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In Europe, gambling policy is conditioned by different administrative levels, including national authorities and the EU, as well as institutions of the European Economic Area (EEA). The legal framework of the EU/EEA requires Member States to pursue evidence‐based policy. The current scoping review focuses on what kind of policy research is available on gambling in the European context to support evidence‐based policy. We searched three scientific databases for research literature on gambling regulation and policy in the European context. The final sample consists of 88 papers. We analysed the corpus with Term Frequency‐Inverse Document Frequency mapping, and, narratively, by applying the policy cycle phases (agenda‐setting, formulation, adoption, implementation, and evaluation). Overall, the results show that gambling policy research is a growing field in Europe, and the policy cycle describes the available literature amply. The largest part of the existing research concerns the evaluation phase, while the formulation and implementation phases are under‐represented. The findings are discussed in terms of the main outcomes, as well as in terms of the gaps in the existing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Probability discounting (PD), which refers to the process of adjusting the value of future probabilities when making decisions, is a method of measuring impulsive decision‐making; however, the relationship between PD and nicotine remains unclear. The current study aimed at investigating the significance of PD in individuals who smoke. Methods: According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, we searched the PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases for articles comparing individuals who smoke and their tobacco‐naïve controls using PD task as outcome measure from inception to May 2023. The main outcome was an overall difference in PD function, while subgroup analysis and meta‐regression were conducted to examine the analysis methods and the moderators of PD. Results: Fourteen studies in total involving 384 individuals who smoke and 493 controls (mean age = 24.32 years, range = 15.1–38.05 years) were analyzed. The effect of smoking on PD was significant (g = 0.51, p =.02). The discounting parameter from the equation, compared to the area under the curve, was more sensitive to estimating PD function (p =.01). Regression analysis showed positive correlations of PD with female percentage, age, and the number of probability options (all p <.04), but not with the number of choices at each probability and maximum reward magnitude (all p >.07). There was no significant publication bias across the eligible studies (p =.09). Conclusion and Scientific Significance: Our findings, which are the first to demonstrate a smaller PD (i.e., prone to risk‐taking) in individuals who smoke, shed light on the appropriate analysis method, gender effect, age, and probability options on the PD function. Answer questions and earn CME credit [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin B12, a water‐soluble essential micronutrient, plays a pivotal role in numerous physiological processes in the human body. This review meticulously examines the structural complexity and the diverse mechanisms through which vitamin B12 exerts its preventive effects against a spectrum of health conditions, including pernicious anaemia, neurological disorders, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and complications in foetal development. The selection of articles for this review was conducted through a systematic search across multiple scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Criteria for inclusion encompassed relevance to the biochemical impact of vitamin B12 on health, peer‐reviewed status and publication within the last decade. Exclusion criteria were non‐English articles and studies lacking empirical evidence. This stringent selection process ensured a comprehensive analysis of vitamin B12's multifaceted impact on health, covering its structure, bioavailable forms and mechanisms of action. Clinical studies highlighting its therapeutic potential, applications in food fortification and other utilizations are also discussed, underscoring the nutrient's versatility. This synthesis aims to provide a clear understanding of the integral role of vitamin B12 in maintaining human health and its potential in clinical and nutritional applications. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Concerns have been raised regarding the impact of medications that interrupt puberty, given the magnitude and complexity of changes that occur in brain function and structure during this sensitive window of neurodevelopment. This review examines the literature on the impact of pubertal suppression on cognitive and behavioural function in animals and humans. Methods: All studies reporting cognitive impacts of treatment with GnRH agonists/antagonists for pubertal suppression in animals or humans were sought via a systematic search strategy across the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases. Results: Sixteen studies were identified. In mammals, the neuropsychological impacts of puberty blockers are complex and often sex specific (n = 11 studies). There is no evidence that cognitive effects are fully reversible following discontinuation of treatment. No human studies have systematically explored the impact of these treatments on neuropsychological function with an adequate baseline and follow-up. There is some evidence of a detrimental impact of pubertal suppression on IQ in children. Conclusion: Critical questions remain unanswered regarding the nature, extent and permanence of any arrested development of cognitive function associated with puberty blockers. The impact of puberal suppression on measures of neuropsychological function is an urgent research priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for detecting placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) during the first trimester of pregnancy and compare it with the accuracy of second‐ and third‐trimester ultrasound examination in pregnancies at risk for PAS. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant studies published from inception until 10 March 2023. Inclusion criteria were cohort, case–control or cross‐sectional studies that evaluated the accuracy of ultrasound examination performed at < 14 weeks of gestation (first trimester) or ≥ 14 weeks of gestation (second/third trimester) for the diagnosis of PAS in pregnancies with clinical risk factors. The primary outcome was the diagnostic accuracy of sonography in detecting PAS in the first trimester, compared with the accuracy of ultrasound examination in the second and third trimesters. The secondary outcome was the diagnostic accuracy of each sonographic marker individually across the trimesters of pregnancy. The reference standard was PAS confirmed at pathological or surgical examination. The potential of ultrasound and different ultrasound signs to detect PAS was assessed by computing summary estimates of sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio and positive and negative likelihood ratios. Results: A total of 37 studies, including 5764 pregnancies at risk of PAS, with 1348 cases of confirmed PAS, were included in our analysis. The meta‐analysis demonstrated that ultrasound had a sensitivity of 86% (95% CI, 78–92%) and specificity of 63% (95% CI, 55–70%) during the first trimester, and a sensitivity of 88% (95% CI, 84–91%) and specificity of 92% (95% CI, 85–96%) during the second/third trimester. Regarding sonographic markers examined in the first trimester, lower uterine hypervascularity exhibited the highest sensitivity (97% (95% CI, 19–100%)), and uterovesical interface irregularity demonstrated the highest specificity (99% (95% CI, 96–100%)). In the second/third trimester, loss of clear zone had the highest sensitivity (80% (95% CI, 72–86%)), and uterovesical interface irregularity exhibited the highest specificity (99% (95% CI, 97–100%)). Conclusions: First‐trimester ultrasound examination has similar accuracy to second‐ and third‐trimester ultrasound examinations for the diagnosis of PAS. Routine first‐trimester ultrasound screening for patients at high risk of PAS may improve detection rates and allow earlier referral to tertiary care centers for pregnancy management. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The floating toe deformity is classified as a forefoot deformity wherein the distal portion of the toe does not establish touch with the ground, resulting in a suspended or elevated position while the finger is in a relaxed state. At first, it garnered considerable interest as a complication It is worth noting that this condition is particularly common in children under the age of 8, which usually disappears as the individual reaches maturity. Studies have shown that with the aggravation of floating toe deformity, its adverse effects on patients' gait and overall quality of life also increase. Despite the prevalence of floating toe deformity in clinical settings, there is a lack of comprehensive literature investigating its underlying causes and potential preventive strategies. This scope review follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) statement guidelines for scope reviews. The literature was obtained from various full‐text databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, PubMed, and Web of Science Database. Our search focused on published literature related to floating toes, Weil osteotomy, and distal metatarsal osteotomy, up until March 1, 2023. The literature search and data analysis are conducted by two independent reviewers. If there are any disagreements, a third researcher will participate in the discussion and negotiate a decision. Furthermore, two experienced foot and ankle surgeons conducted a thorough literature analysis for this review. Sixty‐two articles were included. Through the clinical analysis of the structural changes of the forefoot before and after operation, the classification of floating toe was described, the causes of pathological floating toe were summarized, and the possible intervention measures for the disease were put forward under the advice of foot and ankle surgery experts. We comprehensively summarize the current knowledge system about the etiology of floating toe and put forward the corresponding intervention strategy. We recommend that future studies will focus on the improvement of surgical procedures, such as the combination of Weil osteotomy, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) arthrodesis and flexor tendon arthrodesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Alcohol is implicated in epileptogenesis and seizures attack. An increasing number of studies about alcohol and epilepsy have