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This research focuses on the analysis of syntactic complexity and subordination in written discourse of speakers of Croatian as a second and foreign language. In order to describe syntactic complexity, the research takes into account traditional factors in measuring complexity: the number of T-units, the mean length of T-units and the percentage of error-free T-units. Subordination is calculated on the basis of the ratio of the number of produced subordinate clauses and the number of T-units. Furthermore, the paper presents qualitative data on the sentence type produced by the speakers, the proportion of the subtype in the total number of subordinate clauses and the proportion of the subtype in the total production. The obtained data is compared to recent similar studies conducted in the Croatian language and other languages. The research in this paper is based on the corpus of 25 written compositions on the assigned topic written by native speakers of Polish, German, Spanish, French, Hungarian, English, Russian/ /Ukraine whose level of Croatian is at B1 level according to CEFR. The results indicate that there are individual differences between the speakers and that the measures of syntactic complexity are good indicators of syntactic development of second and foreign language speakers. The examinees' syntactic development is in line with their expected language level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents results of contrastive research of phraseological neologisms in German and Ukrainian. The research aimed at a conceptual analysis of phraseological neologisms used in digital media during the coronavirus pandemic in Germany and Ukraine. It was conducted in two steps: the description of structural-semantic features of selected phraseological units in both languages, and, by contrasting them to existing neologisms, the determination of their equivalence types. The material basis is formed with 96 German and 60 Ukrainian phraseological neologisms from the years 2020-2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the images of Ukraine's Russian-speaking citizens as they appear in Ukrainian users' posts on Facebook. Based on a systematic examination of the accounts of twelve prominent pro-Maidan personalities, my analysis pays attention to both the self-representations of those Ukrainians who primarily rely on the Russian language and to their representations by those individuals who locate themselves outside of this group. I argue that what usually appears in the self-representations as merely a facet of communicative practice is often perceived by others as a crucial element of social identity. While the selfrepresentations do not undermine Russian-speakers' identity as Ukrainians, the other-representations often do, thus questioning their belonging to the imagined national Self. Such opposing representations of Russian-speakers manifest different perceptions of the Ukrainian nation and the role of the Ukrainian language in this identity, and thus different ideologies of nationhood and language more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the first days of the Euromaidan protests, Ukrainian diasporas around the globe took an active part in supporting democratic change in Ukraine. These diasporic communities actively used social media to "represent" their national identity, to promote their visions of Ukraine's past and future, and to network and coordinate their actions. This paper argues that the events of the Euromaidan made Ukrainian diasporas in Western countries "re-invent" and "re-imagine" their national belonging. In these processes historical memory, language, and regional identifications play a crucial part within the continuum between conservative ethnonationalist identities and "civic" ones that try to accommodate the ethnic and linguistic diversity of Ukraine in the diasporic setting. This study reveals that "civic" identity elements became more visible across Ukrainian diasporas, but that Russian aggression somewhat haltered the acceptance of diversity and reinforced previously existing conservative sentiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]