Search

Presents the text of an enquiry made in 1726 concerning the nature and necessity of paper currency. The detrimental effects of high interest on a nation's trade; Benefits of paper currency in encouraging trade and production.

The article presents the text of the Federalist Papers, No. 1 through 85, written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay in 1787 encouraging New York voters to support the American Constitution. Federalist numbers 2 through 5 concern the dangers from foreign force and influence. Numbers 6 and 7 concern the dangers from dissensions between the states. Number 8 concerns the consequences of hostilities between states. Numbers 9 and 10 posit the union as a safeguard against domestic faction and insurrection. Number 11 focuses on the utility of the union in respect to commercial relations and a navy.

The article presents the text of the Stamp Act of 1765, enacted by the British Parliament to implement stamp duties and amend other trade duties in the American colonies and plantations. A stamp duty of varying amounts was placed on each piece of paper that was used for declarations, court petitions, claims, pleas, bail, libel or renunciation in ecclesiastical matters, certificate of any university degree, writs of covenant, error, or dower, and any record or copy made of Nisi Prius or Postea. The amounts ranged from a few pence and shillings to ten pounds. The stamp duty was applied to packs of playing cards, dice, pamphlets, and newspapers. The colonists would also be taxed for learning any profession or trade.

Presents the text of the so-called Locofoco Platform of 1836, which appeared in New York. Condemnation of the use of paper money, rather than gold or silver, as circulating currency in the United States.

Presents the United States president's eighth annual message to the Senate and House of Representatives, delivered on December 5, 1836. Diplomatic relations; Question of what to do with the government's financial surplus; Reasons for basing the nation's currency on gold or silver; Problems with excessive bank issues of paper currency, including increase in speculation in public land; Problems with the so-called deposit banks; Other comments.

Presents the text of a paper written by Alexander Hamilton to the citizens of New York State protesting the unjust treatment of loyalists in 1784.

The article presents the text of a briefing on the American contingency plan for Berlin, Germany, reviewed by the Berlin Task Force and prepared for United States President John F. Kennedy. The introduction to the document contains an August 2, 1962 memorandum from J. C. Ausland to Mr. Hillenbrand. The four phases and major gaps in diplomatic, military, economic, and covert planning, which could lead to a crisis, are detailed and the U.S. and allies' goals during each phase are mentioned. The status of the SACEUR and SACLANT papers with North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is also mentioned.

Presents a paper by the United States president detailing his reasons for vetoing the Internal Security Bill. Anti-communist sentiment of the bill; Aid given to potential enemies by the adoption of the bill; Detailed description of the bill; Other comments.

Provides information on the 1735 libel trial of New York City printer and newspaper publisher John Peter Zenger. Libel charge because of his paper's opposition to policies of New York's royal governor, William Cosby; Writings which are considered libelous; Those who are liable to be punished for a libel; Arguments provided by the defendant; Arguments of the plaintiff; Court's decision on the case filed against Zenger.

The article presents the text of Great Britain's Currency Act of 1763. The purpose of the bill was to declare that paper bills of credit issued in any British colonies in America were no longer to be considered legal tender. The Act decided that bills of credit were no longer valid for repayment in money. The Act states that the high number of bills of credit used in the American colonies caused them to depreciate in value, preventing British issuers from collecting their full value in repayment. The Act also forbids the creation and use of paper currency in the American colonies. Fines and punishments are detailed for any British citizen who would violate the terms of the Act.

Presents a letter dated January 29, 1787 in response to a letter sent to the author about the report with regard to Shays' rebellion in her native state. Main causes of the rebellion; Complaints of the citizens about the government rulings regarding property, paper currency and taxes.

Presents extracts of the paper published by Congressmen Benjamin F. Wade and Henry Winter Davis in the New York `Tribune' newspaper in 1865, criticizing President Abraham Lincoln for his course on the Reconstruction bill. Lincoln's opposition to Congress' decree that the rebellious Southern states have no legitimate state governments; The authors' concerns about having presidential electors from these states; Significance of the president's signing of the bill.