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This project interrogates the United States' national fixation on the answer to the question: Who are you? In this article, it is posed that identity documentation practices arising out of the Chinese Exclusion Act era cast identity as an empirical and immutable phenomenon, specifically in response to the racialization of American-born Chinese settlers as duplicitous, through the mechanisms that information is collected, the actual information itself, and the cross-references or connections created between cases. Through tracing this lineage, racialized identification data is identified and theorized as part of hegemonic data regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data not only plays an essential role in traditional shopfloor management, but it is also becoming even more important in Industry 4.0, particularly due to the increasing possibilities offered by new digital and data technologies and developments. In this context, the literature often refers to digital shopfloor management, the next generation shopfloor or other evolutionary synonyms. This raises the question of how to differentiate the content of data-oriented shopfloor management from digital shopfloor management. This paper discusses the state of the art — in terms of both data and digital perspectives — using a systematic literature review. Due to the complexity of the topic, three different levels of consideration — technology, organisation and people — are examined and discussed. Existing conceptual approaches are analysed in terms of conclusions and research gaps. It was found that the area of technology, including dedicated applications, is very well represented and researched in the literature. In comparison, there are larger research gaps in the other areas of organisation and people, which could be a possible reason for the lack of implementation of digital shopfloor management in practice. There is also a lack of holistic approaches that consider all three levels simultaneously and provide an overarching concept of maturity as a guideline, as well as taking into account the increasing trend towards value stream orientation. Apart from the research gaps, this paper could also define the term data-oriented shopfloor management and distinguish it from digital shopfloor management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that a data-driven, niche-focused approach to strategy development will assist Higher Education Institutions to direct their financial resources to greater effect by providing a more tailored service to students, therefore, increasing student satisfaction and creating brand loyalty. This approach will give institutions greater stability and prosperity in a constantly changing market. It is, however, the cultural risks which remain the biggest barrier to trying this approach in the UK and this paper aims to open the debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India has produced several drafts of data policies. In this work, they are referred to [1] JBNSCR 2018, [2] DPDPR 2018, [3] NSAI 2018, [4] RAITF 2018, [5] PDPB 2019, [6] PRAI 2021, [7] JPCR 2021, [8] IDAUP 2022, [9] IDABNUP 2022. All of them consider Artificial Intelligence (AI) a social problem solver at the societal level, let alone an incentive for economic growth. However, these policy drafts warn of the social disruptions caused by algorithms and encourage the careful use of computational technologies in various social contexts. Hence, the emerging data society and its implications in India's social contexts demand immense social science attention, which needs to be improved in the policy drafts, primarily because they are creations of industry stakeholders, technocrats, bureaucrats, and experts from tech schools. In the larger social milieu of digital infrastructure emerging, the fundamental question is whether India's national philosophy envisioned in the Indian constitution is reflected in the policy papers. The paper enquires whether the national data policy upholds the core values dispersed through the philosophy of the Indian constitution, which, among other things, is not confined only to inclusion, diversity, rights, liberty, justice and equality. By focusing on constitutional values, the paper seeks to offer a broader and more critical understanding of India's approach to AI policy by bringing together analyses of a wide array of policy documents available in the public realm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an original definition of samples as a kind of data within the relational framework of data. The distinction between scientific objects (e.g., samples, data, models) often needs to be clarified in the philosophy of science to understand their role in the scientific inquiry. The relational framework places data at the forefront of knowledge construction. Their epistemic status depends on their evaluation as potential evidence in a research situation and their ability to circulate among researchers. While samples are significant in data-generating science, their role has been underexplored in the philosophy of data literature. I draw on a case study from data-centric microbiology, viz. amplicon sequencing, to introduce specifications of the relational framework. These specifications capture the distinctive epistemic role of samples, allowing the discussion of their significance in the inquiry process. I argue that samples are necessarily transformed to be considered as evidence, portable in the limits of a situation, and they act as world anchors for claims about a phenomenon. I compare these specifications with other data and evidence frameworks and suggest they are compatible. The paper concludes by considering the extension of these criteria in the context of biobanking. The specifications proposed here help analyze other life sciences cases and deepen our understanding of samples and their epistemological role in scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pace of good quality retrofit must be urgently scaled up across the UK, in order to tackle fuel poverty, improve the health and comfort of our homes, increase energy security and build climate resilience. Currently, however, incomplete information is used when designing retrofit policies and plans. There are barriers to the scale-up of good quality retrofit including citizen engagement, finance, supply chain uncertainty, a lack of trust and low uptake of quality assurance frameworks. This paper discusses the potential of enhanced, interoperable and democratised building, local and systems data to unlock many of these barriers. It will explore how the adoption of property logbooks across the UK can enable the aggregation of projects and drive access to finance. A retrofit plan for every home has the potential to engage and empower citizens and small to medium enterprise (SME) builders to act locally. This paper describes how the right packages of data can inform better decisions, what work has already been done to date, and how you can get involved in creating transformational change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any tool, apparatus, machine, appliance, implant, reagent for in vitro usage, software, material, or other like or related item that the producer intends to be used, either alone or in combination, for medical purposes is considered a medical device. A thorough review was conducted for the purpose of revealing the medical device