential parameter in many reservoir engineering applications. Inconsistencies and ambiguities still exist between different ROI evaluation methods, especially for the dual-porosity (DP) system representing naturally fractured reservoirs. This paper revisited the impact of inter-porosity flow in the DP system and presented ROI equations in the early and late flow periods based on the Laplace space solution of the Warren-Root dual-porosity model. A new comprehensive ROI expression for the DP system is derived which accounts for both storativity ratio ( ω ) and inter-porosity flow coefficient ( λ ). The new method in this paper reveals that the log-log plot of ROI vs. time for DP models exhibits two parallel straight lines linked by a smooth transition curve. The distance of these two straight lines is dependent on ω , and ROI in the intermediate flow period is highly dependent on the value of λ. The new ROI equation for the DP system can degenerate to similar ROI formula for the single-porosity system in early and late flow periods. Comparison analysis of the new method with other approaches is conducted and the validation of the new method is realized by analytical and numerical matching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBolted connections are widely used in the assembly of aeroengine casings, and the uniformity of residual pretension of bolts is considered one of the important criteria for evaluating the structural performance of bolted connections. This paper is based on the theory of elastic interaction between bolts, and constructs theoretical models of bolt group pre-tightening force for single bolt and double bolts pre-tightening during the pre-tightening process. This model can obtain the residual preload distribution of each bolt with known initial preload force, and re solve the initial preload force. During the analysis process, the influence of different pre-tightening sequences and pre-tightening steps on residual pre-tightening was analyzed. It was found that using specific pre-tightening sequences and increasing pre-tightening steps can effectively reduce the impact of elastic interaction on residual pre-tightening force of bolt groups. At the same time, the difference correction method is used instead of the reverse solution method to solve the initial pre-tightening force for the double bolts pre-tightening model, making the residual pre-tightening force of the bolt group more evenly distributed. In addition, this paper also conducted single step and multi-step bolt pre-tightening experiments and compared them with the theoretical model, fully proving the correctness of this model. The method of constructing the bolt pre-tightening theoretical model of the bolt group connection system in this paper can be widely applied to other aerospace bolted connection systems, effectively guiding the assembly process design, optimization, and improving the performance of the connection structure of actual aerospace engine casings in engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kirigami, the ancient art of paper cutting, has evolved into a design and fabrication framework to engineer multi‐functional materials and structures at vastly different scales. By slit cutting with carefully designed geometries, desirable mechanical behaviors—such as accurate shape morphing, tunable auxetics, super‐stretchability, buckling, and multistability—can be imparted to otherwise inflexible sheet materials. In addition, the kirigami sheet provides a versatile platform for embedding different electronic and responsive components, opening up avenues for building the next generations of metamaterials, sensors, and soft robotics. These promising potentials of kirigami‐based engineering have inspired vigorous research activities over the past few years, generating many academic publications. Therefore, this review aims to provide insights into the recent advance in this vibrant field. In particular, this paper offers the first comprehensive survey of unique mechanical properties induced by kirigami cutting, their underlying physical principles, and their corresponding applications. The synergies between design methodologies, mechanics modeling, advanced fabrication, and material science will continue to mature this promising discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of digital twins in bridge engineering is still vague and even confused with the Bridge Information Model (BrIM). Therefore, this study provides a detailed review of 42 papers related to digital twins in bridge engineering, focusing on a proper definition, key features and creation techniques for bridge digital twin (BDT). The paper also compares BDT and BrIM from the perspectives of their elements, features, fidelity, services provided, and degree of development. The applications of BDT at different life cycle stages are identified, and the related technologies are analyzed in detail. The results show that the research clusters of BDT are divided into geometric model generation, finite element model updating, and management and are focused on the operation and maintenance phase while lacking attention in the design and construction phase. Besides, a reference framework of BDT based on the life cycle of bridges is proposed, and directions for future research are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to evaluate Gauss quadrature rules arises in many applications in science and engineering. It often is important to be able to estimate the quadrature error when applying an ℓ -point Gauss rule, G ℓ (f) , where f is an integrand of interest. Such an estimate often is furnished by applying another quadrature rule, Q k (f) , with k > ℓ nodes, and using the difference Q k (f) − G ℓ (f) or its magnitude as an