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The article presents the position paper issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) in April 2018 which focuses on the evidence in the field of rabies and the use of rabies vaccines. The paper highlights the programmatic feasibility, simplification of vaccination schedules and improved cost-effectiveness. The recommendations on the use of vaccination for post-exposure prophylaxis and vaccination for pre-exposure prophylaxis as main immunization strategies are also discussed.

This article discusses a position paper on Hepatitis B vaccines issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) in July 2017. Topics covered include the virus species causing hepatitis such as hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus, the epidemiology and transmission of HBV, and the treatment of acute HBV infection. Also mentioned is WHO's position on the vaccination of special groups at highest risk of acquiring HBV such as pregnant and lactating women and travellers.

The article offers information on the importance of clinical papers to sales representatives. According to the author, clinical papers are extremely valuable tools for sales representatives in providing prescribed drugs. It is suggested that sales representatives should know these papers and understand customers need to change their prescribing habits.

The article presents abstracts of epilepsy research and discusses their clinical implications. They include "Evaluation of health status in epilepsy using the EQ-5D questionnaire: a prospective, observational, six-month study of adjunctive therapy with anti-epileptic drugs," "Immediate versus deferred antiepileptic drug treatment for early epilepsy and single seizures: a randomized controlled trial," and "Safety and efficacy of buccal midazolam versus rectal diazepam for emergency treatment of seizures in children: a randomized controlled trial."

The article presents a position paper on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines released by the World Health Organization (WHO) in May 2017. Topics covered include essential facts about HPV which is considered as the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract, details relating to the epidemiology of HPV infection and HPV-related diseases, and the development of prophylactic HPV vaccines for preventing HPV-related disease.

Abstract: When comparing an experimental treatment with a standard treatment in a randomized clinical trial (RCT), we often use the risk difference (RD) to measure the efficacy of an experimental treatment. In this paper, we have developed four asymptotic interval estimators for the RD in a stratified RCT with noncompliance. These include an asymptotic interval estimator based on the weighted-least-squares (WLS) estimator of the RD, an asymptotic interval estimator using transformation with the WLS optimal weight, an asymptotic interval estimator derived from Fieller’s Theorem, and an asymptotic interval estimator using a randomization-based approach. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, we have compared these four asymptotic interval estimators with the asymptotic interval estimator recently proposed elsewhere. We have found that when the probability of compliance is high, the interval estimator using a randomization-based approach is probably more accurate than the others, especially when the stratum size is not large. When the probability of compliance is moderate, the interval estimator using transformation is likely to be the best among all interval estimators considered here. We note that the interval estimator proposed elsewhere can be of use when the underlying RD is small, but lose accuracy when the RD is large. We also note that when the number of patients per assigned treatment is large, the four asymptotic interval estimators developed here are essentially equivalent; they are all appropriate for use. Finally, to illustrate the use of these interval estimators, we consider the data taken from a large field trial studying the effect of a multifactor intervention program on reducing the mortality of coronary heart disease in middle-aged men. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper there is proposed analytical Gaussian model for diagnosis and prognosis of atmospheric pollution level at damage emissions. The models of Gauss are very widely used to estimate local pollution levels. The program complex has been realized on FORTRAN language of high level. The model reads its input data from GIS files and produces its outputs in a format acceptable by GIS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article describes a patient who claims to enjoy the taste of paper and eats several sheets a day. The author explains how her doctor goes from one diagnosis to another as her symptoms change and new problems present themselves. The doctor find that the patient has several diseases, including pica and digestive issues.

Clinical experiences for nursing students during their undergraduate program are a central component of their preparation for clinical practice. The increasing demand to ensure students have quality placements means the role of the clinical educator in facilitating quality learning experiences is fundamentally important. This paper discusses the strategies implemented by clinical educators (also known as facilitators) at Central Queensland University to promote learning in the clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a biological computer that diagnoses and treats cancer. In 1999, Ehud Shapiro, a researcher at the Weizmann Institute in Israel, suggested a design for a computer built out of carefully engineered biological molecules. Two years later Shapiro, together with a team of other scientists from the Weizmann Institute, built it. It was made of DNA. Now, Shapiro and his colleagues have taken their research one step further by showing how such work might be useful. This week they claim, in an online paper in "Nature," that they have programmed a biological computer to diagnose and treat cancer. What the team have built is known as a Turing machine, a notional type of computer first proposed in 1936 by Alan Turing. This British mathematician imagined a general-purpose computer that worked by manipulating a paper tape divided into cells. Shapiro's computer diagnoses an imbalance that indicates the presence of prostate cancer. After diagnosis it releases short strands of DNA designed to kill these cancer cells. Shapiro's team is interested in applications where direct processing of biological information is needed--such as medicine.

Focuses on how to incorporate patient case studies into sales calls of pharmaceutical representatives. Linking published clinical research papers that are approved by the company for promotional purposes with clinical patient case write-ups that are approved by the company for promotional purposes; Discussion of relevant patient cases from a grand rounds presentation that both the sale representative and the physician attended; Painting a fictional patient picture based on the physician's actual patient population. INSETS: Case-building resources;Caution!.

The article discusses the need for emergency nurses in Australia to enhance alcohol and other drug (AOD) screening. It notes that such move may effectively minimise future alcohol consumption, reduce injury recurrence, and decrease the number of repeat emergency department (ED) presentations. The replacement of paper-based system with an electronic clinical information system including AOD screening in November 2014 is also presented.

The article discusses the highlights of the paper "Estimating effectiveness of school-based counselling: using data from controlled trials to predict improvement over non-intervention change" prepared by Professor Mick Cooper and colleagues.

The article offers information on AdaptivCRT feature introduced by the medical-device manufacturer Medtronic Inc. for certain cardiac resynchronization therapy devices for heart failure patients. It focuses on a white paper released by Advanced Medical Technology Association, that demonstrate the risks to patient care of insurers becoming more selective about approving coverage for new medical technologies. It also discusses the pressure on Medtronic to reduce prices of its technologies.

Information about a paper discussed at the 51st annual American Society of Hematology Meeting from December 5-8, 2009, in New Orleans, Louisiana, is presented. According to researchers, the drug nilotinib (Tasigna) showed better results for people fighting chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) than the drug imatinib (Gleevec) did. Researchers also reported that a previously used drug called omacetaxine showed effectiveness in CML patients who do not respond to either nilotinib or imatinib.

The article focuses on skepticism over the findings by a prominent cancer researcher Jon Sudbø. The doubt is expressed by editors from the New England Journal of Medicine. Falsely stated data are presented in the paper, which claimed to analyze health records of more than 900 patients and concluded that anti-inflammatories could prevent oral cancer. A multimillion-dollar clinical trial funded by the National Institutes of Health and based on that study is now on hold. It is reported that most patients with oral cancer start off with noncancerous lesions in their mouths.