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The paper explores the complex interplay between economic development and environmental sustainability in the context of India's pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It examines the inherent contradictions and trade-offs involved, particularly in agriculture, industrialisation, and infrastructure sectors. The paper highlights how economic growth, essential for improving living standards, often conflicts with environmental objectives. The paper underscores the importance of integrating economic, environmental, and social objectives to achieve a sustainable and inclusive future for India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the economic policies adopted by the Indian government under different policy regimes, provides a political economy perspective of economic growth in the country during 1950–2020 and examines the inclusiveness of the rapid economic growth in recent decades. The growth performance of the economy improved as the economy moved from inward-looking policy regime to the regimes of pro-business and pro-market policies. India's political economy was supportive of the changes in policy regime. After growing at a sluggish rate during the first three decades after 1950–1951, the gross domestic product (GDP) growth accelerated significantly after the pro-business reforms in the 1980s, and there was further acceleration after the pro-market reforms since 1991–1992. It has, however, slowed down in recent years. Nevertheless, it has not been inclusive, as the benefits of growth have not reached all sections of the population and all regions of the country equally. On the contrary, disparities in income across regions and inequalities in income, wealth and consumption among individuals have exacerbated, and the problems of unemployment and poverty have been persisting in the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines the dynamic linkage between financial development and economic growth by taking saving as an intermediary variable in the case of India using annual data from 1970 to 2018. The result indicates the existence of long‐run cointegrating relationship between financial development economic growth. Result from the long run granger causality test reveals unidirectional causal flow from economic growth, savings (both total and private savings) and financial development. On the other hand, financial development also causes economic growth but not through savings. The short‐run causality test results show that economic growth granger causes financial development, but there is no causal flow from financial development to economic growth. Economic growth Granger causes savings (both domestic and private savings) but the savings does not cause economic growth. Bidirectional causalities run from financial development to savings and vice versa. The study concludes that savings can be taken as an important intermediary to run tri‐variate financial‐growth nexus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of stock markets in the financial sector has been important. The expansion of stock markets has compelled various researchers to analyze its relationship with the economic process and development of countries. The studies have revealed that the performance of stock markets in a nation has a positive correlation to its economic growth. Bearing this relationship in mind, studies are being undertaken to recognize the elements responsible for stock market development in several nations. The researchers all around the world are trying to better understand determinants so that government establishments can create and target policies that may help the development of stock markets which further helps in economic development of the state. Throughout the past three decades, the global stock markets surged, and emerging markets played a vital role in this boom. Recent researches have begun to concentrate on the linkages between the stock markets and economic development. There has been an extensive analysis of the connection between the stock market and economic growth, but there is a dearth of theoretical empirical proof on what determines stock exchange development. Keeping in view the importance of stock markets in the development of economic development, the researchers in the present study have tried to bring out the factors that play a positive role in the development of stock market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financial growth of the region and the whole country can be broadly indicated by the macroeconomic factors. These factors are "geopolitical, environmental or economic event" by which the monetary stability of the country and its economy is highly influenced. The economic growth of the region shows ups and down due to these macroeconomic factors and this fluctuation can be "inside and outside" of control of the government and their citizen. The events that change the financial outlook of the country including its rural areas are all described the variables known as macroeconomic factors. There is a cyclical pattern that includes economic growth and recession and the people from different professions address these factors to know the finance related policies to maintain their financial stability. The study had reviewed macroeconomic factors in rural development in India and concludes that there are many significant consequences of macroeconomy development for agriculture sector and the main factor that links this sector to global macroeconomy are "exchange rates, international trade, foreign and domestic income, employment, interest rates, and energy costs". The macroeconomic changes at domestic and international level can bring in major shifts in the values of these indicators which in turn alter the agricultural price, production, consumption and trade of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns regarding environmental sustainability have generally been an important element in achieving long-term development objectives. However, developing countries struggle to deal with these concerns, which all require specific treatment. As a result, this study explores the interaction between financial development, renewable energy consumption, technological innovations, and CO2 emissions in India from 1980 to 2019, taking into account the critical role of economic progress and urbanization. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is used to quantify long-run dynamics, while the Vector Error Correction Model is used to identify causal direction (VECM). According to the study's conclusions, financial development has a considerable positive impact on CO2 emissions. The coefficient of renewable energy consumption and technical innovations, on the other hand, is strongly negative in both the short and long run, indicating that increasing these measures will reduce CO2 emissions. Furthermore, economic expansion and urbanization have a negative impact on environmental quality since they emit a significant amount of CO2 into the atmosphere. The results of the robustness checks were obtained using the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), and the Canonical Cointegration Regression (CCR) approaches to verify the findings. The VECM results reveal that there is long-run causality in CO2 emissions, financial development, renewable energy utilization, and urbanization. A range of diagnostic tests were also used to confirm the validity and reliability. This study delivers new findings that contribute to the existing literature and may be of particular interest to the country's policymakers in light of the financial system and its role in environmental issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]