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The aim of the paper is to present a brief insight into the significant works and views of the German sociologists Niklas Luhmann and Jűrgen Habermas on the role of law in regulating human relations in society. Educated as a lawyer, Niklas Luhmann in the late academic career was under the influence of the American sociologist Talcott Parsons. Niklas Luhmann later, under the influence of the American sociologist Talcott Parsons, he built a sociological theoretical system called the systems theory. On the other side, Jűrgen Habermas was a philosopher and sociologist, highly influenced by the Frankfurt school of sociology. According to Luhmann's systems theory, the social reality and the separate aspects of the social life are part of a deeper system called society, and in relation to the same they are set as subsystems. Social systems are divided into allopoietic and autopoietic. One of the significant axioms of Luhmann's theory is that the largest number of systems tends to simplify due to the pressure of the environment for greater efficiency. Law in Luhman's systems theory enjoys the status of an autonomous system for regulating society, rather than an instrumental contribution to politics. This brief review exposed a big clash between two influential German thinkers. In this paper we are going to use historical method and analysing of the content of different materials and previous authors that are dealing with the work of Niklas Luhmann and Jűrgen Habermas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Max Horkheimer claims that the excessive use of instrumental reason not only affects the individuals, but also the institutions themselves. In this paper I will argue that an institution is more affected by the use of instrumental reason when the individuals are more involved with it. To do so, first, I will describe Horkheimer's account on instrumental reason for it is important to fix the concepts and distinguish Horkheimer's purposes from other authors or traditions that have studied the same phenomenon, such as Max Weber. Then I will explore the instrumentalization of the family according to Horkheimer and I will figure out if it can be compared to the process of rationalizations that happens in other contexts. Finally I will conclude that instrumental reason affects family in a greater degree that other social spheres due to the fact that family is where individuals are formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with classical compatibilism, the traditional approach to the free will problem according to which free will is compatible with determinism. Free will itself is interpreted by classical compatibilists as the possibility for agents to act otherwise if they choose to do so. Recent discussions have not favored classical compatibilism and some potent arguments against it have been put forward. On closer inspection, however, these arguments can be refuted. As a result, some intuitions concerning free will and moral responsibility are clarified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]