data and medical device industry in the current paper. Some of the data incorporated in this paper has been taken from Government Websites, Press Releases, Media Reports, Deloitte Report, Union Budget 2022-23 and dully citation was mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns about research’s environmental impacts have been articulated in the research arena, but questions remain about what types of role responsibilities are appropriate to place on researchers, if any. The research question of this paper is: what are the views of UK health researchers who use data-intensive methods on their responsibilities to consider the environmental impacts of their research? Twenty-six interviews were conducted with UK health researchers using data-intensive methods. Participants expressed a desire to take responsibility for the environmental impacts of their research, however, they were unable to consolidate this because there were often obstacles that prevented them from taking such role responsibilities. They suggested strategies to address this, predominantly related to the need for regulation to monitor their own behaviour. This paper discusses the implications of adopting such a regulatory approach as a mechanism to promote researchers’ role responsibilities using a neo-liberal critique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grinding surface quality is a key indicator to determine the performance of parts and the reliability of products. During the grinding process, the pre-control technology makes appropriate adjustments in advance on its key aspects to improve the grinding surface quality. Therefore, this paper constructs a data-driven pre-control system for grinding surface quality including target layer, acquisition layer, analysis layer, and application layer. From the perspective of this system, the research progress of grinding surface quality by data-driven is reviewed. In the target layer, the connotation, formation mechanism, and main influencing indexes of grinding surface quality are described in detail. In the acquisition layer, the acquisition and processing methods of grinding data and their advantages and disadvantages are comprehensively analyzed. In the analysis layer, the methods of using result data, process data, and real-time signal data to characterize grinding surface quality are introduced. In the application layer, the research status of grinding surface quality prediction, optimization, and control are comprehensively and systematically summarized. Finally, the paper presented a summary and outlook on the improvement of grinding surface quality by data-driven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores how Generative AI intersects with Competition Law, focusing on Foundation Models (FMs) and Large Language Models (LLMs). It examines industry dynamics and identifies key competition issues like entry barriers, tying, leveraging, and acquisitions. It highlights the supply chain's importance and looks at how FMs are integrated into search software, chatbots, and productivity tools, particularly noting entry barriers such as computing power and data collection. It suggests that FMs might require new approaches to market delineation, possibly creating a separate relevant market for data. The paper also discusses various cases pertaining to tying and leveraging and highlights the difficulty in proving tying due to the blurred lines between traditional search engines and AI chatbots. It illustrates how competition assessments for acquisitions may require changes due to data being a highly flexible commodity for the industry. The paper concludes by calling for increased scrutiny and regulation for the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prediction models are being increasingly used in the medical field to identify risk factors and possible outcomes. Some of these are presently being used to develop guidelines for improving clinical practice. The application of machine learning (ML), comprising a powerful set of computational tools for analysing data, has been clearly expanding in the role of predictive modelling. This paper reviews the latest developments of supervised ML techniques that have been used to analyse data related to post‐operative total hip and knee replacements. The aim was to review the most recent findings of relevant published studies by outlining the methodologies employed (most‐widely used supervised ML techniques), data sources, domains, limitations of predictive analytics and the quality of predictions. This paper reviews the latest developments of supervised machine learning (ML) techniques that have been used to analyse data related to post‐operative total hip and knee replacements. The aim was to review the most recent findings of relevant published studies by outlining the methodologies employed (most widely used supervised ML techniques), data sources, domains, limitations of predictive analytics and the quality of predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relating electoral laws to electoral integrity has long been a focus of academic research. Using the strategic-relational approach, as outlined in this special issue, it is possible to better understand how electoral laws shape the voter experience and electoral outcomes. This paper contributes to this understanding by looking at Voter Identification (ID) laws. With no consolidated dataset of voter ID laws existing outside the U.S.A. it is difficult to answer research questions put forward in this special issue, especially the second. This paper begins to address this shortfall by presenting the Comparative Voter ID Law (CVIL) index. Which has collected data on 246 individual electoral jurisdictions. Data presented show how voter ID laws are distributed globally, regionally, by regime type and level of democracy. The second part of the analysis goes on to describe voter ID laws by whether a jurisdiction has compulsory ID laws, how many different types of ID are accepted and the minimum number of ID documents that must be shown. Thirdly, other variables within the dataset are described. The CVIL will provide opportunities to understand how Voter ID laws are part of institutional design, are used by actors, shape the voter experience and electoral out-comes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As data and computing power have surged in recent decades, statistical modeling has become an important tool for understanding ecological patterns and processes. Statistical modeling in ecology faces two major challenges. First, ecological data may not conform to traditional methods, and second, professional ecologists often do not receive extensive statistical training. In response to these challenges, the journal Ecology has published many innovative statistical ecology papers that introduced novel modeling methods and provided accessible guides to statistical best practices. In this paper, we reflect on Ecology's history and its role in the emergence of the subdiscipline of statistical ecology, which we define as the study of ecological systems using mathematical equations, probability, and empirical data. We showcase 36 influential statistical ecology papers that have been published in Ecology over the last century and, in so doing, comment on the evolution of the field. As data and computing power continue to increase, we anticipate continued growth in statistical ecology to tackle complex analyses and an expanding role