been published. We aimed to assess research trends and hot spots in the field of alcohol and epilepsy. Patients and Methods: Literature concerning alcohol and epilepsy was systemically searched through the Web of Science database. Collaborative maps were quantitatively analyzed by using the VOSviewer and CiteSpace tools. Results: A total of 1578 papers about the field of alcohol and epilepsy were taken into analysis, which was written by 6840 authors from 2153 institutions in 85 countries, published in 676 journals, and cited 79 667 references from 10 750 journals. The United States was the leading country and had close ties with others. The University of Toronto was the most productive institution. Alcoholism‐clinical and experimental research was the fastest‐growing journal. Richard J. Bodnar was the author contributing the most literature. Analysis of keywords showed epilepsy, alcohol, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, and management were common themes. Conclusion: The presented study conducted the first bibliometric analysis of the field of alcohol and epilepsy, which will provide insights into the latest progress, evolution paths, frontier research hot spots, and future research trends in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of meta‐analyses investigating the role of folate on depression are conflicting. The aim of this umbrella meta‐analysis was to obtain an overall effect and give a concise and resolving conclusion. International scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to Oct 2023. All observational and interventional meta‐analyses investigating the role of folate in depression were included in the study. Random‐effects model was employed to obtain pooled results. I2 statistics and Cochrane Q test were used to assess the between‐study heterogeneity. The quality of included meta‐analyses was evaluated using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) questionnaire. Overall 11 studies were included, of which 8 studies went under quantitative evaluation. The results indicated that folate supplementation significantly relieved depression symptoms [(SMD: −0.42; 95% CI: −0.57, −0.27, p <.001; I2 = 0.0%, p‐heterogeneity = 0.554) (WMD: −3.20; 95% CI: −4.00, −2.41, p <.001, I2 = 14.8%, p‐heterogeneity = 0.318)] with low levels of heterogeneity. Also, based on observational studies, folate insufficiency significantly increased the odds ratio of depression by 35% (OR:1.35; 95% CI: 1.27, 1.42, p <.001, I2 = 8.7%, p‐heterogeneity = 0.350). The findings support the fact that folate supplementation could be suggested as an efficacious and adjuvant agent in the alleviation of depression symptoms along with routine medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Childhood cancer survivors are at increased risk of late mortality (death =5 years after diagnosis) from cancer recurrence and treatment-related late effects. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide comprehensive estimates of late mortality risk among survivors internationally and to investigate differences in risk across world regions. Methods: Health sciences databases were searched for cohort studies comprised of 5-year childhood cancer survivors in which the risk of mortality was evaluated across multiple cancer types. Eligible studies assessed all-cause mortality risk in survivors relative to the general population using the standardized mortality ratio (SMR). The absolute excess risk (AER) was assessed as a secondary measure to examine excess deaths. Cause-specific mortality risk was also assessed, if reported. SMRs from nonoverlapping cohorts were combined in subgroup meta-analysis, and the effect of world region was tested in univariate meta-regression. Results: Nineteen studies were included, and cohort sizes ranged from 314 to 77,423 survivors. Throughout survivorship, SMRs for all-cause mortality generally declined, whereas AERs increased after 15-20 years from diagnosis in several cohorts. All-cause SMRs were significantly lower overall in North American studies than in European studies (relative SMR, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.80). SMRs for subsequent malignant neoplasms and for cardiovascular, respiratory, and external causes did not vary significantly between world regions. Conclusions: The current findings suggest that late mortality risk may differ significantly between world regions, but these conclusions are based on a limited number of studies with considerable heterogeneity. Reasons for regional differences remain unclear but may be better elucidated through future analyses of individual-level data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: During the COVID‐19 pandemic, home‐based and remote learning—particularly using electronic devices—was rapidly pushed out. Increased near‐work, screen time exposure and lack of outdoor time are risk factors that contribute to childhood myopia, but it is difficult to adopt recommendations from prior publications as a consistent limitation in the literature is the heterogeneity of research methodology. This review seeks to systematically evaluate how observational studies published during the pandemic have quantified and measured risk factors and myopia in school‐going children and adolescents. Methods: Three scientific databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus) were systematically searched from March 2020 to April 2022. Findings from relevant studies were descriptively summarised in relation to the PICOS‐based objective of the review. Results: The final sample of 13 studies included research from six countries and comprised 1 411 908 children and adolescents. The majority of studies (N = 10; 76.9%) used spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of −0.5 dioptres or lower as a common definition of myopia. Most studies (77.8%) measuring screen time exposure found it higher during COVID‐19 compared to pre‐COVID, but only one study used objective measurement of screen time. The average critical appraisal score of the sample was only 66.1%, with a considerable number of studies failing to identify and adjust for potential confounders. Conclusion: Future studies should consider emergent objective and validated measures of risk factors, account for potential a priori confounders and covariates and ensure more representativeness in the sociodemographic makeup of their samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer vision (CV) shows increasing promise as an efficient, low‐cost tool for video seizure detection and classification. Here, we provide an overview of the fundamental concepts needed to understand CV and summarize the structure and performance of various model architectures used in video seizure analysis. We conduct a systematic literature review of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from January 1, 2000 to September 15, 2023, to identify the strengths and limitations of CV seizure analysis methods and discuss the utility of these models when applied to different clinical seizure phenotypes. Reviews, nonhuman studies, and those with insufficient or poor quality data are excluded from the review. Of the 1942 records identified, 45 meet inclusion criteria and are analyzed. We conclude that the field has shown tremendous growth over the past 2 decades, leading to several model architectures with impressive accuracy and efficiency. The rapid and scalable detection offered by CV models holds the potential to reduce sudden unexpected death in epilepsy and help alleviate resource limitations in epilepsy monitoring units. However, a lack of standardized, thorough validation measures and concerns about patient privacy remain important obstacles for widespread acceptance and adoption. Investigation into the performance of models across varied datasets from clinical and nonclinical environments is an essential area for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the use of D‐amino acids as food preservatives has attracted considerable attention because these natural compounds do not have adverse effects on human health. In addition, D‐amino acids such as D‐tryptophan can reduce the harmful effects of other treatments. For instance, the use of D‐tryptophan in food reduces the requirement for high temperatures and their damaging effects on nutrients such as proteins and vitamins. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of D‐tryptophan on food‐borne pathogens in vitro and in food models. To identify related studies, scientific digital databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched from January 2000 to February 2023. The results of the studies showed that when D‐tryptophan was used with other stresses such as using different salt concentrations, refrigeration, or high temperatures, it showed significant antimicrobial effects on Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative food‐borne pathogens, and antibiofilm impacts were also observed with D‐tryptophan. Since studies have shown that the antimicrobial activity of D‐tryptophan depends on several factors, including the pathogen strain, the type of stress, and the concentration of D‐tryptophan, and every article has focused on one of these factors, there is a need for a systematic review that summarizes and concludes the effect of all these factors on the antimicrobial activity of D‐tryptophan against food‐borne pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the current utilization and future potential of ChatGPT, an AI-based chat model, in the field of radiology. The primary focus is on its role in enhancing decision-making processes, optimizing workflow efficiency, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and teaching within healthcare. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases. Key aspects, such as its impact on complex decision-making, workflow enhancement and collaboration, were assessed. Limitations and challenges associated with ChatGPT implementation were also examined. Overall, six studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in our analysis. All studies were prospective in nature. A total of 551 chatGPT (version 3.0 to 4.0) assessment events were included in our analysis. Considering the generation of academic papers, ChatGPT was found to output data inaccuracies 80% of the time. When ChatGPT was asked questions regarding common interventional radiology procedures, it contained entirely incorrect information 45% of the time. ChatGPT was seen to better answer US board-style questions when lower order thinking was required (P = 0.002). Improvements were seen between chatGPT 3.5 and 4.0 in regard to imaging questions with accuracy rates of 61 versus 85%(P = 0.009). ChatGPT was observed to have an average translational ability score of 4.27/5 on the Likert scale regarding CT and MRI findings. ChatGPT demonstrates substantial potential to augment decision-making and optimizing workflow. While ChatGPT’s promise is evident, thorough evaluation and validation are imperative before widespread adoption in the field of radiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have been increasingly associated with eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGID). However, the relationship between these diseases remains unclear. We performed a systematic review with meta‐analysis to address this issue. Methods: The search was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines using descriptors for ASD and EGIDs from the MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, LILACS, and Web of Science databases. Observational studies with the prevalence of ASD in any EGID were included. The study protocol was registered on the PROSPERO platform under the number CRD42023455177. Results: The total dataset comprised 766,082 participants. The result of the single‐arm meta‐analysis showed an overall prevalence of ASD in the population with EGID of 21.59% (95% CI: 10.73–38.67). There was an association between EGID and ASD (OR: 3.44; 95% CI: 1.25–2.21), also significant when restricted only to EoE (OR: 3.70; 95% CI: 2.71–5.70). Discussion: Recent studies have implicated the influence of an inadequate epithelial barrier integrity in the pathogenesis of several diseases. The role of this mechanism can be extended to situations beyond allergic reactions, including other conditions with underlying immunological mechanisms. Several diseases are potentially related to the systemic effect of bacterial translocation in tissues with defective epithelial barriers. Conclusion: Our meta‐analysis provides evidence that supports the consideration of EGID in patients with ASD and ASD in patients with EGID. Despite its limitations, the results should also be validated by future studies, preferably using multicenter prospective designs in populations with low referral bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robots are widely used in surgeries worldwide. To improve robotic surgical treatments, we established a database of clinical applications and research on surgical robots. Robotics-related literature included in the China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Vipshop, Chinese science citation database (CSCD), Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases up to September 2022 was searched and entered into the database. Information on all patients who had undergone robotic surgery at our hospital since 2016 was also included. Literature and case information was classified and evaluated according to standard guidelines and statements. The Gansu Provincial Hospital was the first to use evidence-based medical research methods to successfully establish a database of clinical applications and research on surgical robots. This database comprised literature search, upload, quality evaluation, risk of bias assessment, case information entry, and access functions. Based on the database, we conducted related studies in general surgery, gynecology, urology, thoracic surgery, and cardiovascular surgery, and published 16 meta-analyses and 15 clinical studies. Establishing this database removes language, retrieval, and evaluation barriers in clinicians' use of clinical evidence and lays the foundation for the efficient and accurate use of clinical data for future research. Further, it facilitates evidence-based evaluation of the effectiveness of robotic therapy, which may guide future medical practice. This typical case of interdisciplinary research aims to build a platform to disseminate knowledge and technology in robotic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine and summarize the available data on urinary, sexual, and health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQOL) outcomes after traditional radical cystectomy (RC), reproductive organ‐preserving RC (ROPRC) and nerve‐sparing RC (NSRC) for bladder cancer (BCa) in female patients. Methods: The PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases were searched to identify studies reporting functional outcomes in female patients undergoing RC and urinary diversion for the treatment of BCa. The outcomes of interest were voiding function (for orthotopic neobladder [ONB]), sexual function and HRQOL. The following independent variables were derived and included in the meta‐analysis: pooled rate of daytime and nighttime continence/incontinence, and intermittent self‐catheterization (ISC) rates. Analyses were performed separately for traditional, organ‐ and/or nerve‐sparing surgical approaches. Results: Fifty‐three studies comprising 2740 female patients (1201 traditional RC and 1539 organ‐/nerve‐sparing RC, and 264 nerve‐sparing‐alone RC) were eligible for qualitative synthesis; 44 studies comprising 2418 female patients were included in the quantitative synthesis. In women with ONB diversion, the pooled rates of daytime continence after traditional RC, ROPRC and NSRC were 75.2%, 79.3% and 71.2%, respectively. The pooled rate of nighttime continence after traditional RC was 59.5%; this rate increased to 70.7% and 71.7% in women who underwent ROPRC and NSRC, respectively. The pooled rate of ISC after traditional RC with ONB diversion in female patients was 27.6% and decreased to 20.6% and 16.8% in patients undergoing ROPRC and NSRC, respectively. The use of different definitions and questionnaires in the assessment of postoperative sexual and HRQOL outcomes did not allow a systematic comparison. Conclusions: Female organ‐ and nerve‐sparing surgical approaches during RC seem to result in improved voiding function. There is a significant need for well‐designed studies exploring sexual and HRQOL outcomes to establish evidence‐based management strategies to support a shared decision‐making process tailored towards patient expectations and satisfaction. Understanding expected functional, sexual and quality‐of‐life outcomes is necessary to allow individualized pre‐ and postoperative counselling and care delivery in female patients planned to undergo RC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there has been attention paid to decolonizing global health, there is no accepted understanding of the concept. Therefore, this protocol outlines the steps for a planned scoping review to assess the academic literature for discussions on decolonizing global health. Namely, to consider what this concept means within mainstream global health databases and how it can be acted on. We also hope to shed light on who is participating in these discussions. The PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) was used to develop this scoping review protocol. With the guidance of an academic librarian, we searched OVID Medline, OVID Embase, EBSCO CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, PAIS Index, Worldwide Political Science Abstracts, and the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences databases from inception to the date the search is conducted. The inclusion criterion is that texts must: (i) use the exact phrasing of "decoloni* global health" or "anticolonial global health," (ii) include substantive discussion of what decolonizi* global health or anticolonial global health means (i.e., we will exclude single mentions that do not include an explanation, elaboration, or context), and (iii) be published in English. Similarly, the exclusion criteria include: (i) texts that do not substantively discuss decolonizing global health and (ii) grey literature hits. This protocol establishes the study parameters for the planned scoping review. We anticipate the findings from the scoping review to bring much needed clarity to discussions around decolonizing global health, in terms of meaning(s), gaps, and possible actions. Key points: Although there has been attention paid to decolonizing global health, there is no accepted understanding of the concept.This protocol outlines the steps for a planned scoping review to assess what this concept means within mainstream global health databases and how it can be acted on.We also hope to shed light on who is participating in these discussions.We anticipate the findings from the scoping review to bring much needed clarity to discussions around decolonizing global health, in terms of meaning(s), gaps, and possible actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The escalating demand for ultra‐processed foods poses a growing concern due to its potential adverse effects on human health. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research and review articles investigating the intricate relationship between ultra‐processed foods and the gut microbiota. Employing rigorous search strategies across Scopus and Web of Science databases, we identified 211 English‐language articles. Utilising Biblioshiny and R‐tool Bibliometrix, we analysed publication and citation trends, prominent contributors, collaborative networks and influential journals. Our investigation reveals a consistent upward trajectory in both publications and citations over the past 42 years. Notably, the articles by Chassaing et al. (Nature, 519, 2015 and 92) and Thomas et al. (Frontiers in Microbiology, 2, 2011 and 93) stand out with the highest citation counts, highlighting their impact in research and review domains. The United States emerges as a key player, leading in both citations and productivity. 