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Descriptive geometry has indispensable applications in many engineering activities. A summary of these is provided in the first chapter of this paper, preceded by a brief introduction into the methods of representation and mathematical recognition related to our research area, such as projection perpendicular to a single plane, projection images created by perpendicular projection onto two mutually perpendicular image planes, but placed on one plane, including the research of curves and movements, visual representation and perception relying on a mathematical approach, and studies on toothed driving pairs and tool geometry in order to place the development presented here among them. As a result of the continuous variability of the technological environment according to various optimization aspects, the engineering activities must also be continuously adapted to the changes, for which an appropriate approach and formulation are required from the practitioners of descriptive geometry, and can even lead to improvement in the field of descriptive geometry. The imaging procedures are always based on the methods and theorems of descriptive geometry. Our aim was to examine the spatial variation in the wear of the tool edge and the machining of the components of toothed drive pairs using two cameras. Resolving contradictions in spatial geometry reconstruction research is a constant challenge, to which a possible answer in many cases is the searching for the right projection direction, and positioning cameras appropriately. A special method of enumerating the possible infinite viewpoints for the reconstruction of tool surface edge curves is presented in the second part of this paper. In the case of the monitoring the shape geometry, taking into account the interchangeability of the projection directions, i.e., the property of symmetry, all images made from two perpendicular directions were taken into account. The procedure for determining the correct directions in a mathematically exact way is also presented through examples. A new criterion was formulated for the tested tooth edge of the hob to take into account the shading of the tooth next to it. The analysis and some of the results of the Monge mapping, suitable for the solution of a mechanical engineering task to be solved in a specific technical environment, namely defining the conditions for camera placements that ensure reconstructibility are also presented. Taking physical shadowing into account, conclusions can be drawn about the degree of distortion of the machined surface from the spatial deformation of the edge curve of the tool reconstructed with correctly positioned cameras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is the extended version of a paper presented at the conference HMM2021, about the history of mechanical engineering. First, the initial cultural and industrial steps in the robotic field in Japan are introduced, to display the beginning of this interlaced path, before WW2; then, in the context of the aftermaths of the war, some famous anime heroes are presented as ancestors of the coming mecha anime series. The rising research in the field of robotics and more generally the developments of contemporary Japanese automation industry are then drawn, as a technological substrate for mecha conception. In particular, Masahiro Mori studies are taken into consideration to identify an actual robot design pattern to apply to the following comparative description and examination of the different mecha; finally, thanks to this analysis, the common breeding ground whence robotics and mecha (and their reciprocal influences) arise, is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Function‐integrative lightweight engineering represents an essential element in modern design methods. Currently, there is a great need for the incorporation of sensors, actuators and electronics in novel, demand‐oriented components. In contrast to a subsequent, mostly adhesive bonding, structural integration offers numerous advantages, for example in terms of space requirements and robustness. This paper demonstrates the potential of integrated sensors for various industrial sectors based on selected examples from mechanical engineering, aviation, mobility, sports, and medical technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

British mechanical engineer Jack Keiser's postwar career in industrial education was simultaneously a career in justice work and Christian industrial mission. This paper examines the Christian critique of industry Keiser developed early in his career, as he transitioned in 1949–1950 into his life's work in firm-based industrial education, and asks how historians of technology might interpret a critique that characterized industry in hyperbolic terms as enslaving or demonic. Keiser's was part of an international critique connected to three important post-war Christian institutions: Student Christian Movement, the Industrial Mission Movement, and the World Council of Churches. He engaged with justice at both an intimate and a cosmic level, intimately through face-to-face relationships with apprentices and trainees under his supervision, and cosmically by engaging with the biblical prophets through whom God called for justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the numerical method for the solution to the problem of propagation of dynamic waves in elastic media--the bicharacteristics method with the usage of the ideas of the splitting method. The bicharacteristics method is one of the most convenient methods for software creating. In this research paper we have worked on the solution for non-stationary problem of the homogeneous isotropic elastic body dynamics using the bicharacteristics method, based on which the "ProgWave" software was designed. With this software, we have obtained the plots of isolines of normal and tangent tensions, which are very important for the studies of non-stationary dynamic waves propagation in flat elastic