estimate for the quadrature error in G ℓ (f) or its magnitude. The classical approach to estimate the error in G ℓ (f) is to let Q k (f) , with k = 2 ℓ + 1 , be the Gauss-Kronrod quadrature rule associated with G ℓ (f). However, it is well known that the Gauss-Kronrod rule associated with a Gauss rule G ℓ (f) might not exist for certain measures that determine the Gauss rule and for certain numbers of nodes. This prompted M. M. Spalević [1] to develop generalized averaged Gauss rules, G ˆ 2 ℓ + 1 , with 2 ℓ + 1 nodes for estimating the error in G ℓ (f). Similarly as for (2 ℓ + 1) -node Gauss-Kronrod rules, ℓ nodes of the rule G ˆ 2 ℓ + 1 agree with the nodes of G ℓ. However, generalized averaged Gauss rules are not internal for some measures. They therefore may not be applicable when the integrand only is defined on the convex hull of the support of the measure. This paper describes a new kind of quadrature rules that may be internal also when generalized averaged quadrature rules are not. The construction of the new quadrature rules is based on theory developed by Peherstorfer [2]. Their application is particularly attractive when the rule G ˆ 2 ℓ + 1 is not internal, the integrand cannot be evaluated at all its nodes, and the integrand is inexpensive to evaluate at the quadrature points. Computed examples that illustrate the performance of the new quadrature rules introduced in this paper are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the unconventional light‐matter interactions between giant atoms and structured baths (i.e., lattices) are studied with either Hermitian or non‐Hermitian next‐nearest‐neighbor coupling terms. Essentially different dynamics of the atoms and the propagating field in the Hermitian and non‐Hermitian cases is revealed, which can be further engineered by tuning parameters such as the atomic transition frequency and the (synthetic) magnetic field associated to the coupling terms. The next‐nearest‐neighbor couplings play an important role in controlling the emission direction and the field distribution in the lattice, thus providing opportunities for tailoring exotic dipole–dipole interactions. The results in this paper have potential applications in, e.g., engineering unconventional quantum networks and simulating quantum many‐body systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It gives me great pleasure to explore and synthesize the unique and synergistic contributions of 14 articles for this important special issue, as well as to set future directions for the field of engineering education. Given that evidence‐based syntheses help shape key research advances in the medical, psychological, and educational fields, we sought papers that used state‐of‐the‐art methods for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses to explore fundamental topics in engineering education. We received many excellent manuscripts, and eventually accepted 14 for this special issue. They cover a range of topics, including reading and writing in engineering, the use of concept maps for assessment in engineering, and other key topics. Most papers used systematic review methods, while three used scoping reviews and bibliometric methods. However, none used meta‐analysis. Although this is surprising, it presents an opportunity to call for more rigorous experimental and quantitative research on key topics in engineering education. Experimental studies can uncover cause and effect relationships and enable researchers to draw inferences more easily. While I advocate for all traditions of rigorous research, the collection of reviews in this special issue points to a pressing need for more experimental studies in the field of engineering education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the relationship between conceptual engineering and the methodology of the Lvov-Warsaw School. While conceptual engineering is commonly seen as rooted in Rudolf Carnap's works and his method of explication, this paper argues that LWS predates and informs contemporary understanding of this methodology. The paper establishes that LWS not only engaged in but also systematically developed a method of conceptual revision aimed at enhancing clarity, precision, and coherence with specific theoretical frameworks. The analysis shows that LWS's approach to concepts combined both descriptive and normative methodologies to improve and adapt philosophical concepts to better address actual phenomena and certain theoretical or practical needs. This method, described by LWS members as ‘analysis and construction’, parallels contemporary conceptual engineering practices, particularly its so-called ‘narrow’ understanding focused on revising existing concepts rather than on merely introducing new ones. By tracing the historical trajectory of conceptual engineering back to LWS, this paper provides a deeper understanding of its foundational strategies and suggesting that LWS's methodology could serve as a guide for current and future philosophical projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: As a growing number of instructional units have been developed to promote young children's scientific and engineering practices (SEPs), understanding how to evaluate and assess children's SEPs is imperative. However, paper-and-pencil assessments would not be suitable for young children because of their limited reading and writing skills. To explore the assessments for SEPs available for young children aged 3–8 years, this study reviewed assessments of young children's SEPs reported in empirical studies, and analysed the characteristics of these assessments to delineate how young children's SEPs have been measured. Methods: We followed the procedures of a systematic review proposed by Zawacki-Richter et