for Ecology to publish innovative and influential papers, advancing the discipline and guiding practicing ecologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ensemble n-sub-epidemic modeling framework that integrates sub-epidemics to capture complex temporal dynamics has demonstrated powerful forecasting capability in previous works. This modeling framework can characterize complex epidemic patterns, including plateaus, epidemic resurgences, and epidemic waves characterized by multiple peaks of different sizes. In this tutorial paper, we introduce and illustrate SubEpiPredict, a user-friendly MATLAB toolbox for fitting and forecasting time series data using an ensemble n-sub-epidemic modeling framework. The toolbox can be used for model fitting, forecasting, and evaluation of model performance of the calibration and forecasting periods using metrics such as the weighted interval score (WIS). We also provide a detailed description of these methods including the concept of the n-sub-epidemic model, constructing ensemble forecasts from the top-ranking models, etc. For the illustration of the toolbox, we utilize publicly available daily COVID-19 death data at the national level for the United States. The MATLAB toolbox introduced in this paper can be very useful for a wider group of audiences, including policymakers, and can be easily utilized by those without extensive coding and modeling backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I argue through the double entendre of ‘data‐bility’ that how dateable one is on a dating app relies on data. This techno‐social framework enables an understanding of how dating apps are reconfiguring a politics of sexuality, circumscribed by digital technologies and data. Drawing on research with middle‐class women and gender‐minority dating app users in Mumbai and one dating app executive, the paper investigates how algorithms and users' digital behaviour together constitute data‐bility in three ways. First, dating app algorithms are designed to match those of similar social identities to one another. Second, dating app users engage with others' digital data on profiles and through message chats, reading class through these processes, deciding who to match/reject and correspondingly who is data‐ble. Third, users and algorithmic infrastructures come together to create new regimes of verification, through deeming some users ‘real’ and others ‘fake’ on dating apps, extending violent legacies of categorisation. Together, these processes result in data‐bility, a techno‐social order of digital dating oriented around the exclusion of those labelled ‘creeps’ along class and caste lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sound of Water (https://flow-mer.org.au/napnap) microsite documents an environmental intervention at Nap Nap Swamp, a wetland in the western reaches of Australia's Murrumbidgee River. A collaboration between a designer (Whitelaw) and an ecologist (Wassens), it was supported by the Commonwealth Environmental Water Office. We use audiovisual data storytelling to engage audiences with Nap Nap as it transitions from a dry to wet state. Focusing on a 9-day period in mid-2020, we combine audio and hydrological data to show the ecosystem's response to a managed environmental flow, narrating this change through the wetland's charismatic frog species, including the threatened Southern Bell Frog. In this paper we reflect on the technical and creative contributions of the project in visualising environmental audio, as well as its significance for wider practice. We highlight the value of creatively re-purposing ecological data and the importance of multi-stakeholder networks, and we argue that our celebration in this project of environmental management, intervention and care should be a key concern for future digital ecologies practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that individuating practices are produced through iterative processes of community and agent-level interactions. This claim will be demonstrated by using three case studies from biology: The structuring of data categories for data collection tables and models; establishing spatial and temporal threshold markers or limits; and the comparative use of phenomenal characteristics as cues for object identification. By drawing from examples of data classification and comparative analysis in the biological sciences, I offer a view about ‘individuation’ as double-barreled according to the method of co-constitutive conceptual analysis. Specifically, the capacity—i.e., the ability to individuate—is co-constituted by community level choices and agent applications: Individuation’s evidential role is generated, revised, and refined by scientific communities and their members through an iterative process of community and agent-level interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current epoch in fisheries science has been driven by continual advances in laboratory techniques and increasingly sophisticated approaches to analysing datasets. We now have the scientific knowledge and tools to proactively identify obstacles to the sustainable management of marine resources. However, in addition to technological advances, there are predicted global environmental changes, each with inherent implications for fisheries. The 2023 symposium of the Fisheries Society of the British Isles called for "open and constructive knowledge exchange between scientists, stakeholders, managers and policymakers" (https://fsbi.org.uk/symposium-2023/), a nexus of collaborative groups best placed to identify issues and solutions. Arguably, the Centre of Environment, Aquaculture and Fisheries Science (Cefas) and their Scientific Advice for Fisheries Management (SAFM) Team sit at the centre of such a network. SAFM regularly engages with managers and stakeholders, undertakes scientific research, provides fisheries advice to the UK government, and are leading experts within the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). As such, this paper is an opinion piece, linked to individual authors specialisms, that aims to highlight emerging issues affecting fisheries and suggest where research efforts could be focused that contribute to sustainable fisheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humanitarian organisations are increasingly utilising biometric data. However, we know little about the extent and scope of this practice, as its benefits and risks have attracted all the attention so far. This paper explores the biometric practices of the United Nations Refugee Agency, the United Nations World Food Programme, the International Committee of the Red Cross, Médecins Sans Frontières, and World Vision International. The study analysed relevant documents published over the past two decades and 17 semi‐structured interviews with humanitarian workers conducted between June 2021 and June 2022. The findings reveal that humanitarian organisations use diverse types and functions of biometric data for different services, collaborate with many actors, and employ various data protection measures. Ultimately, challenging the straightforward generalisations about the use of such data, the paper argues that variational applications of biometrics in the humanitarian context require case‐by‐case analysis, as each instance will likely produce a different outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the ongoing academic discussion regarding what happens to our data after we die, how