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An analysis of genome-wide gene expression profiles during floral organ development can provide important clues about the molecular basis of gene functions and developmental processes. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome data of 36 samples obtained during floral organ development from pepper '6421' and detected 30 016 genes that were expressed in at least one sample. K-means clustering analysis was used to classify the data into 16 clusters based on the similarities between the dynamic expression profiles of genes. Of these, 15 clusters exhibited notable up-regulation or down-regulation trends in different developmental stages or tissues of floral organs. We identified transcription factors expressed at the early, medium, and late stages of bud development (F1, F5, F9). Transcription factor families such as AP2-ERF, MADS-box, MYB, bHLH, and NAC showed significant levels of enrichment. In comparison with genes expressed in vegetative tissues at different stages, certain genes were specifically up-regulated during flower development; among these, the number of genes specifically up-regulated during the stamen (Sta10) and bud tetrad development (F4) stages was the highest. Through extensive studies of the ABCDE model of flower development in Arabidopsis, we identified 17 ABCDE model candidate genes in pepper, most of which were up-regulated at specific stages of flower bud development. The expression data provided in this study is the most comprehensive dataset available for pepper to date and will serve as a resource for identifying the functions of many specific genes involved in flower development in pepper and other Solanaceae plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, capable of up or down‐regulating gene expression during tumorigenesis; they are diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for tumors. To detect low abundance of intracellular oncogenic miRNAs (onco‐miRNAs) and realize synergistic gene therapy of onco‐miRNAs and tumor suppressors, a smart nano‐theranostic platform based on dual‐miRNAs guided self‐feedback tetrahedral entropy‐driven DNA circuit is created. The platform as a delivery vehicle is a DNA tetrahedral framework, in which the entropy‐driven DNA circuit achieves a dual‐miRNAs guided self‐feedback, between an in situ amplification of the onco‐miRNAs and activation of suppressor miRNAs release. To test this platform, dual‐miRNAs are selected, miRNA‐155, an up‐regulated miRNA, as cancer indicators, and miRNA‐122, a down‐regulated miRNA as therapy targets in hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. Through the circuit, the platform to detect onco‐miRNAs at femtomolar level as well as visualized miRNAs inside cells, fixed tissues, and mice is programmed. Furthermore, triggered by miRNA‐155, preloaded miRNA‐122 is amplified via the self‐feedback and released into target cells; the sudden increase of miRNA‐122 and simultaneous decrease of miRNA‐155 synergistically served as therapeutic drugs for gene regulation with enhanced antitumor efficacy and superior biosafety. It is envisioned that this nano‐theranostic platform will initiate an essential step toward tumor theranostics in personalized/precise medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]