al. (2020). The EBSCOhost database was used to gather empirical studies in education and psychology. A total of 46 articles published from 2003 to 2020 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Findings: The findings indicated that of the eight SEPs suggested by the National Research Council (2012), Analysing and interpreting data was assessed the most, followed by Using mathematics and computational thinking, Constructing explanations and designing solutions, and Planning and carrying out investigations. A majority of assessments were designed for children of 4, 5, and 6 years old and used paper-based visualizations and real objects to present the tasks and items. Additionally, due to the verbal or performance nature of the SEPs, the assessments collected different types of data as evidence to evaluate children's SEPs. Performance-based assessments were the most common, followed by multiple-choice, ranking, and oral responses. Conclusion: The findings of the reviewed assessments revealed a variety of performance expectations of SEPs and suggested that some SEPs are measurable and developmentally appropriate for young children. Also, the availability of assessments is uneven in different types of SEPs, and more assessments for information communication and modelling practices are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Training both pre – and in-service teachers who are capable of planning and enacting engineering design–based science instruction are critical for integrating engineering into K-12 science curricula. Purpose: This study investigates pre-service teachers' efforts to integrate engineering into their lesson plans. Sample: 13 pre-service chemistry teachers, enrolled in a 13-week engineering-infused integrated STEM course, were the participants of the study. Design and Method: Considering the purpose of the study, qualitative design was deemed to be the best fit including qualitative data collected through lesson plans and reflection papers. To assist pre-service teachers' learning, 13-week engineering-infused integrated STEM was started with the information about the engineering profession and how engineers work. Additionally, pre-service teachers engaged in six integrated STEM activities including engineering design cycle. After each activity, the participants were asked to write a reflection paper on what they learned about engineering, the engineering design process, and integrated STEM. Finally, the participants had three chances for analyzing strong and weak integrated STEM lesson plans and planning integrated STEM lesson planning experience with mentors. The pre-and post-course lesson plans (n=26) were analyzed using existing codes from the related literature, which is a deductive coding process. Later, an inductive approach was used to determine the categories of engineering integration into the lesson plans. Four categories (ranging from a complete engineering lesson to a science lesson with no engineering link) were formed. Reflection papers were used to support the findings. Result: The results showed that none of the pre-plans included engineering. However, after participated in a 13-week integrated STEM course, all post-course lesson plans integrated engineering through the use of engineering design processes to some extent. Conclusion: The training with different experiences seems promising for pre-service teachers to learn engineering integration into STEM lesson plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past decades, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have increasingly been used in a wide variety of missions that range from surveillance to delivery. Unlike aircraft that always carry goods and passengers from an airport to another, UAVs do not systematically implement the same type of mission. UAVs are indeed multi‐mission during their time in operation, and the systems engineering approaches developed for one mission aircraft must be adapted to the multi‐mission context. Therefore, UAV design requires application of mission engineering upstream systems engineering, either to assess there is a UAV system that may accomplish a new mission, or to specify a new UAV system according to a given mission. To achieve that goal, the authors of the paper support the use of Model‐Based Mission Engineering. A three‐layer architecture ‐ purpose, operation, functions or capabilities ‐ is proposed as a design framework for missions. The Goal‐Oriented Requirements Language (GRL) serves as mission description language. The paper extends GRL to better address mission‐based design of UAVs. It is proposed to distinguish between internal and external resources. A goal detailing mechanism is introduced. A degraded mode evaluation becomes possible. GRL tools make it possible to evaluate how much a UAV system ‐ at least, an operator, a ground station, and a UAV ‐ may satisfy every stakeholder in both nominal and degraded modes. The proposed approach is applied to a high voltage surveillance UAV. The case study enables the introduction of four actors—Authority, Client, UAV and MissionSupervisor—that turn out to be generic and can be reused for other missions and UAV designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stress of surrounding rock and supporting structure is very complicated during the construction of a loose rock tunnel. The characteristics analysis of collapse arch is very important for the construction safety. This paper compares and analyzes the applicability of the full section method and the three-step method under shallow buried loose surrounding rock, reveals the influence law of tunnel excavation height span ratio on the stability of a pseudo-collapse arch of surrounding rock under shallow buried loose surrounding rock, and