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Throughout the last two decades, large housing estates in eastern Germany have become the scene of an increased concentration of low-income households. At the same time, considerable shifts in the structure of home ownership have been documented in these areas. National and international investors have acquired large housing stocks here and become a fundamental part of the local housing markets. This paper discusses the connection between both developments. Based on a case study in two large housing estates in Halle (Saale) and Schwerin, it is argued that the relative impoverishment of large housing estates can be traced back to two developments on the supply side: On the one hand, municipal housing companies are increasingly made responsible for the provision of homes for households that cannot provide for themselves on the market. Due to the uneven spatial distribution of municipal housing, this leads to an increased concentration of poor households in the large housing estates. On the other hand, letting policies of financial investors are characterised by tight yield requirements. In view of a rather restrained demand for the housing they manage, they therefore increasingly rent their flats to population groups that are avoided by other landlords. Together, these developments operate like a 'segregationmachine', which continuously shifts low-income population groups to the large housing estates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Middle High German (MHG) prosodic foot is uncontroversially considered to be trochaic, a fact which has traditionally led scholars to assume a preference for trochaic metre in poetry of the MHG Classical Period. However, given the trend elsewhere in mediaeval Europe (even in trochaic languages) to emulate French lyrics and compose verse in iambic metre, the uncritical assumption of a trochaic metre in all MHG poetry seems inadequate. A close examination of Parzival, an early thirteenth-century grail romance by Wolfram von Eschenbach, suggests that the traditional analysis is not only insufficient but counter to the linguistic evidence. This paper argues for the first time that Parzival was in fact composed in iambic tetrameter, based on a close analysis of the rhythmic alternations within lines and the quantity and foot structure of line-final syllables. Halle & Keyser's (1966) principles for iambic metre were used to produce a taxonomy of possible line structures in Parzival and the dominance of the wswswsws pattern, beginning on a weak beat and ending on a strong, offers convincing evidence in favour of iambic metre. The remaining lines can be neatly categorised as iambic by allowing feminine rhyme (with an extrametrical schwa syllable) or the construction of monosyllabic feet from a single heavy syllable. This analysis is further corroborated by the consistently iambic structure of line-final feet, as well as the foot structures avoided by the poet, identified according to the weight of the final, penultimate and antepenultimate syllables. The present analysis has the advantage of explaining the various patterns of alternating prominence in the metre of Parzival much more consistently than the complex system advocated by the traditional literary view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small-scale, often polarizing changes in the population structure characterized by migration, have a crucial influence on the current development of settlements in Germany. Although state and regional planning tries to manage related demands for residential areas, competition for potential migration gains on themunicipal level often leads to an unregulated development of residential areas within the region. This paper therefore seeks to develop an approach for an inter-municipally coordinated planning of residential areas, which takes into account demographic developments, in order to reduce the overall land consumption. In a first step, the residential land requirements that can be derived from expected small-scale population movements are presented in the form of different scenarios for specific municipalities. In a second step, a screening approach is used to identify those municipalities that appear to be suitable for accommodating additional residential development land requirements on the basis of their amenities and accessibility. In a third step, the identified residential land requirements are assigned to test areas with the help of various indicators. The approach is illustrated using the example of the Halle-Leipzig region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understanding of urban social-ecological systems requires integrated and interdisciplinary methods. This paper explores differences in the accessibility of urban green spaces (UGS) based on urban morphology. In contrast to other comparative analyses that followed simplified quantification of UGS provision and/or omitted the impact of morphological properties of urban space, this study proposes three improvements. First, it uses the share of UGS in the service area of 300 m walking distance around each residential building in a city as a measure of UGS provision. Second, it includes the potential physical accessibility of UGS as warranted by key actors, such as owners or managers, who decide whether UGS are open or not to potential users. Third, it links UGS accessibility and heterogeneous urban structures. We developed a mixed-methods analysis that combines multiple data sources regarding UGS, the spatial distribution of residential buildings, and street networks. We conducted our analysis in five case-study cities (Barcelona, Halle, Lodz, Oslo, and Stockholm). Our findings suggest that the urban structures where the human-environment interaction transformed the space (such as in the core city areas) are characterized by limited UGS in the service area. Urban structures that are less transformed by human