'Nutrients' emerges as a dominant journal in disseminating knowledge in this field. Importantly, our analysis extends beyond bibliometrics to glean insights into the actual impact of ultra‐processed foods on the gut microbiota. Synthesising findings from the reviewed articles, we observe a nuanced relationship between ultra‐processed food consumption and alterations in the gut microbiota composition. While the specific 'dry' impact remains a focal point, our results underscore the need for targeted research to elucidate the molecular and functional implications of these dietary patterns on gut microbial communities. This 42‐year bibliometric journey underscores the increasing awareness and concern surrounding the impact of ultra‐processed foods on the gut microbiota. The rising trend in publications and citations, coupled with our nuanced insights, emphasises the continued significance of this field. Researchers, policymakers and health professionals will find our study valuable for understanding the evolving landscape and addressing the broader implications of modern dietary trends on human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crop–pollinator interactions are essential for world food security. Studying crop pollination from a network approach allows identification of target pollinators for conservation and management, and gaps in our knowledge. Solanaceae represents the third highest ranked family based on economic value, and its production is highly improved by animal pollination. This study aimed to integrate global data on solanaceous crop pollination and analyse the interaction patterns using a meta‐network approach. Our questions were: (i) how are interactions structured and what are the structuring roles of species; and (ii) what are the main gaps in our knowledge?Data were obtained through a systematic review of the main scientific databases. The network structure was described using connectivity and modularity calculations, and the role of species using centrality metrics.The 251 pollinator species reported were in seven orders, mainly Hymenoptera (84.9%). The generalists Bombus and Apis species were the most common pollinators. The meta‐network was modular, and all modules mostly included bees. Most species were peripherals, around 12% were connectors, and there were no module hubs. Apis mellifera was the only network hub (supergeneralist).The most important pollinators are the most managed pollinators worldwide; however, many native species play a role in structuring the meta‐network. Main gaps include species of importance to pepper pollination, lack of species‐specific identification, and the need for more robust experimental studies evaluating the pollination efficiency of native, manageable bees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/Introduction: An overrepresentation of epilepsy has been suggested in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate if type 1 diabetes is associated with a higher incidence of epilepsy. Materials and Methods: Longitudinal observational studies which are relevant to the purpose of the meta-analysis were screened and obtained by searching PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Random-effects models were used when significant heterogeneity was observed; otherwise, fixed-effects models were used. Results: Six observational studies involving 10 datasets of 8,001,899 participants were included, with six datasets including children and only one dataset including older people. Among them, 100,414 (1.25%) had type 1 diabetes. During the follow-up duration of 5.4-15.2 years (mean: 9.5 years), 98,644 cases (1.23%) of epilepsy were observed. Compared with participants with normoglycemia, those with type 1 diabetes were shown to have a higher incidence of epilepsy (risk ratio [RR]: 2.41, 95% confidence interval 1.69-3.44, P < 0.001; I2 = 95%) after adjustment of potential confounding variables including age and sex. Subgroup analysis showed consistent results in nested case-control and retrospective cohort studies, and in studies of children, non-elderly adult, and older participants (P for subgroup difference = 0.42 and 0.07). In addition, a stronger association of type 1 diabetes and epilepsy was suggested in studies with follow-up duration <10 years compared with those =10 years (RR: 3.34 vs 1.61, P for subgroup difference < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with type 1 diabetes may have a higher risk of epilepsy, which was mainly driven by datasets including children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of scientific publications about serious games has exponentially increased, often surpassing human limitations in processing such a large volume of information. Consequently, the importance of frameworks for summarising such fast‐expanding literature has also grown. This paper draws a panorama of serious game research streams, focusing on higher education in engineering and management. The research design involves a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines, along with bibliometric and content analyses. The sample comprises 701 documents collected from both Scopus and Web of Science databases. For supporting bibliometric analyses, Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny tools are employed. In addition, a coding schema is developed for in‐depth analysis of 701 documents selected according to the inclusion criteria. In short, the literature on serious games for engineering and management education grows more rapidly than modern science, following a globalised, collaborative and context‐based trajectory. The results reveal five main research streams: game design guidelines, game design cases, game experiment guidelines, game experiment cases and generalists. These streams are summarised in a proposed framework. Cross‐tabulation and statistical analyses conducted in SPSS Statistics identify the key relationships amongst the research streams. Finally, opportunities to investigate serious games for sustainable development education arise, and there is a need for future efforts to formalise the framework classification algorithm. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Scientific production related to Serious Games (SGs) has grown exponentially in a globalised manner. It reflects the interest from various domains, particularly the field of sustainability in management.Literature reviews on SGs have emphasised various topics, including the acceptance of simulations and games as effective methods of teaching and learning. The role of technology‐enhanced games and simulations in the context of digital transformation in education and the emergence of sustainability as a promising field for future SGs research are also highlighted.The literature has introduced three categories for empirical research on SGs: (1) game presentation, (2) game evaluation and (3) game effectiveness. It has also highlighted methodological rigour as a common challenge across studies.What this paper adds Scientific research on SGs in Engineering and Management Higher Education (EMHE) experiences exponential and significantly faster growth compared to modern science in a globalised and collaborative manner. This growth reveals the scarcity of experts in this area and attracts the attention of various fields, particularly in the realm of sustainability.Thematic trajectories indicate a decline in discussions regarding users' perceptions of SGs and their validity as educational tools. They also demonstrate consistency in discussions about SGs design, and the potential of sustainability emerges as a promising area for future SGs in EMHE.A comprehensive framework composed by five primary research streams connects game design cases and guidelines, game experiment cases and guidelines and generalists. This framework can serve as a lens for future context‐based literature reviews, and the relationships amongst its streams reinforce the idea that the field can benefit from increased methodological rigour in experiments.Implications for practice and/or policy This review offers categorised supplementary material in which educators can discover a variety of artefacts for application in their specific educational contexts. Designers can access guidelines for enhancing the design of innovative games. Researchers can access guidelines for more effective evaluation of their artefacts across various contexts. Finally, policymakers can explore numerous experiments to inform decisions related to technology‐enhanced innovations in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future of physiology has been a recurrent concern for physiologists and Physiological Societies within post-Bologna Europe and the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). Our paper provides an overview of Physiology teaching and research in Portugal, an EU member state and part of the EHEA. A descriptive study was designed to analyze data publicly available from the National Higher Education Directorate agency (DGES) from September to November 2022 to find all Portuguese syllabi containing at least one discipline related to human Physiology. A detailed database was established, including teaching staff, with a total of 365 courses/degrees and 764 Physiology disciplines. A bibliometric analysis of the identifiable lecturers' scientific production between 2017 and 2022 was made using Web of Science and PUBMED databases. Physiology is part of all health-related professions. However, universities and technical colleges differ greatly in programs, staff backgrounds, and scientific profiles. Medical schools were found to provide the most complete formation. Noteworthy, the profession of Physiologist has practically no expression within the EHEA, compared with the USA-UK realities. A better knowledge and understanding of these Physiology modalities in teaching and research within the EHEA will be instrumental to defining a stronger identity for European Physiology in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the impact, performance, degree of specialization, and collaboration patterns of the worldwide scientific production on tissue engineering in otorhinolaryngology at the level of countries and institutions. Methods: Two different techniques were used, performance and science mapping analyses, using as samples all the available documents regarding tissue engineering focused on otorhinolaryngology applications. The dataset was retrieved from the Core Collection of the Web of Science database from 1900 to 2020. Social structure was analyzed using science mapping analysis with VOSviewer software. Results: The United States was the main producer, followed by Germany, and Japan. Malaysia and Germany had the highest Relative Specialization Index, indicating their greater relative interest in this area compared to other countries. The social structure analysis showed that the United States and Germany had significant co‐authorship relationships with other countries. The University of California System, Kyoto University, and Harvard University were the leading institutions producing literature in this field. These latter two institutions showed the largest number of collaborations, although most of them were with institutions within their own country. There was a lack of connections between different communities of research. Conclusion: The United States is the main country driving progress in this research area, housing the most notable institutions. However, significant collaborations between these research centers are currently lacking. Encouraging greater cooperation among these institutions and their researchers would promote the exchange of knowledge, ultimately facilitating and accelerating advancements in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the long‐term efficacy, safety, and cumulative retention rate of antitumor necrosis factor‐alpha (anti‐TNF‐α) therapy for patients with Behcet's uveitis (BU) using meta‐analysis. Methods: We searched the Web of Science and PubMed databases for eligible studies up to December 1, 2022. The quality of each identified study was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's case series literature quality assessment tool. Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata 16.0 software with a random‐effects model. Results: Twelve studies comprising 1156 patients with BU were included in our analysis. We found that 85.0% of patients achieved ocular inflammation remission after receiving anti‐TNF‐α treatment, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 78.7% to 90.5%. Additionally, 77.4% (95% CI: 57.5%–92.5%) experienced an improvement in visual acuity (VA). Moreover, the pooled dose reduction of glucocorticoids (GCs) was 11.08 mg (95% CI: −13.34 mg to −8.83 mg). Throughout the follow‐up period, the cumulative retention rate of the medication was 67.3% (95% CI: 53.7%–79.6%). Serious adverse events occurred in 5.8% (95% CI: 3.1%–8.9%) of cases, with the three most common types being severe infusion or injection reactions (2.7%; 95% CI: 0.8%–5.4%), tuberculosis (1.3%; 95% CI: 0.0%–3.9%), and bacterial pneumonia (1.3%; 95% CI: 0.1%–3.4%). Subgroup analysis revealed that ocular inflammation remission rates were 89.3% (95% CI: 81.2%–95.5%) for adalimumab treatment and 83.7% (95% CI: 75.3%–90.8%) for infliximab treatment. The drug retention rate after adalimumab therapy was 70.3% (95% CI: 62.0%–78.0%) compared to 66.4% (95% CI: 48.6%–82.2%) for infliximab treatment. Furthermore, the incidence of severe infusion or injection reactions was 2.2% (95% CI: 0.1%–5.8%) following adalimumab treatment and 3.5% (95% CI: 0.7%–7.7%) following infliximab treatment. Conclusions: Anti‐TNF‐α therapy represents an effective treatment for BU patients with favorable safety profile and high drug retention rate and a potential advantage of adalimumab over infliximab in terms of ocular inflammation remission, drug retention, and the incidence of severe infusion or injection reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A better understanding of patients' adherence to treatment is a prerequisite to maximize the benefit of healthcare provision for patients, reduce treatment costs, and is a key factor in a variety of subsequent health outcomes. We aim to understand the state of the art of scientific evidence about which factors influence patients' adherence to treatment. A systematic literature review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines in five separate electronic databases of scientific publications: PubMed, PsycINFO (ProQuest), Cochrane library (Ovid), Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The search focused on literature reporting the significance of factors in adherence to treatment between 2011 and 2021, including only experimental studies (e.g., randomized controlled trials [RCT], clinical trials, etc.). We included 47 experimental studies. The results of the systematic review (SR) are grouped according to predetermined categories of the World Health Organization (WHO): socioeconomic, treatment, condition, personal, and healthcare‐related factors. This review gives an actual overview of evidence‐based studies on adherence and analyzed the significance of factors defined by the WHO classification. By showing the strength of certain factors in several independent studies and concomitantly uncovering gaps in research, these insights could serve as a basis for the design of future adherence studies and models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: There is no thorough overview of intentional tooth replantation techniques. We performed a bibliometric analysis of the development of intentional tooth replantation. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of the Web of Science and SCOPUS databases was conducted in February 2023. Original articles and reviews of human studies with "intentional replantation" or synonyms in the titles, abstracts, or keywords were included. A descriptive analysis of bibliographic data, co‐occurrence analysis, and coupling of publications was performed. Multivariate analysis was used to explore the bibliometric parameters associated with the citation counts. Results: The study included 171 papers, which were co‐authored by 500 individuals affiliated with 217 institutions from 28 countries/regions. The USA contributed the greatest number of publications, followed by China, and Japan. The USA had 694 citations, followed by Japan (210), and Turkey (210). The Journal of Endodontics and Dental Traumatology contributed the most citations. Five directions for future research were identified based on the coupling relationships of publications, including "managing vertical root fractures with adhesive resin using the intentional replantation technique," "intentional replantation for periodontally hopeless or endodontically compromised teeth," "intentional replantation for treating abnormalities of morphological development," "outcomes and prognosis factors of intentional replantation," and "treating root replacement resorption by intentional replantation." Multivariate analysis showed that the publication year, Journal Citation Reports ranking of journals, study design, and disease type were predictors of citation counts. Conclusions: This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive description of the intentional replantation technique. The USA published the greatest volume of papers and generated the most citations. The Journal of Endodontics and Dental Traumatology are considered the most influential. The Journal Citation Reports journal ranking (Q1, Q2), study design (case reports, cohort studies), and disease type (crown root fractures) were associated with the citation counts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) may have cognitive, sensitive, behavioral, communicative, and convulsive disorders. Because defensive reflexes are reduced by CP, the risk of orofacial trauma is greater in these individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of orofacial injuries resulting from trauma in patients with CP. This review was reported according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO—CRD42022293570). The search was performed for articles published until January 2023 in Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Gray literature was also consulted through Google Scholar, OpenGrey, ProQuest Dissertations, and Theses. Studies in which orofacial injuries due to trauma were prevalent in individuals with CP were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. Additionally, a random‐effects meta‐analysis was conducted. Twelve studies were included in the synthesis, of which nine presented a low risk of bias and three presented a moderate risk. When considering the general prevalence of orofacial injuries in patients with CP, a prevalence of 34% [95% CI = 18%–52%; I2 = 98%] was observed, with enamel and dentin fractures being the most common orofacial injuries. Approximately one in three patients with CP showed at least one type of orofacial injury involving dental trauma. There is a lack of literature assessing the prevalence of these traumas in soft tissues and the evidence for this outcome remains uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of online crowd‐sourced nature databases provides an opportunity to yield information about ecological interactions on a scale not previously possible. In particular, such databases provide an opportunity to collate information on host–parasite interactions through screening photographs of hosts. Using photographs from iNaturalist we expanded the known hosts for ectoparasitic mites in New Zealand geckos from 9 to 20 host species, including the first report of ectoparasitic mites on geckos from the genus Toropuku. Additionally, spatial and seasonal variation in mite prevalence was investigated, giving deeper insight in the possibilities of analysing crowd‐sourced datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Polysomnographic studies have been performed to investigate the first‐night effect in insomnia disorder. However, these studies have revealed discrepant findings. This meta‐analysis aimed to summarise and quantify the characteristics of the first‐night effect in insomnia disorder. We performed a systematic search of the PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases to identify studies published through October 2019. A total of 11,862 articles were identified, and seven studies with eight independent populations were included in the meta‐analysis. A total of 639 patients with insomnia disorder and 171 healthy controls underwent more than 2 consecutive nights of in‐laboratory polysomnography. Pooled results demonstrated that both variables of sleep continuity and sleep architecture, other than slow‐wave sleep were significantly altered in the first‐night effect in insomnia disorder. Furthermore, the results indicated that patients with insomnia disorder had a disruption of sleep continuity in the first‐night effect, including increased sleep onset latency and reduced total sleep time, compared to healthy controls. Overall, the findings show that patients with insomnia disorder experience the first‐night effect, rather than reverse first‐night effect, and the profiles of the first‐night effect in patients with insomnia are different from healthy controls. These indicate that an adaptation night is necessary when sleep continuity and sleep architecture is to be studied in patients with insomnia disorder. More well‐designed studies with large samples are needed to confirm the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To examine the utility of the health belief model (HBM) and other socioeconomic factors in shaping cervical screening behaviors. Also, to provide recommendations on improving screening uptake. Methodology: A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane/CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases for articles reporting on the factors associated with cervical screening using the HBM within the period from January of 2002 to January of 2023. Effect sizes for the various HBM constructs were pre‐determined using the log odds ratio (logOR) and expressed with their confidence intervals. All reporting was in line with the PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 21 studies were included in the final analysis comprised of 15,365 participants. Our pooled analysis demonstrated that perceived susceptibility (OR: 1.40, 95% CI, 1.03–1.89), perceived benefits (OR: 1.30; 95% CI, 1.13–1.50), and self‐efficacy (OR: 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05–1.17) were significantly associated with both the uptake of and intention to adopt preventive measures against cervical cancer. Conversely, women with higher perceptions of barriers were less likely to adopt any measure for cervical cancer screening or prevention (OR: 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57–0.91). In terms of sociodemographic effectors, older age (OR: 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01–1.19), graduate/post‐graduate education (OR: 2.80; 95% CI, 1.46–5.37), higher knowledge of cervical cancer (OR: 2.21; 95% CI, 1.27–3.84), and being married (OR: 3.89; 