rationally chooses the three-step method as the dominant construction method of tunnel construction under this geological condition. For the three-step construction method, the optimization study of the excavation height of the upper step is carried out, the relationship between the excavation height of the tunnel and the stress concentration area under the condition of shallow buried loose surrounding rock is revealed, the influence of surrounding rock stress release on the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock is explored, and the damage of tunnel rock mass caused by the stress concentration phenomenon is analyzed. It is determined that the optimal excavation height of the upper step is 0.4H under the geological conditions of the DS project in Sichuan province, China, under construction. This paper analyzes the influence of structural plane spacing on the stability of a tunnel collapse arch under shallow buried loose conditions and reveals the law that the smaller the structural plane spacing, the worse the self-bearing capacity of the collapse arch, and the higher the risk of engineering accidents such as rock collapse or even collapse in the tunnel, which effectively guides the safe construction of the tunnel under shallow buried loose geological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) and its variants, such as M-type chainwise-STIRAP, allow for efficiently transferring the populations in a multilevel system and have widely been used to prepare molecules in their rovibrational ground state. However, their transfer efficiencies are generally imperfect. The main obstacle is the presence of losses and the requirement to make the dynamics adiabatic. To this end, in the present paper, a new theoretical method is proposed for the efficient and robust creation and detection of deeply bound molecules in three-level Λ-type and five-level M-type systems via "Invariant-based shortcut-to-adiabaticity." In the regime of large detunings, we first reduce the dynamics of three- and five-level molecular systems to those of effective two- and three-level counterparts. By doing so, the major molecular losses from the excited states can be well suppressed. Consequently, the effective two-level counterpart can be directly compatible with two different "Invariant-based Inverse Engineering" protocols; the results show that both protocols give a comparable performance and have a good experimental feasibility. For the effective three-level counterpart, by considering a relation among the four incident pulses, we show that this model can be further generalized to an effective Λ-type one with the simplest resonant coupling. This generalized model permits us to borrow the "Invariant-based Inverse Engineering" protocol from a standard three-level Λ-type system to a five-level M-type system. Numerical calculations show that the weakly bound molecules can be efficiently transferred to their deeply bound states without strong laser pulses, and the stability against parameter variations is well preserved. Finally, the detection of ultracold deeply bound molecules is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the attitude synchronization issue of multi-spacecraft formation flying systems under the limited communication resources. Design/methodology/approach: The authors propose a distributed learning Chebyshev neural network controller (LCNNC) combining a dynamic event-triggered (DET) mechanism and a learning CNN model to achieve accurate multi-spacecraft attitude synchronization under communication constraints. Findings: The proposed method can significantly reduce the internal communication frequency and improve the attitude synchronization accuracy. Practical implications: This method requires the low communication resources, has a high control accuracy and is thus suitable for engineering applications. Originality/value: A novel DET mechanism-based LCNNC is proposed to achieve the accurate multi-spacecraft attitude synchronization under communication constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that the failure to implement state technical education in Bolivia was one of the reasons for the country’s economic backwardness. The work makes a key contribution to the history of Bolivian education as it studies aspects not dealt with in the literature so far. First, it details the chronology of the development of technical education in Bolivia and analyses the types of education offered by the State. Second, it looks at the scope of the technical education that was available and whether this adapted to the need for specialised labour that the country’s production activities – which were still pre-industrial – may have had in the nineteenth century. Primary archival sources and periodical publications of the time have been used for this analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims, from the perspective of the recovery of sustainability, to develop a framework on sustainability and innovation in the formation of engineers in the courses of Engineering in the Brazilian Amazon. Design/methodology/approach: For this work, a quantitative approach was adopted in the research process. A survey instrument was developed from the main evidence in the literature, the electronic instrument in Google Forms, was sent in the period from November 2022 to February 2023 to engineering students from public institutions in the Brazilian eastern Amazon, who had 80% of the course completed and graduates. Findings: Of the students and graduates who responded to the survey, 58% are male and 42% female, with an average age of 24 years, 72% who have the 8th semester, 28% graduates. As for the practices, they stand out with the highest average degree of agreement in the innovation aspect