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Ball-roller dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae exhibit two nesting patterns ranging from simple nests (nesting pattern IV) to highly complex nests with parental care (nesting pattern V). Most species of the genus Canthon build a simple nest formed by a single brood ball that is abandoned after oviposition. We studied the nesting behaviour and brood ball architecture of two dung beetle species from South America. Canthon unicolor (Blanchard, 1846) and C. histrio (Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau & Audinet-and Serville, 1828) construct a shallow nest containing a single brood ball. This brood ball is unique in that it is covered with a thick shield layer made of soil. The shield layer provides to the final brood ball an amorphous external aspect, never described in roller dung beetles. It is less dense than the brood ball layer, and provides, an additional post-ovipositional care. Our results suggest that the nesting behaviour observed in C. unicolor and C. histrio can be considered a new variation of the nesting pattern IV in dung beetles, in which post-ovipositional care through the outer shield layer could increase survival chance of the offspring by protecting them from potential predators, desiccation and a variety of other environmental hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors investigated the role of thermoregulation mechanisms and thermal limits on thermal niche differentiation in two hierarchical similar Eucraniini dung beetle assemblages inhabiting arid environments in north‐western Argentina. Both dung beetle assemblages showed temporal and thermal niche segregation between all sympatric species, minimising overlap during their daily activity and soil temperature preferences.Thermal tolerance of Eucraniini species was partially modulated by behavioural adaptations and complementary thermoregulatory mechanisms related to eliminating the temperature excess, increasing the metabolic rate promoting an effective regulation of the excess heat that permitted a decrease in their body temperature by evaporative cooling. Based on the physiological syndromes obtained, the authors found a greatest interspecific differentiation that allows us to differentiate each species using ecophysiological traits. Interspecific body size differences in sympatric Eucraniini contributed greatly to the metabolic capacity of individuals to thermoregulate.Eucranium species, the largest species showed the lowest capacity to respond to thermal stress decreasing heat excess temperature, presenting the lowest thermal limit values coinciding with a 'minithermy' strategy that explains the preferred lower soil temperatures around 30°C. On the contrary, Anomiopsoides species showed a clear adaptation to being active during periods of the day in which the soil temperature reached over 50°C, adopting a strategy of 'maxithermy' by foraging when temperatures are closer to their thermal limits.In conclusion, it can be determined that ecophysiological syndromes related to thermal stress regulation and thermal limits allowed a displacement in thermal niche dimension, minimising interspecific competition and so allowing species coexistence in Eucraniini dung beetles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]