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Mycobacterium bovis causes tuberculosis (TB) at the human-wildlife-livestock interface. Environmental persistence of M. bovis excreted by infected hosts may cause indirect transmission to other animals. However, methodological constrains hamper assessment of M. bovis viability and molecular signature in environmental matrices. In this work, an innovative, modular, and highly efficient single-cell workflow combining flow cytometry (FLOW), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was developed, allowing detection, quantification, and sorting of viable and dormant M. bovis cells from environmental matrices. Validation with spiked water and sediments showed high efficiency (90%) of cell recovery, with high linearity between expected and observed results, both in cell viability evaluation (r2 =0.93) and FISH-labelled M. bovis cells quantification (r2 ≥0.96). The limit of detection was established at 105 cells/g of soil in the cell viability step and 102 cells/g of soil in the taxonomical labelling stage. Moreover, FACS efficiency attained noteworthy recovery yield (50%) and purity (60% viable cells; 70% taxonomically labelled M. bovis). This new methodology represents a huge step for M. bovis assessment outside the mammal host, offering the rapid quantification of M. bovis cell load and cell viability, including viable but non-culturable cells, and further downstream cell analyses after FACS. Subsequent environmental data integration with the clinical component will expand knowledge on transmission routes, promising new paths in TB research and an intervention tool to mitigate the underlying biohazard. [Display omitted] • Environmental contamination with Mycobacterium bovis perpetrates TB in livestock and wildlife. • Mechanistic understanding of M. bovis transmission via environment is key to control TB. • A new high-performance workflow based on FLOW-FISH & FACS was developed to assess M. bovis burden in environmental matrices. • This single cell framework enables detection, quantification, and sorting of metabolically active and quiescent M. bovis. • This tool applicable to the total environment opens new avenues in TB research and biohazard control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]