formation of partnerships and fostering creativity and innovation; in the sustainability aspect the study of sustainability helps to understand the environmental, social and economic challenges and importance of training for sustainability and innovation; in the sustainable recovery aspect, the interaction between university and local community and new research can contribute to the recovery of sustainability and in the SDGs 6 and 8. Originality/value: This paper presents the perceptions of engineering students and graduates from the Brazilian Amazon, which is considered one of the most strategic regions for the country and internationally in terms of environmental challenges. The main evidence shows that there is a need to adapt academic curricula, seeking to focus on projects that promote participation and the creation of trends aimed at social problems and the current demands of the society in which they are inserted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Densified superwood, a renewable material being developed for lightweight structural applications, requires effective methods for joining to metallic materials like aluminum. While adhesive bonding provides high joint strength, its limited elongation during lap shear tensile testing poses challenges for automotive applications. This paper presents an experimental study on self-pierce riveting (SPR) and riv-bonding (a combination of SPR and adhesive bonding) for joining superwood to aluminum. SPR successfully joins superwood to aluminum alloys, achieving reasonable strength (about 1-kN load) and significantly higher elongation (about 2-mm displacement) compared to adhesive-only bonds. Riv-bonding, which combines the advantages of both methods (about 5-kN load and about 4-mm displacement), offers an effective solution for superwood-to-aluminum joints for structural applications. The study reports the effects of rivet geometry, insertion speed, superwood coating, pre-drilling, and adhesive curing to identify optimal procedures for SPR and riv-bonding in these applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Precise forecasting of satellite temperature interval prediction is essential for assessing the reliability and health of satellites. Yet, traditional methods for quantifying uncertainty often fall short when it comes to the intricate challenge of satellite temperature prediction, leading to less accurate estimates. Consequently, there is a pressing need to refine the accuracy of uncertainty quantification by readjusting the uncertainty outcomes. This paper presents a sophisticated approach to calibrating model uncertainty for satellite temperature forecasting, utilizing Monte Carlo dropout (MCD) and quantile calibration techniques. The MCD technique is used to estimate model uncertainty by generating samples of the output distribution. Simultaneously, the quality of uncertainty estimation is improved by fine‐tuning the quantile levels through quantile calibration, leading to a more precisely calibrated forecast interval. The effectiveness of this proposed methodology is confirmed through two simulation scenarios and a practical engineering application, showing that the calibrated forecast interval's coverage probability is more closely aligned with the desired confidence levels, thus enhancing the credibility of the projected uncertainty range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a solution to the new fractional-order Lorenz–Stenflo model using the adaptive predictor–corrector approach and the ρ -Laplace New Iterative Method ( L ρ N I M ), representing an extensive comparison between both techniques with RK4 related to accuracy and error analysis. The results show that the suggested approaches allow one to be more accurate in analyzing the dynamics of the system. These techniques also produce results that are comparable to the results of other approximate techniques. The techniques can, thus, be used on a wider class of systems in order to provide more accurate results. These techniques also appropriately identify chaotic attractors in the system. These techniques can be applied to solve various numerical problems arising in science and engineering in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating an optimized efficiency of an engine is crucial for minimizing wastage. The simple two level heat engine was introduced to calculate the efficiency at maximum power.In this paper, we explore the optimum efficiency of a simple two-level heat engine that consists of two distinct energy levels coupled with two thermal baths with distinct temperatures. By employing unified energy converter criteria, we determine the optimized efficiency under two optimum operations scenario, situated between the maximum and minimum efficiency values. The minimum efficiency is associated with either zero efficiency or efficiency at maximum power. We further express the optimum efficiency in terms of scaled parameters such as power-wise, period-wise and efficiency-wise as a function of Carnot efficiency. Finally, a figure of merit is introduced to evaluate overall engine performance, reveals that the second optimization criterion exhibits better performance compared to the first criterion with the entire range of Carnot efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In nineteenth-century Rome, heavy rains were common, particularly during the autumn. The average depth of rain in Rome during the period 1862-1877 was greater than, for example, London. In Rome there were, however, huge seasonal fluctuations in this value. There was a considerable difference in rain content between the wettest and the driest month of the year, and sometimes extremely heavy rains concentrated in just a few hours. These variations between dry