our data are utilised for commercial profit-making purposes, and what kinds of death-related practices our posthumous data figure in, the notion of digital afterlife is attracting increasing attention. While the concept of digital afterlife has been approached in different ways, the main focus remains on the level of individual loss. The emphasis tends to be on the role of posthumous digital artefacts in grief practices and death-related rituals or on data management issues relating to death. Building on a socio-technical view of digital afterlife, this paper offers, as a novel contribution, an understanding of digital afterlife as a techno-affective assemblage. It argues for the necessity of examining technological and social factors as mutually shaping and brings into the discussion of digital afterlife the notions of relationality, materiality, and the affective potential of data. The paper ends with ruminations about digital afterlife as a posthumanist project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New tools are being explored to provide collective and participatory means of governing data to promote the management of data in ways that benefit those from whom data is collected. This paper discusses whether data trusts are feasible structures in an African context by outlining specific considerations that should be prioritised in the development of bottom-up and collective models of data governance on the continent. Making use of international instruments, principles and established values like Ubuntu, the paper analyses the importance of collective decision-making through collective and participatory governance, women's empowerment, and capacity-building, and how the alignment of data trusts to African contexts could help balance historical power differentials, and emphasise heterogeneity as the starting point of all discussions in the digital age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 10 million ED visits occur each year across Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. Outside basic administrative data focused on time‐based targets, there is minimal information about clinical performance, quality of care, patient outcomes, or equity in emergency care. The lack of a timely, accurate or clinically useful data collection represents a missed opportunity to improve the care we deliver each day. The present paper outlines a proposal for a National Acute Care Secure Health Data Environment, including design, possible applications, and the steps taken to date by the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine ED Epidemiology Network in collaboration with the College of Emergency Nursing Australasia. Optimal use of the existing information collected routinely during clinical care of emergency patients has the potential to enable data‐driven quality improvement and research, leading to better care and better outcomes for millions of patients and families each year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Just as the Frankfurt School responded to the radicalisation of the working class in Germany and the rise of post-war consumerism in the United States, today, we are confronted by platform monopolies, automated hyper-consumption and technological control. Critical approaches to digital media have exposed the structural coupling of Internet use and capital accumulation for almost two decades. However, many authors building on this tradition can struggle to understand how online social interaction is controlled beyond the worn-out critique of false consciousness or beyond conceptualising all digital activity mediated by data as labour. This paper will attempt to theoretically untangle the Marxian ontology of labour and the Frankfurt School-inspired critique of everyday life. This is not just theoretical nit-picking. Society becomes completely dominated if we accept no difference between wage labour and lifeworld activities. Each contains its internal struggles. The value form regulates both in different ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the Saudi Food and Drug Authority's (SFDA) Guidance on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies based Medical Devices (the MDS-G010). The SFDA has pioneered binding requirements designed for manufacturers to obtain Medical Device Marketing Authorization. The regulation of AI in health is at an early stage worldwide. Therefore, it is critical to examine the scope and nature of the MDS-G010, its influences, and its future directions. It is argued that the guidance is a patchwork of existing international best practices concerning AI regulation, incorporates adapted forms of non-AI-based guidelines, and builds on existing legal requirements in the SFDA's existing regulatory architecture. There is particular congruence with the approaches of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the International Medical Device Regulators Forum (IMDRF), but the SFDA goes beyond those approaches to incorporate other best practices into its guidance. Additionally, the binding nature of the MDS-G010 is complex. There are binding 'components' within the guidance, but the incorporation of non-binding international best practices which are subordinate to national law results in a lack of clarity about how penalties for non-compliance will operate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data have become a vital device of border governance and security. Recent scholarship on the datafication of borders and migration at the intersection of science and technology studies and critical security studies has privileged concepts attuned to messiness, contingency, and friction such as data assemblages and infrastructures. This paper proposes to revisit and expand the analytical vocabulary of script analysis to understand what comes to count as data, what forms of data come to matter and how "drawing data together" reconfigures power and agency at Europe's borders. Empirically, we analyze controversies about the practices of asylum decision-making and age assessment in Greece. We show that agency of "users" is unequally distributed through anticipations of subscription and dis-inscription, while asylum seekers are conscripted within security scripts that restrict their agency. Moreover, as a multiplicity of inscriptions are produced, migrants' claims can be disqualified through circumscriptions of data and ascriptions of expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most secondary (high) schools in a broad range of jurisdictions internationally engage in various forms of high stakes, standardized assessment and related qualifications. In this paper, we interrogate how educational achievement regimes – especially via the reporting of curriculum and assessment ‘data’ – continue to mobilize particular gender norms. Drawing on Derrida’s notion of haunting we explore how such regimes impose and reinscribe stable and binary gendered patterning and create what Barad has named ‘entangled relationalities of inheritance’ [https://doi.org/10.3366/drt.2010.0206,] despite young people (and many schools) moving towards greater recognition of non-binary genders. Drawing on assessment data from Aotearoa New Zealand, we look at both generalized reporting of educational achievement data along the lines of ‘male’ and ‘female’ and on reporting of a single (historically gendered) curriculum subject – health education. We argue that such systems are ‘haunted’ by stable gender categorizations