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»I want to grow into the sky, but that could destroy the world.« Psychotherapeutic treatment of a traumatized child in the field of tension between stabilization and structural change This paper describes the therapist's approach with a traumatized and psychologically already prestressed boy and reflects on it based on various theoretical concepts. The structural weaknesses of the patient appeared in the play in the fragility of the symbolization ability and the pretend mode. Strong feelings of anxiety and confusion, perceptible in the countertransference, as well as the presence of defense mechanisms such as splitting, idealization, omnipotence or dissociation, demand to a greater extent the therapist's container function. Therefore, at the beginning of the treatment, an initial phase served to stabilize the patient. Only gradually, after a good working alliance was established, a clearer confrontation with the fears became possible. Instead of being left alone with it, the patient found in therapy a language, images, space. Thus, the patient was able to reduce his omnipotent control and the transformation of stressful fantasies and feelings also developed in the relationship with the therapist. A gradual integration and de-idealization became possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine the intergenerational impact of systemic racism on mental health, depicting the evolution and patterns of anxiety symptoms and the application of the Bowenian family therapy to understand the interrelatedness and long‐standing impact of intergenerational trauma in African American families. This article highlights interventions that increase awareness of and promotes physical and mental health for African American populations. Design: Discursive Paper. Method: Searching literature published between 2012 and 2022 in PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCO Host and Google Scholar, we explored factors associated with systemic racism and generational anxiety. Discussion: Evidence‐based literature supports the application of the Bowenian family therapy theoretical framework to understand the intergenerational impact of systemic racism and to address the transmission of anxiety symptoms in African American populations. Conclusion: Culturally appropriate interventions are needed to decrease anxiety symptoms in an attempt to heal intergenerational trauma and to improve family dynamics in African American populations. Impact to Nursing Practice: Nurses play an integral role in providing holistic quality patient‐centred care for African American populations who have experienced racial trauma. It is critical for nurses to implement culturally responsive and racially informed care with patients that focuses on self‐awareness, health promotion, prevention and healing in efforts to address racial trauma. Application of Bowenian family therapy can aid in the reduction of both intergenerational transmission of racial trauma and generational anxiety. No Patient or Public Contribution: There was no patient or public involvement in the design or drafting of this discursive paper. The authors reviewed the literature to develop a discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to investigate differences in patients' anxiety and satisfaction between patients undergoing paper-based patient decision aid (PDA) for shared decision-making (SDM) and those receiving computer-based PDA. We retrospectively collected questionnaires before and after SDM. Basic demographic data as well as anxiety, satisfaction, knowledge acquisition, and participation in SDM were recorded. We divided our population into subgroups according to use of paper-based or computer-based PDA. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis was applied to assess the relationships among variables. In total, 304 patients who visited our Division of Nephrology were included in the final analysis. Overall, over half of the patients felt anxiety (n = 217, 71.4%). Near half of the patients felt a reduction in anxiety after SDM (n = 143, 47.0%) and 281 patients (92.4%) were satisfied with the whole process of SDM. When we divided all the patients based on use of paper-based or computer-based PDA, the reduction of anxiety level was greater in the patients who underwent paper-based PDA when compared with that of those who underwent computer-based PDA. However, there was no significant difference in satisfaction between the two groups. Paper-based PDA was as effective as computer-based PDA. Further studies comparing different types of PDA are warranted to fill the knowledge gaps in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My comment on the interdisciplinary study of Heidegger and Freud by Shoshani et al. is focused on the semantic and conceptual differences between these thinkers concerning the meaning of truth and the role of anxiety. Heidegger emphasizes truth as a philosophical goal, whereas for Freud truth is a challenge to study the dynamic functions of the human mind by avoiding predetermined answers. The authors describe convincingly how Heidegger and Freud tread on the same phenomenological terrain. Their approaches differ, however, in their respective goals. For Heidegger, the goal is a new philosophical understanding of the sense of being defined by him as Dasein. For Freud, the goal is to understand the dynamics of the human mind in a two-person clinical relationship. This difference in their goals also implies a difference in their ontological approach. On the other hand, Shoshani et al. highlight the value of Heidegger's view of anxiety as a trigger that calls for a search for increased understanding. According to the authors, this point is important, as it opens a shared humane way to treat people with severely disturbed mental conditions. In this respect, the understanding of the meaning of anxiety by Heidegger can also inspire clinical work and thereby open perspectives common with psychoanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article comments on the anxiety and mental health problem facing editors in preventing the publication of scientific misconduct and fraud and paper mill activities and calls for the protection of the scientific record. It attributes the problem with paper mill-produced manuscripts to pressure on academics, educational workload in universities and funding. It suggests having an authorship policy, investigation of suspected unethical behavior and peer review to combat publishing misconduct.

Background: Prehospital emergency staff usually encounter patients in situations that can affect the mental health of the medical staff and cause symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. This study aimed to determine depression, anxiety, and stress in prehospital emergency personnel during the COVID-19 epidemic in Ardabil City, Iran, 2020. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to April 2020 with the participation of 138 working staff in the prehospital emergency department of Ardabil City. The samples were selected by the census method. Necessary information was collected with a two-part questionnaire: a demographic questionnaire and the DASS-21 standard questionnaire. DASS-21 is a 21-item questionnaire that consists of three subscales of 7 questions: depression, anxiety, and stress. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, and inferential analysis, including analysis of variance, independent t test, and multiple regression using SPSS software v. 22 statistical software. Results: The results showed that 45.7% of the staff had moderate depression, 44.9% moderate anxiety, and 77.5% normal stress. There was a significant relationship between work experience and stress level (P=0.03). There were significant associations between age with depression (P=0.04), anxiety (P=0.00) and stress (P=0.01). There was also a significant relationship between gender and variables of stress (P=0.00) and anxiety (P=0.01). Multiple regression results showed that gender and education variables are predictors of anxiety and stress, and age and education variables are predictors of depression (P<0.05). Conclusion: More than half of the staff had moderate to severe depression and anxiety. Considering that prehospital emergency personnel has a vital role in improving and promoting people’s health in the community, eliminating the underlying factors that cause emotional reactions in them is considered a health priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods & Procedures Outcomes & Results Conclusions & Implications WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on the subject What this paper adds to the existing knowledge What are the practical and clinical implications of this work? Children and adolescents with language problems have poorer mental health compared with their non‐language impaired peers. Less is known about mental health in adults with a history of language problems. This paper presents a systematic review and meta‐analysis that addresses this gap in the literature. Specifically, it summarises the results from studies examining anxiety and depression in adults (aged 18 years and over) who were identified with language impairments or problems earlier in development.Five electronic databases (PsycINFO, ERIC, CINAHL, EMBASE and PubMed) were searched for studies comparing anxiety and/or depression in a sample of adults with and without a history of language problems. Nine studies were found that met the inclusion criteria. From each, an odds ratio (OR) was computed measuring the relationship between childhood language problems and anxiety or depression in adulthood. The OR was computed so values > 1 which indicated anxiety/depression were associated with a history of language problems. ORs were averaged using multilevel random effects meta‐analysis.Averaging the study's findings across both anxiety and depression outcomes, we found that a history of childhood language problems was associated with poorer mental health in adulthood (OR = 1.79, p = 0.004). The association for anxiety was also significant (OR = 1.80, p = 0.012) and close to statistical significance for depression (OR = 1.60, p = 0.054).This review reveals that adults with a history of language problems are more likely to experience poorer mental health outcomes compared with controls. These findings demonstrate childhood language problems affect not only communication but also mental health and well‐being in the long term. Prior research examining mental health in children and adolescents with language problems reveals a twofold increased risk of internalising problems, including anxiety and depression. However, little is known about mental health outcomes in adults with a