summers and wet autumns/winters presented challenges to the Hydraulic Service of Rome. Since 1870, the city has experienced rapid urban growth accompanied by a process of renewal and building of new vital infrastructure, such as combined sewers, which were intended both to drain the city and to remove the city's sewage. It was, however, challenging to integrate these two different tasks into a fixed infrastructure in a city with vast seasonal variations in water flow. Rome's sewers, at times, struggled to cope with the overabundance of water during autumn and winter days with consequent flooding of the lowest parts of the city as pure water was flushed throughout the network to remove waste and sewage during the summer. The paper concludes that the engineering model underlying the construction of Rome's combined sewers was derived from the experience of cities with a different climate, such as Paris and London, but proved less effective in the context of a Mediterranean city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excavation of the super-large cross-section tunnel portal section is prone to causing serious engineering distresses. The key factors to ensure the safe construction of portal section are to clarify the construction mechanic characteristics and select a reasonable construction scheme. In this paper, a bidirectional six-lane expressway tunnel in Southwest China was selected as an engineering case. Three excavation schemes, namely, the three-bench seven-step excavation method (TEM), the central diaphragm method (CDM), and the double side drift method (DSDM), were compared and analyzed. Findings revealed that due to the effect of the asymmetrically loaded and super-large cross-section, the surrounding rock deformation and supporting structure stress at the deep buried side were greater than those at the shallow buried side. The CDM and DSDM could reduce the tunnel span and provide temporary support in time, which could effectively control the surrounding rock deformation and improve the structural stress and the slope stability. According to the topographic condition, the excavation sequence of the DSDM was optimized. Excavating the shallow buried side drift first could alleviate the surrounding rock deformation and improve the slope stability in the early stage of construction. Finally, the optimal excavation scheme was successfully implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rockburst prediction has important significance for individual safety in deep geologic engineering. To accurately predict the rockburst-intensity level, this paper proposes a rockburst prediction method via multiscale graph convolutional neural network. In the method, six rockburst indicators of each rockburst are utilized as a rockburst sample, and data segmentation oversampling of rockburst samples solves the unbalanced class-distribution problem of rockburst-data samples. The similarity perception for capturing similarity structure relationships of rockburst samples in Euclidean space is given, and a novel indicator correlation constraint of the similarity relationships with multiple rockburst criteria is designed, which can reduce the structure distortion of Euclidean space. By integrating the perception and the constraint, criterion-constrained graph structure data are constructed under the graph neural network framework. On the basis of the graph data, a multiscale graph convolutional neural network is further proposed, and multiscale information with the topology structure and criterion-constrained relationships can be effectively captured by the network, which can achieve the accurate prediction of the rockburst-intensity level. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by extensive experiment analysis. Highlights: Give similarity perception to measure the rockburst similarity for similar structural relationships of rockburst samples in Euclidean space. Design a novel indicator correlation constraint with multiple rockburst criteria to reduce the structure distortion of Euclidean space. Construct criterion-constrained graph structure data by integrating the perception and the constraint. Propose a multiscale graph convolutional neural network based on the data, which achieves accurate prediction of rockburst-intensity levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Squeezed reservoir engineering is a powerful technique in quantum information that combines the features of squeezing and reservoir engineering to create and stabilize non-classical quantum states. In this paper, we focus on the previously neglected aspect of the impact of the squeezing phase on the precision of quantum phase and amplitude estimation based on a simple model of a two-level system (TLS) interacting with a squeezed reservoir. We derive the optimal squeezed phase-matching conditions for phase ϕ and amplitude θ parameters, which are crucial for enhancing the precision of quantum parameter estimation. The robustness of the squeezing-enhanced quantum Fisher information against departures from these conditions is examined, demonstrating that minor deviations from phase-matching can still result in remarkable precision of estimation. Additionally, we provide a geometric interpretation of the squeezed phase-matching conditions from the classical motion of a TLS on the Bloch sphere. Our research contributes to a deeper understanding of the operational requirements for employing squeezed reservoir engineering to advance quantum parameter estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas turbines play a core role in clean energy supply and construction of comprehensive energy system, and the control performance of primary frequency modulation (PFM) of gas turbine has a great impact on the frequency