activity (especially suburbia) have the highest share of selected UGS in the service area. In addition, even if the share of UGS in the service area is high, many of them might have limited physical accessibility. In the broader sense, this highlights that social-ecological processes are linked to urban form and cannot be separated in an analysis. Therefore, social-ecological systems could be better understood through the lens of urban morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper analyses the marginal clitic la in unaccusative structures of River Plate Spanish. We attempt to explain the occurrence of this pronoun with a subgroup of existentialpresentational and scalar change verbs (Masullo 2014), which comprise multi-point scale verbs (e.g. adelgazarla, empeorarla, mejorarla), two-point scale verbs (e.g. morirla, pirarla, palmarla), and verbs of directed motion and change of location (e.g. aparecerla, llegarla, volverla). Based on the main tenets of Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz 1993, and subsequent work), we set out to demonstrate that this is a productive and compositional phenomenon in this variety of Spanish. We propose that this accusative clitic-which combines with unaccusative predicates-is a morphological or post-syntactic clitic (Pujalte & Saab 2012), in that it is an expletive-like element not present in the syntactic derivation and inserted at PF. We argue that la is an allomorph of Ø and that these two exponents compete with the anticausative clitic se to lexicalise different features associated with Voice°. The data analysed in this variety of River Plate Spanish offer evidence in favor of the hypothesis that the absence of se in unmarked anticausative structures should not be equated to the absence of structure, but to the presence of a null morpheme Ø in Voice°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the formation of diphthongs in Saribas Malay dialect by providing a theoretical analysis based on Halle’s features geometry (1995) and Clements’s syllable structure (1985). Data for this study was obtained through a field research in Saratok district, Sarawak. Ten native speakers of Saribas Malay dialect contribute the data. The data was collected by wordlists, interviews, and audio recording. The data shows the dialect has the same diphthongs as in the Standard Malay that is [ay], [oy] and [aw]. Diphthongs [ay] and [oy] arises in the surface structure, while diphthong [aw] only arises in the underlying structure. The formation of diphthongs in Saribas Malay dialect produces in three ways; origin words, monophthongization and feature changing. Monophthongization only occurs in the Standard Malay loanwords /aw/ and /ay/ by diluting the diphthong’s segments to form [ɛ] and [ɔ]. Feature changing occurs when low vowels precede the liquid /l/ in the word-final position resulting diphthongs [ay] and [oy]. Liquid /l/ is not permitted in a coda of the final syllable structure in Saribas Malay dialect. In contrast, other Sarawak Malay subdialects such as Kuching and Rejang Malay dialects allow the presence of liquid /l/ in the coda. The findings of this study give added value to the previous studies which asserted that Saribas Malay dialect only consists of one diphthong [oy], as well as give recommendations for further study so that the linguistic development in Saribas Malay dialect can be studied extensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensive electrification of the automotive sector means that the energy system must be able to adapt to the current market situation. The increase in energy demand is a major factor associated with electric vehicles. The study analyzed the operation of a grid-connected facility operating a vehicle fleet providing transport services in the region Halle/Saale, Germany. Measurement data were used in the analysis, including global positioning system data of the vehicles and technical data, including average fuel consumption on a given route section, daily load demand of the industrial facility, and energy generation from photovoltaics. This paper shows the impact of using a battery electric vehicles (BEVs) fleet in the load distribution for the industrial facility considered. The NEDC energy consumption profile for the Nissan e-NV200 were used in this study. Furthermore, the paper presented simulation results allowing one to determine the usage potential, energy demand, and consumption of EVs using real data, reliably representing the processes related to EV daily use. The measurement data were captured using available specialized equipment: Dako-Key (GPS data), PV power generation (Siemens 7KM PAC4200), and load (Janitza UMG 604-Pro) in September, 2018. On this basis, it is possible to identify the effects and variations in load on the power grid during the replacement of combustion vehicle fleets used currently by EVs for the provision of transport services. Three models were presented, making it possible to calculate changes in energy demand for each scenario. In the first model, EVs were charged exclusively from the distribution network. In the second, the energy generation from a renewable source was considered and the possibility of compensating the energy demand of the vehicles from this source was demonstrated. In the third model, the daily load profile and the period of maximum load in the electricity grid were considered. The results are presented in graphical and tabular form. Finally, the potential of using an EV fleet to increase the functionality of a modern industry object was determined and discussed. Based on data for the adopted scenarios, electrification of transport can increase demand for energy by 40.9% for individual enterprises. The electrification of the automotive sector will increase the instantaneous energy demand of businesses, forcing the integration of renewable energy sources during designing new invests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]