history of language problems. The main finding was that childhood language problems are associated with increased risk of anxiety and depression in adulthood. First, the study demonstrates childhood language problems increase the risk of poor mental health in adulthood. Second, in adult mental health settings there is a need to screen for language problems and, where applicable, adjust interventions to accommodate communicative needs for patients/clients. Solving these issues requires integration and recognition of the importance of speech–language therapy in the adult mental health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of social reform and the economy has brought great challenges to the mental health of college students. However, there are few studies on the impact of these psychological problems on college students' English learning. As a special group about to enter society, studying the mental health of college students in foreign language learning is of great significance. This paper discusses the principle of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology and the interactive mechanism to support college students' foreign language learning. Additionally, the adaptability supporting college students' foreign language learning is analyzed according to the current situation of AI supporting foreign language learning. Then, the mental health of college students in the AI environment is investigated and analyzed. This paper takes foreign and non-foreign language majors of Changchun University of Technology as the object and uses questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observation to obtain basic data. The results show that college students' adaptability to foreign language learning is higher than that of non-foreign. Students' intelligent operation and knowledge storage level impact their adaptability to foreign language learning. Psychological health problems include learning anxiety, loneliness, depression, and inferiority in college students' foreign language learning. These negative emotions, to a certain extent, affect the learning effect of college students' foreign language learning. This paper is of great significance to the adaptability of college students' foreign language learning to the intelligent environment and the analysis of their mental health problems. This paper hopes to provide data reference for the research on improving college students' foreign language learning effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This qualitative systematic review aimed to consolidate existing evidence on the self‐management experience of older patients with multimorbidity worldwide. Methods: Nine databases were searched, for papers published from database inception to April 2023. The systematic review was conducted according to the systematic review method of qualitative evidence by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results: Seven studies were included. Finally, four themes and 12 subthemes were formed: (1) physical level: reduced physical function and lack of coordinated care; (2) psychological level: mental state of anxiety and positive attitude towards life; (3) social level: technical support, support from family, support from healthcare workers and support from others; and (4) practical level: economic burden, lifestyle changes, self‐care in daily life and compliance was much lower than expected. Conclusions: To improve self‐management in older people with multimorbidity, nurses should provide more guidance to patients to improve their self‐management skills, and clinicians should recommend effective self‐management behaviours. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic?: Globally, approximately 50% of older people aged over 65 years demonstrate multimorbidity, with sharp increases in the prevalence in this population.In recent years, the phenomenon of older people with multimorbidity has received increasing attention, and there has been an increase in the number of related qualitative studies. While these studies provide an in‐depth account of experiences among samples, synthesizing these findings can help identify similarities and differences, as well as gaps in current knowledge. Therefore, there is a need for systematic evaluation and meta‐integration of the results of multiple qualitative studies to obtain deeper, more comprehensive findings. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: The practice of self‐management in older patients with multimorbidity should include the physical, psychological, social and practical levels of the patient.As the primary providers of health services, nurses should sensitize older patients with multimorbidity to the susceptibility and severity of their disease and help them to improve their self‐management skills.Clinicians need to recommend effective self‐management behaviours to implement into the daily lives of older patients with multimorbidity in their clinical practice. What are the implications for practice?: These findings remind us that clinical healthcare professionals should be patient‐centred and focus on the personal experience of self‐management in older adults with multimorbidity.Findings emphasize the need for healthcare professionals to focus on diversifying management strategies and the need to provide targeted self‐management guidance to older patients with multimorbidity to help them improve their self‐management skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study describes the incidence of fatigue in kidney transplant recipients and analyses the relationship between physiological factors, psychological factors, situational factors and fatigue in kidney transplant recipients. Background: Fatigue, as a common symptom after kidney transplantation, is affected by many factors, but the influence of some factors on the fatigue of kidney transplant recipients is still controversial. Design: This cross‐sectional study was designed based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms. Methods: Our survey involved 307 participants attending the kidney transplant outpatient clinic of a tertiary Class A hospital (Changsha, Hunan, China). Data were collected between February and April 2021 using a structured questionnaire and electronic medical records. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS 25.0 (SPSS Inc.) Results: It was found that the incidence of fatigue in kidney transplant recipients was 53.1%. According to the binary logistic regression analysis, sleep quality, hypokalemia, anxiety, depression and education level were independent risk factors for fatigue in kidney transplant recipients. Conclusion: The incidence of fatigue in kidney transplant recipients was high and was influenced by physical, psychological and situational factors. Clinical nurses should assess fatigue levels in a timely and multidimensional manner in clinical practice and provide effective and scientific guidance about fatigue self‐coping and symptom management for kidney transplant recipients. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Fatigue is a common symptom of kidney transplant recipients and can impair postoperative recovery, reemployment, quality of life, social activities and physical and mental states, causing the body to be in a state of chronic energy consumption.Owing to the imperceptible physical injury upon kidney transplant recipients, fatigue is often underappreciated or even disregarded. What this paper adds? It was found that the rate of fatigue in kidney transplant recipients was high.The risk factors for fatigue in kidney transplant recipients based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms were analysed in three ways: physiological, psychological and situational. The results showed that sleep quality, duration after transplantation, serum potassium level, anxiety, depression, education level, financial burden and social support were associated with fatigue in kidney transplant recipients. The implications of this paper: Clinical nurses should conduct timely and multidimensional fatigue evaluations of kidney transplant recipients and pay more attention to those with a high level of fatigue.The findings can provide a scientific basis for kidney transplant specialist nurses to conduct targeted interventions and facilitate fatigue management for kidney transplant recipients. They can also help to develop fatigue intervention models based on the displeasure symptom theory to improve fatigue in kidney transplant recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present study aimed to examine the effects of a mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) program and deep relaxation exercises on pregnancy‐related anxiety levels. Materials and Methods: This randomized parallel‐group controlled trial was conducted with 95 pregnant women (MBSR: n = 32, deep relaxation exercises: n = 31, control: n = 32) between 1 August and 15 October 2022 with pregnant women who were registered at the pregnancy outpatient clinics of a hospital in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Türkiye. CONSORT guidelines were followed in our study. The participants in the MBSR group were given an eight‐session MBSR program, consisting of two sessions per week for 4 weeks, whereas the participants in the deep relaxation exercises group were asked to do exercises at home with deep relaxation videos four times a week for 4 weeks. The participants in the control group received only routine prenatal care. Results: The mean PRAQ‐R2 Fear of Giving Birth subscale scores of the participants in the MBSR and deep relaxation exercises groups after the intervention were lower than that of the participants in the control group. Additionally, the mean total PRAQ‐R2, PRAQ‐R2 Worries about Bearing a Physically or Mentally Handicapped Child subscale and PRAQ‐R2 Concern about One's Own Appearance subscale scores of the participants in the MBSR group were found to be significantly lower than the scores of those in the deep relaxation exercises and control groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The MBSR program is an effective method for reducing pregnancy‐related anxiety levels. Additionally, deep relaxation exercises are alternative practices for reducing the fear of giving birth among pregnant women. Trial registration: NCT05447000 Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Anxiety is common during pregnancy.Alternative methods are becoming important considering the effects of complications of medical treatment on the mother and the fetus from treatments for anxiety in the prenatal period.What this paper adds? The MBSR program is an effective method for reducing pregnancy‐related anxiety levels.Deep relaxation exercises are alternative practices for reducing the fear of giving birth among pregnant women.The implications of this paper: This research provides a solid basis for the use of an MBSR program during midwifery and nursing practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the effects of dyadic intervention on anxiety, depression, care burden and quality of life in informal caregivers of palliative patients with lung cancer. Background: Informal caregivers of palliative lung cancer patients bear a large number of negative emotions during the process of caring for the patients. Dyadic intervention has the potential for improving them but the overall effect is unclear. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data sources All randomized controlled trials were retrieved from the following databases until 4 May 2023: Web of Science, Embase Ovid, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Randomized Controlled Trials, Weipu, Wanfang and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Review methods: This review was performed by Stata 12.0 and Review Manager 5.3. Results: Thirteen randomized controlled trials were in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria (n = 1807). The results revealed that dyadic intervention significantly improved family caregivers' anxiety, depression and caregiver burden of palliative patients with lung cancer. There was no significant difference in quality of life between the dyadic intervention group and family caregivers who did not receive the dyadic intervention. Conclusions: Dyadic intervention positively impacts the experience of family caregivers of palliative patients with lung cancer. Summary statement: What is already known about the topic? Informal caregivers of palliative lung cancer patients bear a large number of negative emotions during the process of caring for the patients.The overall effect of dyadic intervention for informal caregivers of palliative patients with lung cancer is unclear on account of different results reported in existing studies. What this paper adds? Dyadic intervention could improve family caregivers' anxiety, depression and caregiver burden of palliative patients with lung cancer, even though it did not improve quality of life.Dyadic intervention positively impacts the experience of family caregivers of palliative patients with lung cancer. The implications of this paper: Medical personnel can provide personalized dyadic interventions based on the assessment of the palliative patient and their informal caregivers, such as providing illness understanding, symptom management and addressing psychosocial.Findings can be applied as a reference to help informal caregivers prevent potential emotional disturbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper traces water-related social concern, or hydro-anxiety, on Delhi’s rural periphery. It follows Matthew Gandy’s assertion that ‘the history of cities can be read as a history of water’, even as it expands the urban to encompass its extensions, including the surrounding rural belt. Building on community-engaged research, the paper describes the persistent anxieties around water since the 1950s, even as their specific articulations have changed in terms of both abundance and sensory qualities. Relating the shifts with local responses to the state’s civil works since the mid-1960s, it argues that as these villages become incorporated into urban systems, historical relations with water are brought within the patchy and uncertain ones that characterise engineered hydrologies of the Global South. The paper contributes to the debate on urban change in the metropolitan shadow by empirically underlining the agrarian entanglements of peri-urban experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As hypothesized in the Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model, metacognitive beliefs are associated with anxiety and depression in adults. An important question is the extent to which such effects are present in children and adolescents, with the implication that the model may also apply to young people. The aim of this meta-analysis was to synthesize results on the nature and magnitude of associations between metacognitive beliefs and anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Systematic searches were conducted to identify studies that investigated: (1) group differences in metacognitive beliefs in clinical compared to non-clinical samples or (2) correlations between metacognitive beliefs and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Forty papers were identified comprising a total sample of 9,887 participants aged 7–18 years. Meta-analyses revealed that clinical samples endorsed significantly elevated metacognitive beliefs on four out of the five domains measured (i.e., negative beliefs about worry, cognitive confidence, need for control, and cognitive self-consciousness, with the only exception being positive beliefs about worry) compared to non-clinical samples with a small to large effect (Hedges' g s = 0.45–1.22). Moreover, all five domains of metacognitive beliefs were significantly and positively correlated with symptoms of anxiety and depression of a small to large effect (r s =.24–.53). Negative beliefs about worry showed the strongest relationship with clinical status and the magnitude of symptoms. The number of studies did not allow for an evaluation of metacognitive beliefs at a disorder-specific level. In line with the S-REF model, our findings provide evidence of robust cross-sectional relationships between metacognitions and both anxiety and depression in childhood and adolescence. • Metacognitive beliefs are positively associated with anxiety and depression in adults. • A meta-analysis evaluating such relationships in young people is needed. • Forty papers were included with a total of 9,887 participants aged 7-18 years. • Clinical groups endorsed elevated metacognitions compared to non-clinical groups. • Metacognitive beliefs positively correlated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper aimed to identify the level of psychological hardiness, the level of death anxiety, and the level of existential vacuum among the elderly, also the role of the predictive ability of death anxiety and existential vacuum in the psychological hardiness of the elderly at the governorates of Tafilyah and Ma'an in light of the Corona pandemic in Jordan. The descriptive-analytical approach was utilized. sample consists (500) elderly, that were selected by a simple random approach. Then the needed statistical measure was operated to achieve the required results. The results indicated a low level of psychological hardiness, a high level of death anxiety, and an existential vacuum in the elderly. The results show a suitable predictive ability for each of death anxiety and the existential vacuum in reducing psychological hardiness. The research paper recommended the necessity of rehabilitating the elderly in Jordan regarding the mental and psychological aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In 2022 the total world migrant population was 281 million (an increase of approximately 62% compared to year 2000), of whom 169 million were migrant workers. The number of refugees, asylum seekers and others in need of international protection increased by 22% compared to 2021. Research has shown that the forcibly displaced have high rates of mental disorders (including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety), with an estimated prevalence almost 6 to 7 times higher than the general population. Given the increase of the overall migration phenomenon and the challenge raised by the cultural features concerning mental health, we consider that this is an area that requires close attention to ensure that culturally sensitive health services be available to the migrant and displaced population. Aims: The aim of this narrative review is to provide a background to the issue and take stock of what is currently available in the literature regarding culture-bound illnesses and the relevant diagnostic tools. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Psychinfo, Embase, Google Scholar, organized in stages to assure inclusion of all the relevant studies. Of the 703 papers initially identified, only 30 papers finally satisfied the inclusion criteria. Results: Eleven diagnostic scales were found, only two of which are being used for displaced people. Conclusions: Further work is required in this field, including a debate as to whether scales are indeed an appropriate tool for use with this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Looking at the rapidity the social media has gained ascendancy in the society, coupled with considerable shortage of addressing the health of the social media users, there is a pressing need for employing mechanized systems to help identify individuals at risk. In this study, we investigated potential of people's social media language in order to predict their vulnerability towards the future episode of mental distress. This work aims to (a) explore the most frequent affective expressions used by online users which reflect their mental health condition and (b) develop predictive models to detect users with risk of psychological distress. In this paper, dominant sentiment extraction techniques were employed to quantify the affective expressions and classify and predict the incident of psychological distress. We trained a set of seven supervised machine learning classifiers on logs crowd-sourced from 2500 Indian Social Networking Sites (SNS) users and validated with 3149 tweets collected from Indian Twitter. We test the model on these two different SNS datasets with different scales and ground truth labeling method and discuss the relationship between key factors and mental health. Performance of classifiers is evaluated at all classification thresholds; accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score. and experimental results show a better traction of accuracies ranging from ~ 82 to ~ 99% as compared to the models of relevant existing studies. Thus, this paper presents a mechanized decision support system to detect users' susceptibility towards mental distress and provides several evidences that it can be utilized as an efficient tool to preserve the psychological health of the social media users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify occupational conditions associated with anxiety and fatigue among Korean nurses in early pregnancy. Background: Pregnant nurses, like non‐pregnant hospital nurses, are exposed to dangerous and stressful work environments, which can affect fatigue and anxiety. Design and Methods: This cross‐sectional study enrolled 1490 nurses who participated in the early pregnancy module in the Korea Nurses' Health Study between 2014 and 2020. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were employed to identify the factors associated with anxiety and fatigue among nurses in early pregnancy. Results: One‐fifth of participants were working night shifts, and more than two‐thirds were working overtime. When using antineoplastic drugs and disinfectants, the rate of use of protective equipment varied depending on the size of the hospital. Working overtime and lifting heavy objects were associated with increased anxiety and fatigue among nurses. Conclusion: Overtime work was associated with both anxiety and fatigue among pregnant nurses. Pregnant hospital nurses were exposed to both night shift and overtime work. Therefore, hospital managers should improve hazardous working environments to protect the health of nurses in early pregnancy and their fetuses. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Nurses in early pregnancy are exposed to work environments that can affect their reproductive health.The relationship between mental health and work environment among nurses in early pregnancy is poorly understood. What this paper adds? Despite legal guidelines, some pregnant nurses performed potentially harmful work such as night shifts, overtime and heavy lifting.There were differences in the occupational risks to which the study participants were exposed depending on hospital size.Overtime and heavy lifting were related to anxiety and fatigue in study participants. The implications of this paper: To protect nurses in early pregnancy, an appropriate maternal safety programme should be developed for hospital work environments.Education programmes should be implemented for nurses in early pregnancy on safety guidelines such as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).Physically difficult tasks can increase fatigue and anxiety among nurses in early pregnancy, so legal and institutional regulations focusing on safe working environments should be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the second in a series of studies assessing the usability and reliability of a novel voice-based delivery system of mental health screening assessments. The previous study demonstrated the reliability and patient preference of a voice-based format of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ 9) for measuring major depression compared to a traditional paper format. Through this study, we further examined the Amazon Alexa tool in the administration of the General Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD 7). With a replicated methodology to the first study, 40 newly administered patients completed the GAD 7 in one format at their first session and the alternate format at their follow up. Results from the new in clinic population replicated the findings observed in the first PHQ 9 study: GAD 7 assessment scores for the Alexa and paper version showed a high degree of reliability (α = 0.77), patients showed higher overall positive attitudes for the voice-based GAD 7 format, and subscales for attractiveness, stimulation, and novelty were significantly higher for the voiced-based format. Results also demonstrated 42 (84%) of the 50 patients who completed the voice-based format responded as being willing to use the device from home. With new recommendations of universal screening of anxiety disorders for patients below the age of 65 and rapid changes in virtual mental healthcare, convenient screenings are more important than ever. We believe this novel clinical assessment tool has the potential to improve patient behavioral healthcare while mitigating the workload of healthcare professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of Artificial intelligence (AI) technology, more and more AI-based smart devices are being applied in the service. Although this brings many benefits to enterprises and consumers, AI's rapid development and application also induces consumers' anxiety. This negative emotion affects consumers' cognitive decision-making process. However, previous studies have focused more on the impact of positive emotion induced by AI and less on negative emotion induced by AI. Therefore, this paper starts from the negative emotion induced by AI and builds an influencing factor model of unmanned smart hotels (USH) resistance guided by feelings-as-information theory (FIT) and innovation resistance theory (IRT). Based on 355 questionnaires, the data are empirically tested. The results show that surveillance anxiety and delegation anxiety induced by AI positively impact functional barriers evaluation of USH, and functional barriers evaluation of USH has a positive impact on USH resistance. This paper enriches the research results in AI and USH by exploring the factors affecting USH resistance and providing suggestions for USH's future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex mental illness characterized by mood fluctuations, excitability and impaired functioning. Anxiety in BD patients frequently leads to increased clinical symptoms, worse social functioning, and a higher risk of suicide. Current research on BD with anxiety symptom primarily examined clinical characteristics, prevalence and treatment, with limited focus and inconsistent findings on its neuro-biogenetic mechanisms. The findings in this area were also inconsistent. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), known for its non-invasive nature and high resolution, is extensively utilized in investigating disease mechanisms. Consequently, this paper gave a comprehensive review on the progress in brain imaging on BD patients with anxiety symptom, seeking to discern stable changes in brain structure and function, thereby enrich our understanding of the neurobiological etiology of this condition and offer valuable insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies making. This paper covered 14 original studies and synthesized their findings on brain structure and function. Conclusively, the changes of brain functional activities in BD patients with anxiety symptom mainly involve the prefrontal lobe, posterior cingulate cortex, temporal lobe and angular gyrus, while the changes of brain structure mainly involve the left hippocampus and middle frontal gyrus, but the consistency of the research results needs to be enhanced. The research in this field is not sufficient, and more homogeneous clinical samples and larger longitudinal studies are needed to verify and supplement the above results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing studies on language learner emotions mainly focus on Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) and Foreign Language Enjoyment (FLE). They are primarily conducted in offline learning settings. This paper reports the empirical findings of an exploratory investigation conducted in a fully synchronous online learning environment for ab initio Korean. Through an Achievement Emotions Questionnaire administered to 117 students in an Australian university, this study measures learners' pride as well as their enjoyment and anxiety during four teaching weeks. In addition, this paper examines how learner emotions correlate with academic achievement as well as crucial learner and teacher variables. The study confirms many patterns of learner emotions in offline teaching environments, such as the association of positive emotions with positive outcomes and with some teacher characteristics, and the association of anxiety with negative outcomes. However, it also reveals patterns that appear to be new, warranting further empirical studies. The pedagogical implications of results for L2 teaching and learning are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotionally-based school avoidance (EBSA) is an important driver of persistent school absenteeism and may have worsened in the context of COVID-19. This paper describes the development of a brief parent-focused psychosocial intervention with the goal to address the lack of accessible early interventions for EBSA. The developmental process used a person-based approach with two phases. In Phase 1, qualitative data were collected about intervention preferences and priorities from N = 10 parents and N = 7 practitioners in a series of co-design workshops. Phase 2 refined an intervention blueprint based on iterative consultations with N = 4 parents and N = 3 practitioners. Framework analysis was used to organise findings around key intervention parameters, including relevant mechanisms, content, and delivery methods needed to provide effective, acceptable and feasible support for families affected by EBSA. The resulting blueprint incorporates three online modules to be delivered over three weeks with each module consisting of psychoeducational videos, self-completed learning tasks and a corresponding coaching session. Respective module content includes: (i) self-care strategies to increase parent wellbeing and self-efficacy; (ii) parenting strategies to change behavioural patterns that maintain child distress and avoidance of school; and (iii) strategic communication strategies to increase the quality of home-school relationships. The blueprint has been developed into a full prototype for a forthcoming feasibility study. Plain language summary: Since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, there has been a noticeable increase in children missing school. One significant contributor to this rise in absences is Emotionally-Based School Avoidance (EBSA). EBSA refers to a situation where a child stays home from school due to feelings of anxiety and distress about attending. Accessing timely support for children with EBSA can be difficult due to lengthy waiting lists for child and adolescent mental health services. This paper outlines the creation of a new, brief psychosocial intervention aimed at helping parents support their child experiencing EBSA. The development process involved two phases. In the first phase, we collaborated with 10 parents and 7 practitioners to gather ideas about the kind of support families require, what should be included in the intervention, and how to make it practical for families to use. Based on these discussions, we formulated a plan for the new intervention. The second phase refined this plan of the intervention to ensure its suitability for families. The intervention is called ISAAC: Intervention for School Anxiety and Absenteeism in Children. ISAAC consists of three online modules to be completed by parents over a three-week period. Each module includes videos, reflection activities and homework tasks which help the parent learn a new skill or try a different way of responding to their child's anxiety about attending school. Parents are also supported by a coach. The first module encourages