and hierarchies and we ask what this means for the reporting of educational assessment data and the erasure of identities that don’t align with the binary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the mechanisms by which companies can gain access to data necessary for automated decision-making in scenarios without direct contractual agreements, focusing on market-driven approaches. It introduces the concept of the essential facilities doctrine under EU competition law and examines its applicability to sets of data, alongside an examination of current ex-ante regulatory instruments which grant data access rights, such as the Type Approval Regulation, the Open Data Directive, the Electricity Directive, the Digital Markets Act, and the Data Act. These legal instruments are analysed in terms of their ability to facilitate access to data necessary for the automation of decision-making processes. In addition, the study looks at the challenges and opportunities presented by these legal instruments, including the nuances of applying the essential facilities doctrine to data. The article concludes that the most efficient way for a company to gain access to sets of data required for automated decision-making (in the absence of a contractual agreement) is to base its data access claim on an act of ex-ante regulation. If, however, such legal basis does not exist, a company could still base its data access claim on the essential facilities doctrine. The practical applicability of the doctrine to sets of data, however, remains unclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: the number of infants and children who receive artificial nutrition at home has been steadily increasing over the last decades, as better outcomes for children with chronic conditions have been achieved. In order to evaluate the need of resources to implement the technique it is necessary to know how many patients benefit from home artificial nutrition. This information can be estimated from the register of patients, when available. Methods: in this paper the characteristics of all registers were reviewed, especially those devoted to pediatric patients. Results: only two pediatric registers are active in 2023: the Canadian register and the Spanish one. NADYA register from the Spanish Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (SENPE) and the recent REPAFI, form the Spanish Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. The most valuable register from the British Society, BANS, stopped providing information in 2018. Conclusion: despite the fact of acknowledging the importance of having gathered information on the prevalence and incidence of home artificial nutrition, to fit resources to necessities, the number of active registers is quite short. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In promoting the development of China's digital economy, relevant departments have given full play to the underpinning role of the rule of law, actively promoted the formulation of laws and regulations in the field of data, and put in place a foundational legal system for data that combines vertical and horizontal aspects. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic overview of China's data legal system, including both horizontal system and vertical system. Secondly, it analyzes the vertical system, including data legislation at central and local levels, and covering laws, administrative regulations, departmental rules, local regulations and local administrative rules. Thirdly, it analyzes the horizontal system, including legal systems in the fields of data security and development, personal information protection, commercial data circulation and government data management. Finally, this paper summarizes the achievements of China's data legislation and deficiencies of the current data law system, and puts forward suggestions for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lack of service data for cardiac rehabilitation limits understanding of program delivery, benchmarking and quality improvement. This study aimed to describe current practices, management, utilisation and engagement with quality indicators in Australian programs. Cardiac rehabilitation programs (n=396) were identified from national directories and networks. Program coordinators were surveyed on service data capture, management systems and adoption of published national quality indicators. Text responses were coded and classified. Logistic regression determined independent associates of the use of data for quality improvement. A total of 319 (81%) coordinators completed the survey. Annual patient enrolments/programs were >200 (31.0%), 51−200 (46%) and ≤50 (23%). Most (79%) programs used an electronic system, alongside paper (63%) and/or another electronic system (19%), with 21% completely paper. While 84% knew of the national quality indicators, only 52% used them. Supplementary to patient care, data were used for reports to managers (57%) and funders (41%), to improve quality (56%), support funding (43%) and research (31%). Using data for quality improvement was more likely when enrolments where >200 (Odds ratio [OR] 3.83, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.76−8.34) and less likely in Victoria (OR 0.24 95%, CI 0.08−0.77), New South Wales (OR 0.25 95%, CI 0.08−0.76) and Western Australia (OR 0.16 95%, CI 0.05−0.57). The collection of service data for cardiac rehabilitation patient data and its justification is diverse, limiting our capacity to benchmark and drive clinical practice. The findings strengthen the case for a national low-burden approach to data capture for quality care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines an example of Special Collections materials being used to support master's-level students' data and digital skills development. It evidences positive student learning outcomes through an unconventional interdepartmental collaboration between a digital media teaching team and Special Collections staff, which combined digital practices and tangible Special Collections material. This paper outlines the readings used for the course under review, the assignments used to evaluate students, student experiences of those assignments, and staff observations of student success and the logistics of course delivery. Findings show that in completing their assignments students (a) negotiated uncertainty; (b) increased understandings of data and digital methods; (c) embraced the lifeworlds of data; and (d) blurred the boundaries of analog and digital. More generally, this work finds that Special Collections material can be effectively used to support data and digital skills development, as well as help students gain broader understandings of digital contexts and media. Value is, however, dependent upon embracing uncertainty: something that universities tend to avoid. But, as is shown, staff and students alike can thrive in states of bewilderment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of studies on non-contact vital sign detection using radar are now beginning to turn to data-driven neural network approaches rather than traditional signal-processing methods. However, there are few radar datasets available for deep learning due to the difficulty of acquiring and labeling the data, which require specialized equipment and physician collaboration. This paper presents a new model of heartbeat-induced chest wall motion (CWM) with the goal of generating a large amount of