control of the power grid. However, there are some control difficulties in the PFM control of gas turbines, such as the coupling effect of fuel control loop and speed control loop, slow tracking speed and large variation of operating conditions. To relieve the above difficulties, a control strategy based on the fuzzy-modified active disturbance rejection control (F-MADRC) proposed in this paper. Based on the analyses of the parameter stability region for active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), fuzzy tuning rules of parameters for F-MADRC are designed. Finally, the proposed F-MADRC is applied to the PFM system of MS6001B heavy-duty gas turbine. The simulation results show that the gas turbine unit with the proposed method can obtain the best control performance of the PFM with strong ability to deal with system uncertainties. The proposed method shows good engineering application potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium alloy, as an essential structural material, has gained significant attention across a multitude of applications owing to its exceptional overall performance. To obtain desirable mechanical performance, titanium alloys with lamellar microstructure through multi-step thermomechanical processing are indispensable for acquiring the globular morphology providing the balance between strength and ductility. Although the sluggish globularization process emerges as a critical challenge in recent overview, less related reviews aiming at rapid globularization kinetics has been reported. This paper reviews the novel methods of accelerating globularization kinetics including strain path changes, the addition of second-phase particles, and in situ globularization of advanced technology. In addition, the in-depth reasons such as the crystallographic and geometrical orientation of α phase, deviation angle from Burgers orientation relationship (BOR), slip systems of α phase, and co-evolution of α phase and β phase are exactly investigated. Furthermore, the simulation of globularization behavior is also summarized. Finally, the outlook and conclusion are provided to help point out the innovative directions for accelerating globularization kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the tunnel passed through a water-rich stratum, the Water Rock Interaction could cause damage to the rock, which had adverse effects on the tunnel engineering. When the water environment changed, a great risk existed in the tunnel during construction. In this paper, Water Rock Interaction was classified as water rock physical interaction, water rock chemical interaction, and water rock mechanical interaction, which is significantly affected by temperature and humidity. Then, the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of rock under the dry-wet cycle and freeze-thaw cycle were summarized. The influence on tunnel stability was analyzed by the classification of water damage in the tunnel. Finally, the waterproof and drainage systems of tunnel engineering were summarized, and future research directions were put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predicting the mechanical response of materials subjected to transient heat processes is crucial in various engineering applications. This paper introduces a novel peridynamic (PD) coupled field model formulated within the framework of Non-Ordinary State-Based Peridynamics (NOSBPD). This model offers the capability to simulate the coupled thermo-mechanical behavior of materials by incorporating both thermal transport and mechanical deformation analyses. To verify the model's accuracy, a benchmark problem involving a steel plate undergoing transient thermal expansion is investigated. This model presents a valuable tool for various engineering applications involving coupled thermo-mechanical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This article proposes a class of asymmetric 2 × n resistor network model which contains multiple independent resistors; the study of asymmetric resistor network models is a challenge. We conducted in‐depth research on this issue using the RT‐V theory (Chinese Physics B, 2017, 26(9): 090503) and achieved new theoretical breakthroughs. This paper derived five original equivalent resistance formulae for this asymmetric 2 × n circuit network and also discusses the analytical expressions for equivalent resistance in different special cases, and several interesting results have been derived, indicating that the original resistance formula has powerful functionality. Finally, visual graphics of two types of equivalent resistances are provided using MATLAB drawing tools, which reveals the law of equivalent resistance changing with resistance variables. The research theory and technology in this article will provide a new theoretical basis for related scientific, engineering, and simulation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In engineering systems, the interaction among risk factors is easy to make the negative impact caused by independent factors propagate throughout the overall system. This propagation can result in chain failures and compromise the stability of engineering systems. Therefore, this paper develops a risk assessment model for complex systems to deal with risk propagation. Firstly, a framework of risk factors in complex systems is established based on a comprehensive review of existing literature. Subsequently, an improved DEMATEL – TAISM method based on the cloud model is integrated to develop a hierarchical network analysis model. This model offers evaluation metrics such as factor cause degree, integrated importance values, hierarchical centrality, and critical transmission paths according to complex network theory. To validate the model, we apply