parents to take care of their own wellbeing and manage stress. The second module helps parents to learn new ways to respond to their child's distress related to school attendance, while the third module provides guidance on effective communication with the child's school. The next step for this intervention is to see whether it is agreeable to parents and practical to deliver in the real-world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people often rely on family carers to access support for their mental health. However, stigma can be a barrier to help seeking for young people and families. Little research has been undertaken with young people who experience highly stigmatised symptoms, such as psychosis spectrum symptoms, and even less research has been conducted with parents and carers, meaning barriers to help go unchallenged. Therefore, this narrative review aimed to explore stories of family experiences of seeking help for young people with symptoms associated with the psychosis spectrum. Sources searched were PsycINFO and PubMed. Reference lists of the selected papers were also cross-checked to ensure the search had not missed potential papers for inclusion. Searches returned 139 results, of which 12 were identified for inclusion. A narrative analytic approach was adopted to synthesise qualitative findings to provide a nuanced interpretation of help-seeking experiences. The narrative synthesis provided an opportunity to identify differences, similarities, and patterns across the studies to tell a cumulative emancipatory narrative of family experiences of seeking help for psychosis spectrum symptoms. Help-seeking experiences had a relational impact on families, with stress adding to conflict and anxieties inhibiting hopefulness, although families could emerge stronger and assertively with compassionate support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: According to the United Nations Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), children and adolescents represent 41% of all forcibly displaced individuals. They have to deal with conflicts, violence, and the many difficulties of flight and resettlement during a critical stage of their emotional, social, cognitive, and physical development. They are more likely to experience mental health problems during migration. Despite the several known risk factors, it is frequently challenging for refugees and asylum seekers to get mental health care. In this paper we review available studies on interventions aimed at promoting mental health and at preventing common mental disorders in immigrant adolescents and children. Methods: The relevant PubMed, Scopus, PsychINFO and Web of Science databases were searched for papers published until March 21, 2023, using ("immigrants" OR "migration" OR "asylum seekers" OR "refugees") AND ("promotion" OR "prevention") AND ("mental health" OR "mental disorders" OR "psych*") AND ("children" OR "adolescents" OR "young adults") as search string. Fourteen articles qualified for the detailed review. Results and Conclusions: The majority of available interventions, although highly heterogeneous in format and content, showed significant improvement in several psychopathological dimensions, including trauma-related symptoms, psychological stress, anxiety, depressive and cognitive symptoms. Available studies on interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of mental health in refugees and asylum seekers children and adolescents indicate that provided interventions were associated with a global improvement for participants. Implementation strategies to improve their scalability are highly needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of context, which explores relations between societal conditions and science, has a long and contentious tradition in the history, philosophy, and sociology of science. While the problem has received little explicit attention in recent years, two contemporary positions remain evident. First is the resources model , which seeks to maintain the autonomy of scientists by denying contextual influence, restricting the role of contexts to providing a pool of 'novel inputs'. Second is the contextual shaping position which recognizes that societal conditions influence science but remains conceptually vague and theoretically undeveloped. This paper argues, given current disciplinary conditions, the problem of context deserves renewed attention. In this paper I first review the history of the debate from the 1930s, highlighting several anxieties that continue to hamper the open study of the problem. After this historical review, I provide a critique of the resources model and assess the possibilities and shortfalls of the contextual shaping position. By addressing past and present perspectives, my goal is to move firmly beyond narrow accounts of context, as exemplified by the resources model. Instead, I propose a renewed program of research in which rich empirical studies are combined with equally rich theoretical work directed toward developing conceptual tools better able to capture the multiple intricacies evident in context-science relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 has caused psychological distress such as anxiety and fear among nurses worldwide. Nurses are a creditable source of vaccine‐related information and have a primary role in building confidence regarding vaccines. Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the fear and anxiety of nurses regarding novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and their attitudes towards the COVID‐19 vaccine. The predictors of fear, anxiety and attitudes towards the vaccine were also investigated. Methods: A descriptive and correlational design was used. The study was conducted in three public hospitals from different parts of the Turkey, and 405 nurses from the three hospitals were recruited by stratified sampling. Results: Anxiety and negative attitudes towards the vaccine were positively related to fear of COVID‐19. Age and fear were also positively associated with anxiety related to COVID‐19. Nurses who had received the vaccine and those who were fearful had a positive attitude towards the vaccine. Conclusion: Psychosocial support programmes should be implemented to improve psychological resilience and coping strategies in nurses and organized education programmes are needed to increase positive attitudes towards vaccination. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The COVID‐19 pandemic significantly affected the psychological health of nurses.Nurses have a fundamental function in the general acceptance of vaccines. What this paper adds? Relationships were found between COVID‐19‐related fear, anxiety and attitudes towards the COVID‐19 vaccine.Anxiety and a positive attitude towards the vaccine were found to be predictors of fear related to COVID‐19.Fear related to COVID‐19 and being vaccinated against COVID‐19 were predictors of attitudes towards vaccination. The implications of this paper: Nursing managers could organize programmes to improve the coping skills of nurses in responding to situations that cause psychological burden.Nursing managers could support nurses through education to develop positive attitudes towards vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Studies of the effects of COVID‐19, especially post‐acute COVID‐19 syndrome, on psychological health in non‐severe cases are limited. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated risk factors of psychological symptoms, and quality‐of‐life in three groups of outpatients, hospitalized and intensive care patients. Methods: A total 276 patients, previously confirmed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, attending the COVID‐19 follow‐up outpatient clinic from December 2020 to July 2021 were interviewed face‐to‐face. In this cross‐sectional, retrospective study, all participants were asked our self‐designed demographic and screening questions to assess their psychological symptoms and administered the WHQOOL‐BREF survey to evaluate quality of life. Results: In screening questions, major depressive disorder symptoms were detected at a rate of 20.3%, generalized anxiety disorder symptoms at a rate of 16.7%, panic attack symptoms at a rate of 10.9%, post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms at a rate of 28.6% and obsessive‐compulsive disorder symptoms at a rate of 18.1%. The outpatient group with COVID‐19 infection had a higher risk of developing psychological symptoms and decreased quality of life. Conclusion: COVID‐19 infection was found to have a considerable psychological impact on those treated as outpatients despite the less severe course of their illness. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Post‐intensive care syndrome affects physical, cognitive and psychological health.It is associated with symptoms such as generalized weakness, memory disturbances, cognitive function impairment, depression, anxiety and post‐traumatic stress disorder.Some physical and psychological symptoms persist for over 12 weeks in some patients and have been classified as 'Post‐acute COVID‐19 Condition or Syndrome' (PCS). What this paper adds? At the post‐acute‐COVID‐19 period, a considerable number of outpatients with COVID‐19 infection were at higher risk for psychological distress symptoms than those who had been treated in the hospital or intensive care unit.Depression, anxiety, panic disorder and PTSD symptoms were found to be higher in outpatients and those with these symptoms were also shown to have a lower quality of life.Our findings highlight the significant psychological impact of COVID‐19 on patients, even after their reported recovery from the acute manifestations of this disease. The implications of this paper: Ongoing psychological symptoms in the post‐COVID period are not associated with the severity of the disease in the acute phase.It is important that healthcare professionals are equally concerned not only with physical condition of post‐COVID‐19 patients but also with their psychological state and the patient's psychology‐related quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to address the uncertainty of some non‐Western learners about the applicability of Bowen theory to Asian culture, as the theory was developed out of research on Western families and stresses defining self. Scepticism is due to the commonly held view that Asian families are collectivistic while Western families are more individualistic. This paper reviews the basic tenets of Bowen theory and its underlying premise that families are regulated by emotional processes that also operate in all living beings, that is, biological and universal. Bowen theory studies the emotional processes of families and how they