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This paper describes a petrified trunk collected from a conglomerate bed of the Springhill Formation (Berriasian-Valanginian) in the Estancia El Álamo locality, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The fossil trunk is classified within the ubiquitous genus Agathoxylon and the wood anatomy shows a close affinity to that of Araucariaceae. This Patagonian wood has a distinct combination of anatomical characteristics unique among all known species from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Western Gondwana allowing to diagnose a new fossil taxon Agathoxylon mendezii sp. nov. Sedimentological and megafloristic proxies of the Springhill Formation suggest that Agathoxylon mendezii sp. nov. grew under a warm and wet climate, which indicates a subtropical to temperate palaeoenvironment. However, the large number of frost rings in the earlywood of this araucarian tree suggests that the palaeoenvironment at Estancia El Álamo was subjected to recurrent disturbances, most likely caused by regional continuous volcanic activity originating from volcanoes located far away to the west. This activity would have produced periodic stratospheric veils that promoted rapid decreases in surface air temperature; the wood response to such stressful conditions would have been the formation of numerous (at least five) frost rings. Although recurrent eruptions in Patagonia during the Early Cretaceous are well recorded, this study is the first to register eruptions recorded in a coniferous wood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a petrified trunk collected from a conglomerate bed of the Springhill Formation (Berriasian-Valanginian) in the Estancia El Álamo locality, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The fossil trunk is classified within the ubiquitous genus Agathoxylon and the wood anatomy shows a close affinity to that of Araucariaceae. This Patagonian wood has a distinct combination of anatomical characteristics unique among all known species from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Western Gondwana allowing to diagnose a new fossil taxon Agathoxylon mendezii sp. nov. Sedimentological and megafloristic proxies of the Springhill Formation suggest that Agathoxylon mendezii sp. nov. grew under a warm and wet climate, which indicates a subtropical to temperate palaeoenvironment. However, the large number of frost rings in the earlywood of this araucarian tree suggests that the palaeoenvironment at Estancia El Álamo was subjected to recurrent disturbances, most likely caused by regional continuous volcanic activity originating from volcanoes located far away to the west. This activity would have produced periodic stratospheric veils that promoted rapid decreases in surface air temperature; the wood response to such stressful conditions would have been the formation of numerous (at least five) frost rings. Although recurrent eruptions in Patagonia during the Early Cretaceous are well recorded, this study is the first to register eruptions recorded in a coniferous wood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well-preserved and diverse Early Cretaceous palynological assemblages were studied from an outcrop section of the Springhill Formation at the Río Correntoso locality (PRC), close to Ghío Lake, in Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina. The studied log corresponds to the northernmost outcrops known for the Springhill Formation in the Austral Basin. Most of the palynomorphs algae (Botryococcus, Sphaeroplea, Lecaniella, Zygnema, Pseudoschizaea, Schizosporis, Ovoidites), and some angiosperm pollen grains (Proxapertites , Longapertites, Arecipites) are distinctive and characterize the palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate of PRC, which was dominated by estuarine coastal margin sedimentites deposited under warm and humid conditions. These angiosperm pollen grains correspond to the earliest record of these group in Patagonia, represented by diverse monosulcates and one rare tricolpate type. This new record of angiosperm pollen in the Springhill Formation provides further evidence that one of the earliest diversifications of angiosperms started at least during the early Cretaceous in Patagonia. Sergio Archangelsky provided an invaluable expertise in the field of paleobotany in multiple ways. His knowledge transcended not only through his papers but also through his exceptional oratory skills. His talks were always enriching in every aspect, combining an engaging historical account with a vision towards the future. "...La paleobotánica un placer, debe ser algo agradable, es decir uno cuando trabaja en paleobotánica le gusta lo que hace, y cuando uno está describiendo, uno se va, y es lo mismo que componer una pieza musical, te perdés, te perdés en todo y lo hacés con gusto, con pasión..." "...The paleobotany is a pleasure, it should be something enjoyable, meaning that when you work in paleobotany, you love what you do. And when you're describing, you get lost, just like composing a musical piece. You lose yourself, in everything, and you do it with pleasure, with passion...". The file with the voice of Sergio Archangelsky is in Supplementary file under Sergio_Archangelsky.mp3. • The palynoflora of the Springhill Formation includes algae and land plants. • Pollen records show features of early members of some taxa (monocots and eudicots). • Angiosperm pollen grains provides evidence for early radiation of some basal taxa in Patagonia. • Palynoflora studied indicates freshwater palaeoenvironment, warm and humid climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the analysis of a radiocarbon database of the North Coast of Santa Cruz (central Patagonia, Argentina), is presented. Dated archaeological samples were obtained from 56 different types of archaeological sites (open-air -residential sites and burials-, and also rock shelters). The objective of this paper is assessing the continuities and discontinuities in the chronological signal of the area and identifying tendencies along the Holocene. The database currently contains 75 radiocarbon dates falling between ca. 8000 and 300 BP. The radiocarbon data base provides information on the chronological, spatial and contextual variability of the archaeological record of North Coast of Santa Cruz. By means of different analysis of sum of probabilities, we present three different chronological moments of human use of the coast and intermediate zone can be identified. A first moment is represented by early evidence of settlement during Middle Holocene. A second moment corresponds to a hiatus between ca. 5800 and ca. 3900 BP without archaeological evidence. Finally, a third moment is where an increasing of chronological signal occurred, related to greater artifactual variability and an increase in the intensity of human settlement in the Patagonian region. The causes that could have influenced in the discontinuity of the chronological signal of the study area, and the characteristics of the different moments identified are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses provisioning strategies of lithic raw materials at Maripe Cave site (province of Santa Cruz, Argentina). The archaeological sequence represents different moments of human occupation at the cave and in the study area, which show different lithic technologies. The morpho-typological analysis of the lithic cores recovered contributes to our knowledge about the strategies related to procurement and provisioning of the lithic raw materials used for artifacts production. We identified different raw materials from the analyses of lithic cores and other artifacts from the site. This allowed analyzing trends in selection and provisioning processes and interpreting the mobility strategies of the groups that inhabited the Deseado Massif since the Pleistocene–Holocene transition. Trends suggest that, during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition and early Holocene, abandoned cores from Maripe Cave mainly indicate people provisioning strategies. During middle Holocene, the cores shows blades extractions and raw material use from long distance, discarded with remaining potential utility. Finally, at late Holocene the cores were mainly prepared for blade extractions. Our results do not fully agree with Kuhn's proposal, probably due to both the theoretical polarization between the provisioning strategies and the palimpsest effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to begin to understand human mobility through rock transport at different times in two areas with different environmental characteristics: the Southern Deseado Massif and the basaltic canyons north of the Santa Cruz River. We focus on obsidian, which has a clear geochemical signature and an uneven distribution. Additionally, we use macroscopic information on siliceous rocks, which at present have only been identified in northern areas, although they may also be recovered randomly and in low frequencies in southern ones. During the initial peopling of the Southern Deseado Massif (ca. 10,800 BP), inhabitants were transporting black obsidian as well as translucent chalcedony, probably as part of the individual gear. During the Late Holocene, the number of obsidian artifacts decreased in the Southern Deseado Massif, related to a better knowledge of the high-quality local lithic resources and/or to the existence of higher population densities. Obsidian artifacts are more abundant in the northern Santa Cruz River basin than in the southern Deseado Massif, suggesting the existence of a relationship with areas located to the northwest, close to the obsidian source, as other lines of evidence suggest. In addition, the presence in the basaltic canyons of artifacts made from high-quality siliceous rocks, more abundant and predictable in northern areas, could also be the result of human movements following a north-south direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]