simulation data to support deep learning methods. An in-depth analysis of published CWM data collected by the VICON Infrared (IR) motion capture system and continuous wave (CW) radar system during respiratory hold was used to summarize the motion characteristics of each stage within a cardiac cycle. In combination with the physiological properties of the heartbeat, appropriate mathematical functions were selected to describe these movement properties. The model produced simulation data that closely matched the measured data as evaluated by dynamic time warping (DTW) and the root-mean-squared error (RMSE). By adjusting the model parameters, the heartbeat signals of different individuals were simulated. This will accelerate the application of data-driven deep learning methods in radar-based non-contact vital sign detection research and further advance the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ship collision avoidance has always been a concern and it is crucial for achieving safe navigation of ships at sea. There are many studies on ship collision avoidance in open water, but less attention on coastal waters considering the uncertainty of target ships due to the complexity of the environment and traffic flow. In this paper, collision avoidance decision-making research in coastal waters considering the uncertainty of target ships was proposed. Firstly, accurate ship trajectories are obtained by preprocessing the raw Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Subsequently, the processed trajectories are clustered using the Ordering Points to Identify the Clustering Structure (OPTICS) algorithm and Hausdorff distance, acquiring a dataset for trajectory prediction of target ships. Then, a mixed Gaussian model is utilized to calculate the prior probability distribution of the prediction model, thus establishing a trajectory prediction model that considers the uncertainty of the target ship. Finally, ship maneuverability is simulated using the Mathematical Model Group (MMG) and Proportion Integration Differentiation (PID) models, and a collision avoidance decision-making model for ships is constructed. The proposed algorithm has been tested and verified in a case study. The results show that the approach effectively predicts the trajectory of the target ship and facilitates informed collision avoidance decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors have used Block Chain technology for tie-line power transferred data in respect to trustworthy monitoring, non-tamper proof and traceability. Nepanagar–Dharni tie-line between MP Electricity Board and Maharashtra Electricity Board is considered. Also, an example of a solar power plant connected to the grid and a consumer is considered to show the security concern using Block Chain Technology. The intrinsic features of decentralized block chain technology enable the grid owner, utility and consumer to maintain the privacy and security of the data set and Image sharing of tie-line power transferred data and Image. The smart contract can register and authorize the grid corporation authority to access the tie-line power transferred during the period and make payments to the concern in compliance with the regulatory and involved parties' consent policy. Security's role as a trust model is used to sort out the discrepancy in the exchange for power monitored by the phase measurement unit. Distributed and scalable data models based on the block chain are implemented using a heterogeneous set of MYSQL database management systems, hosted on the AWS cloud. If the power is transferred to a tie line connected to the Railway traction system, the data and Image of the train and its status can be secured with block chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent water usage is required in order to target the challenging goals for 2030 and 2050. Hydroelectric power plants represent processes wherein water is exploited as a renewable resource and a source for energy production. Hydroelectric power plants usually include reservoirs, valves, gates, and energy production devices, e.g., turbines. In this context, monitoring and maintenance policies together with control and optimization strategies, at the different levels of the automation hierarchy, may represent strategic tools and drivers for energy efficiency improvement. Nowadays, these strategies rely on different basic concepts and elements, which must be assessed and investigated in order to provide a reliable background. This paper focuses on a review of the state of the art associated with these basic concepts and elements, i.e., digitalization, Industry 4.0, data, KPIs, modelization, and forecast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an intriguing topic in a mathematical modelling course where Lanchester models are taught to our students. Lanchester models are some of the earliest and most important models used for combat modelling. We describe modelling activities and the use of technology that can be implemented in teaching this topic in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: As the skills economy becomes the norm, learning focused on skills, learners who understand those skills and can iterate the learners to potential employers, and hiring personnel who prioritize skills when making personnel decisions create a visible currency that can be leveraged by all the stakeholders. This paper seeks to analyze those emergent skills, show the skills' impact on the self-organizing skills ecosystem and illustrate how the skills provide a conduit to wholesale global change by creating a talent pipeline designed to generate economic vitality. Design/methodology/approach: Through a system thinking lens and by exploring related skills ecosystem literature, this paper explores the concept of the self-organizing learn-earn skills ecosystem and the role technology plays in the development, implementation and continuation of the process. Tools such as customer, actor, transformation, worldview, owner and environment (CATWOE) and levers have been implemented to probe the maturity, challenges and opportunities the emerging ecosystem provides. Findings: As the ecosystem evolves, there is much to be done to align stakeholders to reach the ecosystem's full potential. However, by applying a systems lens to the work in progress, greater clarity and definition can be achieved, thereby generating more forward momentum to propel the skills movement toward the intended outcomes. Originality/value: While there are many recent publications that define the elements, parameters and attributes of the referenced skills ecosystem, this article aggregates information, through a system thinking lens, to provide a deeper, more cohesive analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tracking farmland purchases is central to interpreting transnational finance's growing power in agrarian restructuring. Australia's public Register of foreign land ownership reveals little about agrarian change, however. In presenting the first comprehensive mapping of farmland purchases made between 2008 and 2020, this paper examines the ways that financial investments are altering farm ownership patterns in Australia. First, we show that most foreign owned land has been purchased by only 10 pastoral companies, which are implicated in speculative development activities. Second, foreign investment in cropping and horticulture is more significant than it appears in the Register, with investments