react to anxiety. Viewed in this way, the theory certainly can be a useful framework for understanding family and enhancing family functioning, regardless of culture, ethnicity, and geography. The paper further discusses the use of Bowen theory in working with Asian families and Asian women, with case illustrations in enhancing mature and flexible practice of cultural values and increasing differentiation of self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endogenous opioid neuropeptide Beta-endorphin is produced in the pituitary gland and stored in vesicles, it is an analgesic and relieves pain. The natural compound morphine is widely used as a painkiller and is much more potent than any other first-line and second-line pain management however it is only used in emergencies because it results in addiction, thus sometimes results in drug tolerance. Therefore, a healthy lifestyle and healthy practices like exercises, laughter, and meditation can elevate beta-endorphin release and help in pain management, improving mental and heart health. Natural compounds like curcumin, capsaicin can boost beta-endorphin synthesis in peripheral sites and overcome stress and improve mental health. This paper reflects on the role of exercise in pain management and how regular laughter can enlighten the mood and help the individual overcome depression, anxiety, and stress. This paper also reflects light on the natural substances that can boost beta-endorphin in the body as well as the compounds that prevent the beta-endorphin release, how body fluids can be used to detect the presence of beta-endorphin level, and methods to detect it. The available standard laboratory methods are not very specific for beta-endorphin. The future approach of biosensors for beta-endorphin can improve the sensitivity and selectivity for beta-endorphin. • Role of physical activities in boosting Beta-endorphin. • Natural compounds that can boost Beta-endorphin. • Relation between exercise, laughter with heart health. • Standard laboratory techniques for beta-endorphin detection. • Future advancement for beta-endorphin detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article announces the papers that won the "Stress and Health" Top Papers Award 2021, including "Work From Home Today for a Better Tomorrow! How Working From Home Influences Work-Family Conflict and Employees' Start of the Next Workday," "Midlife Family Financial Strain, Sense of Control and Pain in Later Years: An Investigation of Rural Husbands and Wives," and "Effectiveness of a Low-dose Mindfulness-based Intervention for Alleviating Distress in Young Unemployed Adults."

Objectives: A life interference measure specifically designed for young adults with anxiety and depressive symptoms does not currently exist. This paper describes the development and psychometric evaluation of a brief self‐report measure of life interference associated with young adult anxiety and depression, the Child Anxiety and Depression Life Interference Scale – Young Adult version (CADLIS‐YA). Design: Cross‐sectional, correlational and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Methods: Five‐hundred and thirty‐two participants aged 18–24 years recruited from an undergraduate and community sample completed the CADLIS‐YA. Results: An EFA supported a three‐factor model describing the impact of young adult anxiety and depression on social life, family and daily life interference. Test–retest reliability and internal consistency were good to excellent. Convergent validity was demonstrated, and the scale differentiated between young adults with and without elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms. Support for divergent validity was limited. Conclusions: The CADLIS‐YA is a reliable and valid life interference measure for young adults with symptoms of anxiety and depression. It is potentially suitable for administration in low‐resource research settings and it has promise for use in clinical settings; however, it needs validation in a clinical sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing and building rapport is a crucial aspect of research interviews with children and families. With interviews increasingly conducted via online platforms, such as Teams and Zoom, researchers are challenged to reflect on relational aspects, such as building rapport, when using this medium and how approaches may need to be nuanced. This is of particular significance when the topic of the interview is potentially sensitive or may cause distress to a child. This paper builds on the CHE (Connectivity, Humanness, Empathy) principles for building rapport and trust in face-to-face by extending these principles to the phenomenon of online interviews with children on sensitive or distressing topics. It draws on an investigation into the experiences of children with dyslexia to illustrate the value of employing the CHE principles and a range of strategies to reduce potential vulnerability or levels of anxiety of participants. The examples provided illustrate how research via online interviews with children on sensitive or distressing topics in an online environment need not detract from the researcher's ability to build trust create and an empathetic rapport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although substantial research indicates that considerations about status can lead to anxiety and other negative outcomes, a valid measure of the importance individuals attribute to status is lacking. This paper introduces the Status Importance Scale (SIS), a mono‐factorial 10‐item self‐report questionnaire that quantifies how important a person deems status to be. Five studies validate the scale showing that it has excellent internal reliability and acceptable test–retest reliability, it correlates with several related measures (supporting convergent validity), it shows little correlation with theoretically unrelated constructs (supporting discriminant validity), it is the best predictor of conspicuous consumption compared with other potential candidates (supporting concurrent validity), and it can help predicting which activities one gives importance to (further supporting concurrent validity). Finally, as hypothesized by previous literature, the last study reveals that the SIS can predict status anxiety. The SIS can contribute to research regarding important phenomena such as the detrimental psychological effects of income inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Screen-based simulation is a cost-effective educational modality that allows nursing students to comfortably acquire new skills as they become accustomed to digital environments. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a screen-based simulation tool in enhancing knowledge and skills related to medication administration and dosage calculation in nursing students. Methods: This multicenter, single-blind, stratified, randomized controlled trial initially enrolled 480 nursing students. The 351 students eligibles were randomly allocated to two groups. Using a screen-based simulation tool (SIMDOSE®), the intervention group was trained in drug administration and dosage calculation through four perfusion clinical cases. The control group underwent the same training content using the paper-and-pencil method. knowledge and skills acquisition, Students' satisfaction, self-confidence and anxiety were analyzed using Jamovi software (version 2.3.18). Results: 4 out of 5 main variables examined were significantly different, specifically in dosage calculation, where the simulation group excelled both in the knowledge post-test (post – pre = 1.00 (20%); p = 0.004) and in the objective structured clinical examination (p = 0.013). The intervention group reported higher levels of satisfaction and self-confidence than the control group (p < 0.001). Their moderate anxiety levels didn't differ significantly (0.161). Conclusion: The SIMDOSE® platform can be used as a supplementary teaching method of dosage calculation for nursing students. Screen-based simulation has benefits that nurse educators should be aware of, such as being a key to more satisfied and confident students. Trial registration: This Moroccan clinical trial was prospectively registered (16/05/2023) in the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (pactr.samrc.ac.za) with trial registration number PACTR202305505743210. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Binge-watching has become increasingly popular in recent years. Although it can provide a form of entertainment and mood regulation, it has also been associated with adverse mental health issues. In this study, we explored the association between binge-watching behavior and mental health. Methods: Using a cross-sectional survey conducted from May to November 2018, we surveyed 535 participants over 18 years old from Ain Shams University by using a combination of online and pen-and-paper methods. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and TV series watching patterns were collected, and participants completed the Binge-Watching Engagement and Symptoms Questionnaire (BWESQ), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18), and the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS). Results: Among the 535 participants surveyed, 333 were retained and divided into three groups (i.e., non-binge-watchers, trouble-free binge-watchers, and problematic binge-watchers) in accordance with previous binge-watching research. Significant between-group differences were found in terms of relationship status, commonly used devices (mobile, laptop, TV), and perceived dependency on TV series watching. Problematic binge-watchers showed significantly higher scores for all BWESQ and BSI-18 subscales. Conclusion: Trouble-free binge-watchers and problematic binge-watchers were more likely to be single than non-binge-watchers and demonstrated a marked preference for using mobile phones and laptops over traditional television. A significant positive relationship was found between problematic binge-watching and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Writing differently presents numerous challenges, impossibilities, and anxieties. While literature underscores the significance of cultivating new writing forms, the actual experience of writing differently remains obscure. This paper seeks to better understand how alternative forms of writing can be enacted. More specifically, it aims to explore how writing differently affects the process of becoming an academiX, by analyzing our collective and individual experiences within Compo·X, a collective of PhD students. We perceive our doctoral experience as a liminal one, a transitional phase that reshapes our identities. We illustrate how our distinct writing practices facilitated