95% CI, 1.38–10.92) were all associated with altering preventive behaviors and intentions toward cervical cancer. Conclusion: This review delineates the most important and effective cognitive components that should be targeted within interventions aiming to promote cervical cancer prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: Pemphigus vulgaris may worsen during pregnancy, leading to both maternal and fetal complications. The relationship between pemphigus vulgaris and pregnancy remains unclear, and the outcomes and treatments of pemphigus vulgaris during pregnancy have not been extensively discussed. Method of Study: This article systematically reviews the literature, focusing on the relationship between pemphigus vulgaris and pregnancy. We conducted comprehensive searches in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, identifying 42 studies reporting the disease course, pregnancy outcomes, and management of both pregnancy and pemphigus vulgaris. Results: A total of 57 cases were included in the analysis, categorized into three distinct forms: pemphigus vulgaris onset before pregnancy (n = 33), onset during pregnancy (n = 20), and onset during the postpartum period (n = 4). Fifty four cases reported treatment strategies, among them, 44 cases (81.5%) initially received systemic corticosteroid therapy during pregnancy. Out of these cases, 7 (15.9%) did not achieve successful remission and required alternative treatment approaches. In terms of pregnancy outcomes, 23 out of 62 neonates (37.1%) exhibited skin lesions or tested positive for anti‐dsg IgG in their serum, while 16 neonates (25.8%) experienced other complications. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of effectively managing pemphigus vulgaris during pregnancy to ensure optimal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Recently, vonoprazan‐amoxicillin (VA) dual therapy has been reported as a promising approach for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. However, the effects of VA therapy versus bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy (BQT) on H. pylori eradication remains unclear. The objective of this meta‐analysis was to compare the effects of VA dual therapy with BQT for H. pylori eradication. Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted from the beginning to September 2023, utilizing PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science database. A random‐effects model was used to perform a meta‐analysis to determine the pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Moreover, trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted to evaluate the conclusiveness of the H. pylori eradication rate. Results: Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 1233 patients were included. The VA therapy has similar eradication rate (ITT analysis: 87% vs. 85.7%, RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.93–1.09, p = 0.84; PP analysis: 92.5% vs. 93.2%, RR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.94–1.06, p = 0.97) and compliance (RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.99–1.03, p = 0.32) compared to BQT. The VA therapy group had a significantly lower incidence of total adverse events than the BQT group (16.3% vs. 40.0%, RR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.37–0.55, p < 0.00001). The TSA result showed that the effect was conclusive. Conclusions: Current evidence indicated that VA therapy is just as successful as BQT in eliminating H. pylori, yet it has fewer adverse events and similar compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The radiographic examination of alveolar bone using 3D radiographic examination is essential in dental implant treatment planning. Our study aimed to systematically review and quantitatively analyze the correlation between alveolar bone parameters, specifically bone density and cortical bone thickness, assessed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and/or multidetector computed tomography (MDCT); and primary implant stability (PIS) determined using implant stability quotient (ISQ), Periotest® value (PTV), and insertion torque value (ITV). Methods: This review was registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42022307245). An electronic literature search was conducted on the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases for papers published until February 2022. The Quality Assessment in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool was used to assess risk of bias. Meta‐analyses were conducted to calculate the estimated average correlation coefficient based on a multilevel random‐effects model, followed by subgroup analysis. Results: Twenty‐six studies were included in this review, consisting of 17 prospective cohort studies, eight retrospective cohort studies, and one nonrandomized controlled trial. A total of 3109 implants placed in 1171 subjects were analyzed. Twenty‐three studies were evaluated using meta‐analysis. The alveolar bone condition was significantly correlated with ISQ (r = 0.60; p <.001), IT (r = 0.52; p <.001), and PTV (r = −0.42; p <.05). Conclusion: Alveolar bone condition is significantly associated with PIS. Low bone density and thin cortical bone can lead to low PIS; therefore, modification of treatment planning and surgical procedures might be needed to avoid poor osseointegration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a well‐known precancerous oral lesion, characterized by scarring, tissue fibrosis, and premalignant lesions. The goal of clinical treatment is to reduce inflammation and improve patients' quality of life by enhancing mouth opening among others. Antioxidant treatment has shown promising results in inducing regression of lesions and preventing OSMF in high‐risk individuals. This study investigates the effectiveness of various antioxidant agents against OSMF. Materials and Methods: The study followed PRISMA guidelines and searched three scientific databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, using specific algorithms related to "antioxidant treatment," "burning sensation," and "mouth opening." The quality assessment of controlled clinical studies adhered to Cochrane guidelines. Results: The analysis included 19 clinical trials comparing different treatments, including various antioxidants. Aloe vera, curcumin, and lycopene, among others, showed positive outcomes in treating OSMF by improving burning sensation, mouth opening, tongue protrusion, and cheek flexibility. Conclusion: Antioxidant therapies are found to be effective in treating OSMF, even when compared to conventional treatments such as corticosteroids. The study highlights the need for further research and standardization of clinical protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy is a critical period associated with alterations in physiologic, biologic, and immunologic processes, which can affect maternal‐fetal health through development of several infectious diseases. At birth, neonates have an immature immune system that makes them more susceptible to severe viral infections and diseases. For this reason, different maternal nutritional and immunization interventions have been used to improve the immune and health status of the mother and her neonate through passive immunity. Here, we reviewed the protective role of maternal immunization with different types of vaccines, especially genetic vaccines, during pregnancy in maternal‐fetal health, immune response, colostrum quality, immune response, and anti‐oxidative status. For this purpose, we have used different scientific databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) and other official web pages. We customized the search period range from the year 2000 to 2023 using the key words "maternal immunization" OR "gestation period/pregnancy" OR "genetic vaccination" OR "maternal‐fetal health" OR "micronutrients" OR "neonatal immunity" "oxidative stress" OR "colostrum quality". The evidence demonstrated that inactivated or killed vaccines produced significant immune protection in the mother and fetus. Furthermore, most recent studies have suggested that the use of genetic vaccines (mRNA and DNA) during pregnancy is efficient at triggering the immune response in mother and neonate without the risk of undesired pregnancy outcomes. However, factors such as maternal redox balance, nutritional status, and the timing of immunization play essential roles in regulating immune response inflammatory status, antioxidant capacity, and the welfare of both the pregnant mother and her newborn. Synopsis: Use of genetic vaccines during pregnancy is efficient at triggering the immune response in mother and neonates without the risk of undesired pregnancy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on the analysis of the importance given to neutrality in the intervention of mediators, with special emphasis on the legislation and codes of conduct followed by mediators in Spain and Chile. For this purpose, a review of the literature on neutrality has been carried out using various scientific databases and an analysis of the legislation in these countries. The aim of this analysis was to highlight the research carried out by mediation professionals on this issue and to propose possible solutions. Among the results achieved is the affirmation that neutrality is in the mediation process and not in the mediator. This reality is not reflected in ethical codes of conduct or in legislation. Therefore, it is proposed the need to elaborate a universal and accredited code of ethics, which would help to consolidate the current polyphony of voices on mediator neutrality in the countries where mediation is used. As mediation as a profession becomes more and more established, it is essential that the principle of neutrality be understood unambiguously. In contrast to the rules that appear in current legislation and in certain codes of conduct, mediators should not be subject to the constraints of achieving personal neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Individuals with multiple system atrophy (MSA) often complain about pain, nonetheless this remains a poorly investigated non‐motor feature of MSA. Objectives: Here, we aimed at assessing the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors for pain in individuals with MSA. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyzes (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically screened the PubMED, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for papers published in English until September 30, 2022, combining the following keywords: "pain," "multiple system atrophy," "MSA," "olivopontocerebellar atrophy," "OPCA," "striatonigral degeneration," "SND," "Shy Drager," and "atypical parkinsonism." Results: The search identified 700 records. Sixteen studies provided information on pain prevalence in cohorts of MSA individuals and were included in a qualitative assessment based on the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool. Thirteen studies (11 cross‐sectional, two longitudinal) scored ≥14 points on QUADAS assessment and were included in a quantitative analysis, pooling data from 1236 MSA individuals. The resulting pooled prevalence of pain in MSA was 67% (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 57%–75%), and significantly higher in individuals with MSA of parkinsonian rather than cerebellar type (76% [95% CI = 63%–87%] vs. 45% [95% CI = 33%–57%], P = 0.001). Pain assessment tools and collected information were highly heterogeneous across studies. Two studies reported pain treatment strategies and found that only every second person with MSA complaining about pain had received targeted treatment. Conclusions: We found that pain is a frequent, but still under‐recognized and undertreated feature of MSA. Further research is needed to improve pain detection and treatment in MSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the 308 nm excimer laser is commonly used to cure vitiligo, its clinical efficacy is limited. Experts have found that the efficacy of compound glycyrrhizin tablets combined with the 308 nm excimer laser in the treatment of vitiligo is significantly enhanced, but the specific research methods and clinical data must be clarified. Objective: To determine the clinical efficacy of compound glycyrrhizin tablets combined with the 308 nm excimer laser in the treatment of vitiligo. Methods: Until August 2022, studies were searched in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and the Wan Fang Database. We also searched for clinical RCTs involving compound glycyrrhizin tablets combined with the 308 nm excimer laser for the treatment of vitiligo. The meta‐analysis was conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook's recommendations. Two reviewers regulated the study selection, data extraction, and assessment of bias risk, and consulted a third reviewer as necessary. For the meta‐analysis, Review Manager 5.4 was utilized. Results: Finally, 9 articles and 1052 patients were included. A systematic review compared the efficacy of compound glycyrrhizin tablets combined with the 308 nm excimer laser to that of the 308 nm excimer laser alone: OR = 3.33, p < 0.00001, 95% confidence interval [2.25, 4.92]. Conclusion: In the treatment of vitiligo, compound glycyrrhizin tablets combined with the 308 nm excimer laser are more effective than the 308 nm excimer laser alone, and there are no serious adverse reactions. It is a safe and efficient way of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional dental age estimation relies on destructive methods such as sectioning and staining, which are unpreferable when the tooth is required for evidential or archeological preservation. MicroCT is a non‐destructive, high‐resolution imaging technique that allows for accurate morphometrical measurement. Although microCT technology has been applied in a variety of dental studies, studies focusing on dental age‐related change and dental age estimation based on microCT imaging remain lacking. Based on the question: "How has microCT technology been applied in studying human age‐related tooth morphological change and dental age estimation studies?", the authors conducted a scoping review in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) and the PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. A literature search using five major scientific databases identified 452 articles, with 11 full‐text articles being eligible to be included in the scoping review. Furthermore, 6 out of the 11 studies performed dental age estimation modeling. An overview of the parameters used in the selected articles revealed a variety of tooth characteristics, such as pulp cavity to whole tooth volume ratio, secondary dentin, as well as the diameter of root canal orifice. The findings of this scoping review highlight the extent microCT is used in studying dental age‐related changes, as well as the effectiveness of microCT in dental age estimation studies. This review serves as a guide for future forensic odontology age estimation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The objective of this review study was to carry out a systematic review of the effects of the process in the preparation of kombucha. Scientific articles published between 2017 and 2022 were investigated in the ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science scientific databases. The search was carried out by applying the descriptors 'kombucha', 'tea', 'green tea', 'black tea', 'processing' and 'fermentation'. The work followed the standards of Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses in its structuring. Among the articles that met the inclusion criteria, ten studies were selected to compose this review. The studies' results showed the effects of the kombucha production process on the variables of type of herb, substrate, fermentation time and temperature. It was possible to conclude that the results of this work provide evidence about the effects of the kombucha process comprising different variables. New studies to optimise kombucha production must be carried out to standardise amounts of herbs, substrates, fermentation time and temperature since these parameters have shown an influence on the final product and, consequently, on its biological activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with the rapid advances in genomics leading to broad understanding of human disease, the linkage between chemical exposome and diseases is still under investigation. High‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is expected to accelerate the process via relatively accurate and precise biomonitoring of human exposome. This review covers recent advancements in biomonitoring of exposed environmental chemicals (chemical exposome) using HRMS described in the 124 articles that resulted from a systematic literature search on Medline and Web of Science databases. The analytical strategic aspects, including the selection of specimens, sample preparation, instrumentation, untargeted versus targeted analysis, and workflows for MS‐based biomonitoring to explore the environmental chemical space of human exposome, are deliberated. Applications of HRMS in human exposome investigation are presented by biomonitoring (1) exposed chemical compounds and their biotransformation products; (2) DNA/protein adducts; and (3) endogenous compound perturbations. Challenges and future perspectives are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oedema associated with psychotropics can impose a considerable burden, leading to increased morbidity and cost. Peripheral oedema is sometimes related to the use of antidepressants, which are among the most prescribed psychotropic medications. We reviewed the reported cases of antidepressant‐associated oedema to understand the risk factors, aetiology and outcome. Methods: We searched the Medline, Web of Science and Embase databases to identify reported cases of peripheral oedema associated with antidepressant use. We included studies published in English and those with full‐text availability. A systematic review of the reports was done to identify the antidepressants associated with oedema, explore possible risk factors, investigate potential mechanisms, and assess the outcome. Results: We identified a total of 45 cases (27 case reports and five case series) that reported oedema associated with antidepressant use. Almost all major classes of antidepressants were found to be associated with oedema. Among these drugs, trazodone, mirtazapine, and escitalopram were the most implicated. Older age and female gender were more commonly associated with oedema. Etiologically, antagonism of α1 adrenergic receptors and 5HT2A receptors, leading to vasodilation and oedema, emerged as the most prevalent mechanisms. In most cases, the oedema subsided following the discontinuation of the antidepressants. Conclusions: Peripheral oedema associated with antidepressant use can represent a significant adverse drug reaction involving various classes of antidepressants. To ensure timely identification and proper management of oedema, regular monitoring is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Education is crucial for pediatric patients and caregivers throughout the transplant continuum, yet data are lacking around which interventions are effective and in what circumstances. Methods: We undertook a scoping review with the objectives of (a) describing the types, effects, and outcomes of patient‐focused educational interventions before and after pediatric transplant and (b) understanding the educational experiences of patients and caregivers. Five scientific databases were explored for relevant literature using the JBI methodology. Educational interventions published in English, targeting pediatric solid organ transplant patients (0–25 years) and their caregivers were included. Relevant data from eligible articles (n = 27) were extracted and summarized. Results: Eighteen articles describing 17 educational interventions were identified for objective A, and nine articles qualitatively assessing patient or parental learning needs were identified for objective B. Most interventions were directed toward teenage patients and their caregivers post kidney transplant, primarily focusing on medication self‐management and adherence, or providing general information on transplant using multicomponent delivery formats. Most interventions achieved statistically significant improvements in knowledge (n = 8/9) and patients or caregivers expressed satisfaction with the intervention (n = 7/7) but health‐related outcomes such as medication adherence (n = 2/6) or behavior change (n = 1/3) rarely achieved statistically significant results. In objective B, patients and caregivers described the transplant process as overwhelming, but indicated that social supports and education helped them cope. Participants consistently wanted more information than they received. Conclusion: Caregivers and pediatric patients value transplant education, but high‐quality studies are limited. Since education is a fundamental part of the transplant process, future research in this area should be prioritized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of big data science, the research paradigm in the field of geosciences has also begun to shift to big data‐driven scientific discovery. Researchers need to read a huge amount of literature to locate, extract and aggregate relevant results and data that are published and stored in PDF format for building a scientific database to support the big data‐driven discovery. In this paper, based on the findings of a study about how geoscientists annotate literature and extract and aggregate data, we proposed GeoDeepShovel, a publicly available AI‐assisted data extraction system to support their needs. GeoDeepShovel leverages state‐of‐the‐art neural network models to support researcher(s) easily and accurately annotate papers (in the PDF format) and extract data from tables, figures, maps, etc., in a human–AI collaboration manner. As a part of the Deep‐Time Digital Earth (DDE) program, GeoDeepShovel has been deployed for 8 months, and there are already 400 users from 44 geoscience research teams within the DDE program using it to construct scientific databases on a daily basis, and more than 240 projects and 50,000 documents have been processed for building scientific databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study aims to explore the incidence and risk factors of cognitive dysfunction in hemodialysis patients. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for clinical studies on the association between hemodialysis and cognitive dysfunction from the database's inception to 1 December 2022. Two researchers independently completed data extraction and risk of bias assessments for the included studies. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA15.0 software. Results: Ten studies were included in this meta‐analysis, with a total of 5535 hemodialysis patients, that is, 2033 patients with cognitive dysfunction and 3502 patients with normal cognitive function. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale scores of the included studies were greater than 5. Meta‐analysis results suggested that the incidence of cognitive dysfunction in hemodialysis patients was (effect size = 51%, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.33, 0.69]), and hemodialysis patients with cognitive dysfunction were often older than those with normal cognition (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.49, 95% CI [0.31, 0.68]). Female gender was a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction in hemodialysis patients (relative risk [RR] = 1.21, 95% CI [1.04, 1.41]); diabetes (RR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.04, 1.71]) and stroke (RR = 1.66, 95% CI [1.08, 2.55]) increased the incidence of cognitive dysfunction in hemodialysis patients. Conclusions: The most important risk factors for cognitive dysfunction associated with hemodialysis might be female gender, old age, diabetes, and stroke. Close attention should be paid to such patients for early prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In cosmetic dermatology, lasers and lights treat a variety of hair and skin conditions, including some that disproportionately affect people of color. Aims: Our systematic review aims to understand the representation of participants with skin phototypes 4–6 in cosmetic dermatologic trials studying laser and light devices. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using search terms "laser," "light," and multiple laser and light subtypes in the PubMed and Web of Science databases. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 1, 2010 and October 14, 2021 that studied laser or light devices for cosmetic dermatologic conditions were eligible for inclusion. Results: Our systematic review included 461 RCTs representing 14 763 participants. Of 345 studies that reported skin phototype, 81.7% (n = 282) included participants of skin phototypes 4–6, but only 27.5% (n = 95) included participants of skin phototypes 5 or 6. This trend of excluding darker skin phototypes persisted when results were stratified by condition, laser of study, study location, journal type, and funding source. Conclusions: Trials studying lasers and lights for the treatment of cosmetic dermatologic conditions need better representation of skin phototypes 5 and 6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess outcomes of transecting vs non‐transecting urethroplasty for bulbar urethral stricture in terms of stricture recurrence rate, sexual dysfunction, and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) related to lower urinary tract (LUT) function. Methods: Electronic literature searches were conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase databases. The studied population was limited to men with bulbar urethral stricture included in studies that compared outcomes after transecting and non‐transecting urethroplasty. The main outcome appraised was the stricture recurrence rate. Additionally, the incidence of sexual dysfunction appraised in three domains (erectile function, penile complications, and ejaculatory function) and PROMs related to LUT function after transecting vs non‐transecting urethroplasty were assessed. The pooled risk ratio (RR) respectively for stricture recurrence, erectile dysfunction and penile complications was calculated using a fixed‐effect model with inverse variance method. Results: In all, 694 studies were screened with 72 identified as relevant. Finally, 19 studies were suitable for analysis. The pooled difference between the transecting and non‐transecting groups relating to stricture recurrence was not significant. Overall, the RR was 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–1.36) and the 95% CI crossed the line of no effect (line RR = 1). Overall, the RR for erectile dysfunction was 0.73 (95% CI 0.49–1.08) and the 95% CI crossed the line of no effect (line RR = 1). Overall, the RR for penile complications was 0.47 (95% CI 0.28–0.76) and the 95% CI did not cross the line of no effect (line RR = 1). Hence, the risk of penile complications was significantly lower in the non‐transecting group. Conclusions: Our analysis of available evidence indicates that both transecting and non‐transecting urethroplasties, are equal in terms of the recurrence rate. On the other hand, non‐transecting techniques are better in terms of sexual function, causing less penile complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) has become increasingly utilized to resect colorectal polyps, given its efficacy and safety. This study aims to compare CSP and hot snare polypectomy (HSP) for resecting small (< 10 mm) and large (10–20 mm) colorectal lesions. Methods: Relevant publications were obtained from Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The publication search was limited by English‐language and human studies. Pooled mean difference and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for outcomes of interest. Results: Twenty‐three studies were included in this meta‐analysis. Pooled OR of delayed post‐polypectomy bleeding (DPPB) in the CSP group versus the HSP group was 0.29 (P = 0.0001, I2 = 29%). Subgroup analysis according to lesion size showed a significant reduction in the DPPB rate in lesion sizes 10–20 mm (pooled OR 0.08, P = 0.003, I2 = 0%) and < 10 mm (pooled OR 0.35, P = 0.001, I2 = 27%). Pooled OR of major bleeding in the CSP group was 0.23 (P = 0.0004, I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis by lesion size revealed a significant decrease in the rate of major bleeding in the CSP group for both lesion sizes 10–20 mm (pooled OR 0.11, P = 0.04) and < 10 mm (pooled OR 0.26, P = 0.003). Complete resection, en bloc resection, and recurrence rate were comparable in the two groups. Conclusions: Cold snare polypectomy was associated with a lower rate of DPPB and lower risk of major bleeding compared with HSP in both small and large polyps. CSP should be considered as the polypectomy technique of choice for colorectal polyps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: As a chronic inflammatory disease, endometriosis (EMS) is often associated with pain affecting different aspects of women's lives. Up to now, a wide variety of interventions have been implemented to alleviate pain in patients with this condition, including pharmacological, surgical, and rarely non‐pharmacological ones. Against this background, this review aimed to investigate pain‐focused psychological interventions among EMS women. Methods: A systematic review of the articles published in this field was conducted through a comprehensive search on the databases of Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and Scientific Information Database (SID). The quality of studies was then assessed by the Jadad Scale. Results: In total, 10 articles were entered into this systematic review. The findings further revealed that the pain‐focused psychological interventions in patients with EMS were cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) (n = 2), mindfulness therapy (n = 4), yoga (n = 2), psychoeducation (n = 1), and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) training (n = 1). Besides, the findings established that all the given interventions had improved and reduced pain in women living with this condition. Moreover, five articles were of good quality based on the Jadad Scale. Conclusion: The study results demonstrated that all the listed psychological interventions had affected pain relief and improvement in women suffering from EMS. Considering the limited number of studies in this field and the fact that there were only five articles endowed with good quality, more high‐quality studies could provide stronger evidence to support the implementation of the mentioned interventions influencing pain in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Haemophilia B is a debilitating hereditary coagulation disorder characterized by prolonged or spontaneous episodes of bleeding caused by a deficiency of endogenous factor IX. In Algeria, even though many studies are being carried out to evaluate the prevalence and management of haemophilia B, there is a paucity of locally published literature that can be used to understand the most recent information on the disease's epidemiology, diagnostic techniques and treatment options. Aims: The aim of this manuscript is to raise awareness among patients and family clinicians about current practices, recent developments and unmet needs related to haemophilia B in Algeria. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted through online scientific databases to review publications regarding haemophilia B in Algeria. Exclusions of the review include case studies, interregional comparisons, abstract‐only papers and studies outside the range of 2012–2022. Results: The findings discussed relate to the epidemiology of haemophilia B in Algeria, the clinical diagnostic process, disease symptoms, the benefits of molecular and genetic testing, advancements in prophylactic care, as well as unmet needs hindering the progression of optimal haemophilia B management. Conclusion: These findings are crucial to encourage the maintenance of national registries with updated epidemiological data, facilitate early and timely detection of disease symptoms, improve the provision of diagnostic facilities and enhance the overall treatment landscape for better patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]