bodies, in engineering practice at construction designs calculation, in problems of mechanical engineering, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The papers covered a wide range of fundamental studies, industrial practices, and engineering innovations by applying knowledge on microsystems. Authors of selected papers from the conference were invited to submit full length papers for possible inclusion in this special issue of Microsystem Technologies (MST). This special issue on Innovation, Communication and Engineering consists of selected papers presented at the International Conference on "Innovation, Communication and Engineering", in 2018.The conference covered broad topics, including information science, innovation design, industrial design, applied mathematics, computer science, cultural and creative research, electrical and electronic engineering, mechanical engineering, automation engineering, green technology and architectural engineering, material science, and other related fields. [Extracted from the article]

To reasonably determine the limit equilibrium zone width, a coal pillar was simplified as a half-infinite load-bearing beam while its weak floor rock mass was assumed to be a continuous elastic foundation according to the mechanical characteristics of the coal pillar. This paper develops the Winkler elastic foundation beam model of a coal pillar under high bearing pressure using the elastic foundation beam analytic method. Furthermore, the deflection, diversion, bending moment, and shear force at any interface of the coal pillar are studied based on a mechanical model of the coal pillar under different bearing pressures. A theoretical calculation formula for the width of the limit equilibrium zone of the coal pillar is put forward under conditions where a shear slip appears on the elastic-plastic interface of the coal pillar. The results show that the limit equilibrium zone width of the coal pillar is closely related to the buried depth of the roadway, volumetric weight of the overburden, the stress concentration factor, the width of the elastic zone, the elastic characteristic value of the floor, the lateral pressure coefficient, the cohesive force, and the internal friction angle on the elastic-plastic interface of the coal pillar. Taking an 850-875 m section of the transport gateway of the 13503 face in a Wangcun coal mine as an example, the theoretical limit equilibrium zone width of the coal pillar is calculated after the other parameters were determined. On this basis, the deformation and failure of the coal pillar in a range of 6 m is tested using a borehole scope. The theoretical width of the limit equilibrium zone of the coal pillar is almost consistent with the results of the field test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent systems are a new wave of the embedded and real-time systems that are highly connected, with a massive processing power and performing complex applications. Their pervasiveness is reshaping the real world and teh way, we interact with our digital life. These intelligent systems are creating new opportunities for industry and business, and new experiences for users and consumers. They can be found in all domains: automotive, rail, aerospace, defence, energy, healthcare, telecoms and consumer electronics. In this paper we use an intelligent system method to predict the roughness of hardened specimens. We use an algorithm for the construction visibility graphs in a 3D space to analyse topographical properties of hardened specimens. Drawing graphs as nodes connected by links in 3D space is visually compelling but computationally difficult. Thus, the construction of the 3D visibility graphs is highly complex and requires in their professional computers or supercomputers. The microstructure of the robot-laser-hardened specimens is very complex; however, we can present it using 3D visibility graphs. For predicting the surface roughness of the hardened specimens we use the neural network, genetic algorithm and multiple regression. Using the intelligent systems we increase production of the laser-hardening process by decreasing the time process and increasing the topographical property of materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Target design methodologies (DfX) were developed to cope with specific engineering design issues such as cost-effectiveness, manufacturability, assemblability, maintainability, among others. However, DfX methodologies are undergoing the lack of real integration with 3D CAD systems. Their principles are currently applied downstream of the 3D modelling by following the well-known rules available from the literature and engineers' know-how (tacit internal knowledge). This paper provides a method to formalize complex DfX engineering knowledge into explicit knowledge that can be reused for Advanced Engineering Informatics to aid designers and engineers in developing mechanical products. This research work wants to define a general method (ontology) able to couple DfX design guidelines (engineering knowledge) with geometrical product features of a product 3D model (engineering parametric data). A common layer for all DfX methods (horizontal) and dedicated layers for each DfX method (vertical) allow creating the suitable ontology for the systematic collection of the DfX rules considering each target. Moreover, the proposed framework is the first step for developing (future work) a software tool to assist engineers and designers during product development (3D CAD modelling). A design for assembly (DfA) case study shows how to collect assembly rules in the given framework. It demonstrates the applicability of the CAD-integrated DfX system in the mechanical design of a jig-crane. Several benefits are recognized: (i) systematic collection of DfA rules for informatics development, (ii) identification of assembly issues in the product development process, and (iii) reduction of effort and time during the design review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]