it to a practical case study, allowing us to determine the causative attributes of each risk factor, identify key factors, and outline critical risk pathways. The results reveal multiple linkages among risk factors within complex engineering systems, demonstrating the model's applicability and effectiveness. These findings assist engineering managers in developing targeted risk prevention strategies, enhancing risk management efficiency, and contribute to the understanding of dynamic risk propagation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In engineering fracture problems, cracks tend to interact with each other rather than exist singly. In recent years, the phenomenon of multi-cracking has received attention from both academia and industry. This article firstly emphasizes the importance and research trends of crack interactions. The article then discusses the experimental observation and theoretical modeling of the multi-crack problem and compares the different numerical methods in detail. Finally, this paper offers a comprehensive summary and in-depth analysis of the advancements in multi-crack fracture mechanics, aiming to provide reliable support for solving the multi-crack problem in engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the effect of capacitive discharge of low-temperature plasma on the main characteristics of medical nonwovens based on polypropylene. The modes of plasma modification of nonwoven materials are established, at which an increase in absorbency of fabrics by 20.1–106.9% is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper compares two methods of the carbon fiber surface cleaning for their following modification and more complete realization of its physical and mechanical properties. The aim of the work is to identify the optimal method of pre-modification of carbon fiber, which in the future will be used as a filler of polymer binder in the composite. The results demonstrate successful surface cleaning, preservation of the level of physical and mechanical properties of fibers, increase of capillarity index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses issues related to global climate change. It’s identified that climate change is associated with global warming, caused by a sharp increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Climate warming is accompanied by intense snowmelt and water evaporation. The cloud cover that accumulates in the atmosphere contains a tremendous amount of water, which falls as prolonged heavy rainfall, leading to catastrophic floods accompanied by mudflows, landslides, and erosion processes. The authors developed simple, reliable, and relatively inexpensive protective structures used during floods, mudflows, and landslides. Additionally, new designs for coastal protection were developed. The construction of these structures utilizes waste materials such as recycled tires and reinforced concrete sleepers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study that explores the genres, tasks, and the relationship between them in the context of undergraduate engineering education. We build upon previous research on the information behaviors of engineers, by focusing on undergraduates' self‐reported information use in order to understand how they interact with genres and perform tasks. We compiled and validated genre and task repertoires using an online questionnaire with 103 undergraduates. To analyze the responses, we employed exploratory data analysis techniques, including correspondence analysis and cluster analysis. We interpreted three latent dimensions of the genre–task relationship: disciplinary versus education (Dimension 1); classroom versus independent coursework (Dimension 2); and conceptual versus procedural knowledge (Dimension 3). The distinction between the educational function of genres and tasks that support teaching and learning and those that support the socialization of students into the discipline and profession accounted for the majority of the variance in the dataset. The use of genres across tasks revealed that respondents prefer proximal and accessible information, and that personal and less formal genres are central to the learning experience. Findings provide insights into how undergraduates navigate complex information environments and interact with genres and tasks in their coursework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The failure of bearings is a prevalent cause of machinery breakdowns. The rapid development of intelligent technology has significantly promoted the use of deep learning techniques for identifying problems with machinery bearings. To achieve accuracy, deep learning-based diagnostic techniques require a substantial and uniformly diversified amount of training data. However, obtaining artificial labels for bearing fault data poses a major obstacle in engineering practice. This paper proposes an intelligent fault diagnosis method for bearings based on an improved convolutional neural network (CNN) to address the challenges of small training data and imbalanced distribution. To enable intelligent diagnosis of bearings with a small sample and imbalanced distribution, a clustering loss layer is introduced into the CNN. Furthermore, we optimize the parameters of the CNN by utilizing back-propagation of both the clustering loss function and the cross-entropy loss function. This optimization process improves the accuracy of fault diagnosis. Finally, the proposed method is applied to diagnose bearing faults and analyze the simulation results. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in handling small data volumes and imbalanced data distributions, as well as its strong generalization performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]