in agricultural infrastructure increasingly driving land use change. Third, we illustrate the deepening entrenchment of institutional finance. By engaging with the findings from our dataset as well as with the politics of data that have shaped the availability of information, the paper progresses understandings of the financialization of farmland in both its material and ideational aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent negotiations of 'data' in schools place focus on student assessment and NAPLAN. However, with the rise in artificial intelligence (AI) underpinning educational technology, there is a need to shift focus towards the value of teachers' digital data. By doing so, the broader debate surrounding the implications of these technologies and rights within the classroom as a workplace becomes more apparent to practitioners and educational researchers. Drawing on the Australian Human Rights Commission's Human Rights and Technology final report, this conceptual paper focusses on teachers' rights alongside emerging technologies that use or provide predictive analytics or artificial intelligence, also called 'personalisation'. The lens of Postdigital positionality guides the discussion. Three potential consequences are presented as provocations: (1) What might happen if emerging technology uses teachers' digital data that represent current societal inequality? (2) What might happen if insights provided by such technology are inaccurate, insufficient, or unrepresentative of our teachers? (3) What might happen if the design of the AI system itself is discriminatory? This conceptual paper argues for increased discourse about technologies that use or provide predictive analytics complemented by considering potential consequences associated with algorithmic bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Parliament of Kenya enacted the Data Protection legislation which came into effect on November 25, 2019. The new law was passed given the provisions of Article 31 of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 which guarantee the right to privacy as a fundamental right. Data Protection and citizens' right to privacy is now a topical concern as evident around the world in many jurisdictions. The increasing globalization, cross-border transactions, internet penetration and the use of social media and digital platforms among citizens, governments and private institutions raises several data security and privacy concerns that breaches may amount to loss of reputation, identity, safety concerns, legal penalties or compensation for damages or loss of business. As a result, the enactment of Data Protection legislations plays a resounding role in providing the requisite legal framework to regulate the activities of market players, government and private entities, in collecting, storing, processing, accessing, transmitting, sharing and disposing of personal or corporate data among other subjects. This paper reviews the crucial provisions of Kenya's Data Protection law which covers regulated actions seeking compliance by data controllers and processors under the stewardship of the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner ('ODPC'). The paper will also provide a comparative analysis of the practice in other jurisdictions, case laws and court decisions, merits and demerits of data protection legislations and areas of possible data breach targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a collaborative effort between academic researchers and practitioners to consider the conditions under which global benchmarking may be used as a tool for supporting urban transformation. Reflecting on WWF's One Planet City Challenge and UN-Habitat's Guiding Principles for City Climate Action Planning, the paper suggests that the practice of global benchmarking can be transformative through encouraging organisational learning and reflection, building relationships between cities and global and trans-local organisations, and governing for structurally transformative qualities. However, the practice of benchmarking is not without potential tensions: they may reify existing practices rather than reforming them, be less usable for or accessible to cities in lower income countries, and may neglect issues of climate justice, which are not easily reduced to comparative measures of success or failure. This suggests that a wholesale reliance on benchmarking as a mode of governing climate change might risk marginalising certain issues and amplifying others. We conclude by recommending improved material and technical support for urban data collection and suggest that benchmarking should be combined with a broader suite of performance indicators and reflective practices in order to support urban transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/purpose Reliability and availability are important especially for military, medical, and other professional equipment. Reliability and availability management and/or prognostic reliability calculations have always been data driven. This article focuses on the analysis of the data impact on reliability and availability. Methods: This research is based mostly on the articles published by the author of this work as well as on some other papers. Results: This paper results in a discussion on the definition of the datadriven concept, preceded by brief definitions of reliability and availability, and followed by the analysis of the main impacts of uncertain data on prognostic reliability calculations as well as by reliability and availability of data used in reliability calculations. Conclusions: Reliability and availability are still very important. Reliability and availability have always been data driven while valid and relevant data have always been the main problem. Without good data, prognostic reliability is useless in spite of a good reliability model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minerals are information-rich materials that offer researchers a glimpse into the evolution of planetary bodies. Thus, it is important to extract, analyze, and interpret this abundance of information to improve our understanding of the planetary bodies in our solar system and the role our planet's geosphere played in the origin and evolution of life. Over the past several decades, data-driven efforts in mineralogy have seen a gradual increase. The development and application of data science and analytics methods to mineralogy, while extremely promising, has also been somewhat ad hoc in nature. To systematize and synthesize the direction of these efforts, we introduce the concept of "Mineral Informatics," which is the next frontier for researchers working with mineral data. In this paper, we present our vision for Mineral Informatics and the X-Informatics underpinnings that led to its conception, as well as the needs, challenges, opportunities, and future directions of the field. The intention of this paper is not to create a new specific field or a sub-field as a separate silo, but to document the needs of researchers studying minerals in various contexts and fields of study, to demonstrate how the systemization and enhanced access to mineralogical data will increase cross- and interdisciplinary studies, and how data science and informatics methods are a key next step in integrative mineralogical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While airports have traditionally relied upon historical passenger traffic to