the development of a shared identity and an environment for growth in academic world often known for its lack of inclusivity. At the end, we show how writing differently and collective writing helped us to swim against the tide and served as a platform for micro-revolutions within us and academia’s competitive and normative culture and organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMethodsResultsConclusion\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION:The review aims to identify what characteristics are reported in randomised controlled trials for the non-pharmacological management of post-stroke anxiety and/or depression and whether research has explored the correlation between participant characteristics and their outcomes.A comprehensive systematic search was completed of five databases: CINAHL, Medline, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and The World Health Organisation. Google Scholar was also accessed. The reporting of participant characteristics was assessed by adapting the PROGRESS-Plus framework, a research framework of protected characteristics known to impact health equity (such as, age).19 papers (n = 2187) were included. There was generally poor reporting of characteristics associated with an increased likelihood of post-stroke anxiety and/or depression. All studies reported the gender/sex of participants, 18 studies reported the age of participants, and 11 studies reported lesion location. None of the studies reported the sexual orientation or pre-existing disabilities of participants.There was variation in the reporting and analyses of protected characteristics. Future research should follow a health equity framework to ensure reporting of protected characteristics to support clinicians in identifying whether the proposed interventions are relevant to their stroke population and consider undergoing subgroup analyses to compare outcomes across protected characteristics.Overall review on the reporting of protected characteristics known to impact the engagement with services and outcomes of stroke survivors.Reviewing the lack of reporting on who is taking part in stroke research and how this impacts evidence-based practice in stroke services.Identifying how demographic and social factors can impact post-stroke anxiety and depression rehabilitation.Supporting the understanding of the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for post-stroke anxiety and/or depression across subgroups.Identification of which characteristics should be reported in services and in stroke rehabilitation research.Furthering the consideration of health equity in stroke rehabilitation research.Overall review on the reporting of protected characteristics known to impact the engagement with services and outcomes of stroke survivors.Reviewing the lack of reporting on who is taking part in stroke research and how this impacts evidence-based practice in stroke services.Identifying how demographic and social factors can impact post-stroke anxiety and depression rehabilitation.Supporting the understanding of the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for post-stroke anxiety and/or depression across subgroups.Identification of which characteristics should be reported in services and in stroke rehabilitation research.Furthering the consideration of health equity in stroke rehabilitation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our paper explores in a large Romanian sample (2168 adolescents) the relational costs and benefits of the number of friends at school. Using the MEDCURVE procedure to test the non-linear mediation effects, our results show that psychological safety, bullying and negative relations mediate the association between the number of friends and depression and anxiety, while social acceptance and bullying mediate the association between the number of friends and academic self-efficacy. In general, our results show that the relational benefits of friendship tend to diminish as the number of friends increase, in general over 9 friends (depending on the relational state) and parents, teachers and school counselors should help adolescents manage their number of friends in order to prevent the relational costs associated with engaging in too many (superficial) friendships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses a gap in the literature by exploring the longitudinal effects of hassles in mediating the relationship between neuroticism and the tripartite model of depression and anxiety. The research investigates these associations in a large sample of university students, utilising baseline and 6‐month follow‐up data. Initial assessments involved participants completing measures for neuroticism, depression and anxiety symptoms, and the occurrence of stress, followed by monthly assessments of stress, anxiety symptom and mood symptoms over a 6‐month period. Our results illuminate the mediating role of daily hassles in the relationship between neuroticism and various dimensions of anxiety and depression, including general distress, specific depression, and anxiety symptoms. These findings underscore the significant impact of neuroticism and hassles on a broad spectrum of mood symptoms, offering valuable insights for both research and clinical practice. Discussions around the implications of these findings are provided in the our paper, where we also outline potential directions for future research and clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including South Africa, there is a paucity of psychosocial support services. Therefore, services are often provided in schools by non-government organisations like Community Keepers (CK). The COVID-19 pandemic and resultant restrictions meant that children and young people's (CYP) lives changed, negatively affecting their mental health. Further, organisations like CK had to change their working processes. Method: This project compared routinely collected data from CK from 2019 (pre-pandemic) to 2020 (pandemic) to describe the changes that occurred in referral patterns to, and service provision by, CK. Results: Both pre-pandemic and during the pandemic, most referrals of CYP were for emotional/psychological support and behavioural difficulties. In 2020, referrals for general guidance increased, whilst referrals for peer group issues and sexuality decreased. Further, CK completed more brief check-ins, provided wellbeing workshops to increased numbers of teachers, parents and CYP, and had more consultation sessions with other service providers during the pandemic. Discussion: Routinely collected data from this community-based service in a LMIC context shows differences in the way that support was provided, and to whom, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical implications, including the importance of increasing access to psychosocial support via technology, are included. Plain language summary: The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacted children, young people and families who are most vulnerable, including those in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Within LMICs, the lack of trained psychological professionals and investment in mental healthcare interventions means access to help is limited. School-based provision, which may increase access to mental health support was curtailed during school closures when face-to face service provision was prohibited. It is well-documented that the COVID-19 pandemic impacted CYP's mental and emotional well-being. However, it is less well understood how the need and service provision of third sector non-government organisations changed during this time. Thus, we partnered with a non-government organisation, Community Keepers (CK) who are based in Western Cape, South Africa to understand how referral patterns changed from 2019 (pre-pandemic) to 2020 (peri-pandemic) and explore the specific adaptations that CK made to service provision. CK aims to provide free mental health care services to CYP, their parents (legal guardians / primary caregivers; henceforth referred to as parents) and teachers, on-site at schools (www.communitykeepers.org). Results suggest that both pre-pandemic and during the pandemic, most referrals of CYP were for emotional/psychological support and behavioural difficulties. In 2020, referrals for general guidance and chronic/serious illness increased, whilst referrals for peer group issues and sexuality decreased. Further, CK completed wellbeing workshops to increased numbers of teachers, parents and CYP, and had more consultation sessions with other service providers during the pandemic. In addition, COVID-19 restrictions necessitated a reduction in face-to-face sessions and a move towards more systemic support as well as telephonic and/or online support to individuals. This paper demonstrates that should another global crisis like the Covid-19 pandemic occur, necessitating school closures and/or restrictions to in-person interaction, it will be important for organisations working in schools, particularly with CYP who are particularly vulnerable, to pivot their provision to enable continued support. Further, specific recommendations for CK were given regarding data collection, that can be used to support growth and understanding service provision patterns across similar settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper employs the notion of a "career script" as a conceptual basis to examine how age-based academic career norms are internalized, strategized, and reproduced among PhD students aspiring to become academics. It draws on interviews with 70 PhD students at leading universities in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau that were organized and explored using narrative inquiry. The findings suggest that the tournament-like, age-based career scripts are primarily shaped by institutional policies on recruitment and funding applications and reinforced through social interactions. Doctoral students internalize the established criteria for success defined by the career scripts and stigmatize those who lag behind in the attainment of institutionally predetermined milestones, thus discouraging any attempt to rescript career norms. While enacting successful career scripts, students experience age and temporal anxiety at a fairly young age, exacerbating ageism in the academic labor market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The causal effect of successive population-wide lockdowns in response to increased COVID-19 cases on mental health has yet to be examined using robust methods. A natural experiment design underpinned by objective data can improve our understanding surrounding the definitive impact of social distancing restrictions. Methods: The study employed a natural experiment