plan for future operations, that paradigm is fast changing. Stakeholders, business partners and service providers all need insights into expected passenger activity in advance to better plan and support operations. This paper shares the innovative approach that Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (PHX) adopted to create a data-driven picture of passenger activity and utilisation of terminal facilities as part of its digital transformation initiative. It shows practical ways to take advantage of existing investments and data sources to create an end-to-end operating picture of the airport. This approach allows airports to quantify, with data, how 'busy' each passenger touchpoint is and how that provides a direct way to assess and improve passenger flow within their facilities. The applied methodology allows the airport to understand and maximise utilisation of its terminal square footage capacity and have a clearer picture of where and when congestion occurs. More importantly, the paper provides guidance on how to 'quantify' what that congestion means with data, something that many airports struggle with. With this approach, airports can create a detailed data-driven picture of their environments with the technology infrastructure they already have. Firmly rooted in advanced data analytics and modelling, the paper also illustrates how, by sharing detailed passenger demand data, PHX is empowering its business partners to proactively plan and improve service levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will discuss how current challenges in airport management can be addressed by means of increased operational control. The paper will show that the availability and correct usage of operational data can help solve many of the headaches airport managers face today. The paper starts with an overview of the key developments that led to today's challenges, which will then be described. Next, how real-time and historical data can be used to address these challenges will be presented. Real-world examples will be used to illustrate that this is not just theory, but that tangible results are very much achievable. Finally, the paper will conclude with a summary of best practices that enable and facilitate the adoption of data-driven operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of blockchain technology can guarantee the safe and reliable storage of IoT data. In the agricultural products traceability system based on blockchain + Internet of Things, the storage method used in most existing schemes is to save the original data in the off-chain database system, but the real data cannot be agreed on the blockchain. However, if all the data in the production Internet of things are stored directly on the blockchain, it will cause great storage pressure. In order to balance the reliability and storage pressure of the IoT data stored on blockchain in the agricultural industry chain, a high-value density blockchain compression storage scheme for agricultural IoT data is proposed. This paper connects all production links of the agricultural product chain based on consortium blockchain and collects field data based on the Internet of Things composed of sensors. Firstly, a blockchain storage framework for agricultural Internet of Things data is proposed. The collected Internet of Things data is summarized through gateways or edge server devices before being stored in the blockchain. The value density of on-chain data is increased by compression method. An adaptive lossy compression method with outliers is designed for the data compression process. The agricultural IoT data is divided into normal values and outliers based on the outlier separation method. According to the time correlation between sensor data and the sparse of abnormal data, an adaptive compression algorithm for normal data and outlier data compression algorithm is designed to compress normal data and outlier data respectively. Compressed data are stored in the blockchain instead of original data, reducing storage space occupation; The application service platform can obtain the data on the blockchain and reconstruct the data that meets the accuracy need. The results of experiments show that when the proposed scheme is used for data compression, k values can be adaptively selected for different data sets, and good compression effects can be obtained, on-chain storage space can be reduced, and the value density of data can be improved, satisfying the reconstruction accuracy of users. This method has a good compression effect for data with low change frequency, such as temperature and humidity data, but fails to achieve a high compression effect for data with high change frequency such as wind speed data. In the scheme, storing data on the blockchain can solve the problem of traceability data caused by off-chain storage. In view of the storage redundancy caused by storing all the data on the blockchain, lossy compression method is adopted to reduce the data volume and improve the value density of on-chain data within the acceptable error range of the Internet of Things data provider. Experiments show that suppose the compression ratio of normal data is 10:1, this method saves about 85% of on-chain storage space and increases the corresponding data value density by about 85%. The scheme only stores data with a compression factor through the blockchain network, reducing the storage and management overhead of on-chain data. At the same time, the scheme has the characteristics of availability, data traceability and non-repudiation. Apart from being a mere technical solution, this research endeavor emerges as a robust response to the imperatives of secure and reliable IoT data storage within the agricultural product traceability landscape. Looking ahead to the agricultural product traceability scenario based on blockchain, this innovative solution calls for the possibility of harmonious integration with technologies such as sidechain and data offloading. This integration will further mitigate blockchain storage redundancy while ensuring data consensus on the blockchain. The ultimate goal is to ensure the transparency and traceability of the entire agricultural product data traceability process. With the development of the industry and the continuous progress of the technology field, it provides technical support for the realization of distributed agricultural Internet of Things data compression storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 21st century, the digital economy has developed by leaps and bounds. As a key factor of production in the digital economy era, data plays an important role in China's green transformation. Based on the panel data of 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2019, this paper studies the relationship between data elements and green transformation. The results show that data elements can significantly promote green transformation by improving technical efficiency and achieving technological progress. Based on the above conclusions, all regions should speed up the infrastructure construction of digital economy, train digital talents, reduce resource dependence, improve the green, low-carbon and circular development system, formulate a digital economy development strategy considering local economic development levels, improve resource utilization efficiency and labor productivity, and actively promote green transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]