design underpinned by objective data. Health service cost for visits to general practitioners and psychologists and medication dispensing costs served as objective measures of mental health. Difference-in-difference (DID) estimators, which in this study quantify differences in spending changes between groups over time, were produced based on three comparisons: Victoria 2020 lockdown comparison, Victoria 2021 lockdown comparison, and New South Wales (NSW) 2021 lockdown comparison. Specifically, differences in public health service spending during lockdown periods and the same timeframe in 2019 for Victoria and NSW, and control groups (remaining states and territories), were compared. Results: Positive estimator values indicate that public health service spending for Victoria and NSW increased more during lockdown periods compared to control states and territories. The Victorian lockdowns of 2020 and 2021, but not the NSW lockdown of 2021, resulted in increased public spending for general practitioner mental health consults (2020 DID estimator: $8498.96 [95% CI $4012.84, $12,373.57], 2021 DID estimator: $6630.06 [95% CI $41.27, $13,267.20], all monetary values in AUD$) and short visits to psychologists (2020 DID estimator: $628.82 [95% CI $466.25, $796.00], 2021 DID estimator: $230.11 [95% CI $47.52, $373.98]). The first Victorian lockdown in 2020 and the NSW lockdown in 2021 resulted in greater spending on short visits to clinical psychologists. Spending on long visits to psychologists and clinical psychologists and medication spending did not change. Conclusions: Strict lockdowns can have an adverse impact on population mental health. The impact is particularly evident in those who have a history of previous mental health concerns but does not necessitate extra use of medications, suggesting that psychological care can address the adverse impact of the lockdowns. What is known about the topic? Previous research varied in methodology, using self-reports and healthcare data to understand COVID-19 social distancing public health measures' effects on mental health. What does this paper add? This study introduces robust, objective data via a natural experiment design, examining the impact of successive lockdowns on mental health service usage and medication expenditures in specific Australian regions. What are the implications for practitioners? Findings highlight the need for flexible mental health services that can swiftly respond to increased demands during prolonged restrictions, without necessarily increasing medication use, guiding future policy and resource allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to compare the relative physical recovery and symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection between groups confirmed positive or negative to early strains of COVID-19. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal cohort study compared outcomes of metropolitan adults polymerase chain reaction-tested for COVID-19 between March and November 2020 in Western Australia. Control matching was attempted: inpatients (gender, age) and ambulatory clinic (gender, age, asthma, chronic pulmonary disease). One-year follow-up involved three repeated measures: physical function (grip strength and 1-min sit-to-stand) and patient-reported outcomes (Fatigue Severity Scale, modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale and Euroqol-5D-5L). Results: Three hundred and forty-four participants were recruited (154 COVID+, age 54 ± 18 years, 75 females [49%]); 190 COVID−, age 52 ± 16 years, 67 females [35%]) prior to national vaccination roll-out. No between-group differences in physical function measures were evident at any time point. Fatigue (OR 6.62, 95% CI 2.74–15.97) and dyspnoea (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.14–4.30) were higher in the COVID+ group at second assessment (T2). On Euroqol-5D-5L, no between-group differences were evident in the physical function domains of self-care, mobility or usual activities at any time point. However, COVID+ participants were less likely to report an absence of anxiety or depression symptoms at T2 (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.19–0.89). Conclusions: Neither statistical nor clinically meaningful differences in physical function were evident between COVID+ and COVID− participants to 12-months after acute illness. Symptoms of fatigue, dyspnoea, anxiety or depression were more prevalent in the COVID+ group til ~8 months after illness with between-group differences no longer evident at 1 year. What is known about the topic? COVID-19 evokes multi-system sequelae including persistent physical and mental health symptoms, functional impairments and poorer quality of life. What does this paper add? A COVID+ group had equivalent physical recovery over 12 months; but higher prevalence of fatigue, dyspnoea and anxiety/depression symptoms at ~8 months compared to a COVID− group. What are the implications for practitioners? Health authorities and employers should know that while adequate physical function may return within months, post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 impair sufferers for over 6 months, likely necessitating healthcare support and workplace adjustments to optimise timely return to participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper introduces a theoretical model that addresses the interplay between insecure attachment, internal narratives, and defensive behaviour. Drawing from attachment theory research, we conceptualize the "internalized defensive narrative" (IDN) as a mental representation associated with attachment-insecurity. The model illustrates how the unique IDN associated with attachment-anxiety and attachment-avoidance respectively invoke hyperactivating and deactivating defenses. In clinical contexts, the model's application may possibly contribute to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies that target the root causes of a client's defensive behaviour. By recognizing the IDN as a key factor in the maintenance of the insecure cycle, therapists can potentially help clients gain insights into the psychological mechanisms driving their behaviour and provide them with tools for change, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes for individuals struggling with these issues. Further research is needed to validate and elaborate on the proposed model and its implications for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relatively few studies in the field of second language acquisition have undertaken to investigate the interrelationships of constellations of individual difference variables. This is certainly true of how complexes of ID factors impact motivation to learn an additional language. In order to address this gap, the paper reports a study that examined the ways in which enjoyment, anxiety, boredom, L2 grit and self-perceived competence interact with each other and affect motivated learning behaviour in the case of 238 Iranian students majoring in English. The data were collected through an online questionnaire and, following confirmatory factor analysis, were subjected to path analysis. Among other things, the results showed that intended effort was the consequence of a complex interplay of factors, with the combined impact of these factors not always being obvious. It was also revealed that L2 motivation may in some circumstances be positively influenced by academic emotions that are generally considered to have a detrimental effect on L2 learning (i.e. anxiety, boredom). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Current models of loneliness emphasise the role of maladaptive cognitions in causing and/or maintaining loneliness. However, standardised paradigms to experimentally examine the role of maladaptive cognition in loneliness are lacking, making it difficult to establish causality. This paper tested a mock online chat paradigm designed to induce changes in negative affect (loneliness, depression, and anxiety), and strength of belief in lonely thoughts, by manipulating comparative and normative fit. Methods: Participants (N = 59) were randomised into either the loneliness arm (i.e., loneliness induction chat followed by a social connectedness induction chat), or the social connectedness arm (i.e., two separate social connectedness induction chats), and subsequently completed outcome measures. Results: The experimental paradigm significantly and specifically increased lonely affect; however, this was associated with non-significant changes in strength of belief in lonely thoughts. The social connectedness induction chat led to significant reductions in broad negative affect for both groups, with these effects accruing across chats for participants in the social connectedness arm. Conclusion: Experimentally manipulating comparative and normative fit to either emphasise differences or similarities between an individual and group members is an effective paradigm for increasing lonely affect or decreasing general negative affect, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, Short Form (DASS-21) was developed for adults, its authors noted no compelling reasons to not use the measure with youth as young as 12 years. Despite increasingly widespread use with youth, psychometric evidence in support of its use with this population needs to be investigated to fully understand its utility. Objective: The goal of this paper was to conduct a systematic review to identify and appraise evidence for the psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, Short Form (DASS-21) when used with youth populations. Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this systematic review identified 18 studies that reported relevant information on the psychometrics of the DASS-21 with youth samples. Each article was coded for evidence of three indicators of particular importance to progress monitoring: reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. Results: Studies have found varied factor structures (i.e., 1–4 factors) for the DASS-21 and validity evidence based on relations to other variables has been limited. As such, further research is needed to understand the utility of the depression, anxiety, and stress subscales. Furthermore, no information is currently available about the sensitivity to change of the measure. Conclusions: Most studies reporting psychometric properties in this review utilized the DASS-21 with mixed-gender groups of secondary school students, thus supporting its use with similar populations. Pending additional inquiry, however, both researchers and practitioners are encouraged to utilize the total score, for which stronger evidence of reliability and validity exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]