4,731 results
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2. Direct current assisted bio-hydrogen production from acid hydrolyzed waste paper.
- Author
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Onaran, Gülizar and Argun, Hidayet
- Subjects
- *
WASTE paper , *DIRECT currents , *CHARGE exchange , *HYDROGEN production , *FATTY acids , *ELECTRICITY - Abstract
One of the most important problems in dark fermentative hydrogen production is the need for the regulation of the ambient pH due to the formation of volatile fatty acids. For this purpose, alkaline chemicals are usually used; however, alkaline addition to the media increases salt formation, which negatively affects microbial activity. In this study, pH adjustment was performed by providing direct current as an alternative to alkali addition. Experiments were carried out batchwise and electricity was only applied to neutralize the acidic pH value. The waste paper hydrolysate was used as a substrate and the effects of applied voltage (0.25–3 V), substrate concentration (4.8–41.2 g/L at 1 V) and electrode distance (0.3–1.3 cm at 1 V) on hydrogen production performance was investigated. Voltages less than 1 V required too much time to keep the pH convenient and voltages more than 1.5 V adversely affected hydrogen production performance. Providing direct current to the fermentation media significantly reduced the adaptation phase. Conditions for optimal pH adjustment and hydrogen production were obtained at 1 V, 20 g glucose/L and 0.5 cm electrode distance. • Most convenient H 2 production was obtained at 1 V, 20 g glucose/L and 0.5 cm electrode distance. • H 2 was efficiently produced up to 29.1 g glucose/L with DC assistance. • Proper electrode distance enables sufficient electron transfer for pH regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Feasibility analysis of different cogeneration systems for a paper mill to improve its energy efficiency.
- Author
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Shabbir, Imran and Mirzaeian, Mojtaba
- Subjects
- *
GAS turbines , *COGENERATORS , *PAPER mills , *ENERGY consumption , *ELECTRICITY , *BIOPHYSICAL economics , *FEASIBILITY studies - Abstract
Cogeneration is considered as one of the promising energy efficient techniques for producing electricity and useful thermal energy from a single fuel source. This paper describes a feasibility study of the implementation of different cogeneration options to a paper mill to evaluate their energy saving potentials and economic benefits. The investigated systems in this paper are gas turbine, steam turbine and combined cycle cogeneration options evaluated and compared based on energy utilisation factor and Annualised Life Cycle Cost (ALCC) analysis. The results of energy analysis show that all Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems satisfy the thermal energy needs of the mill while the combined cycle cogeneration option generates the highest amount of electric energy equal to 10.91 MW. The gas turbine cogeneration system is shown as the most advantageous system from overall energy point of view with the highest energy utilisation factor of 78% meeting the heat and electric requirements of the mill and exporting 21,329 MWh of additional electricity to the grid. Economic feasibility results also show that an overall saving of 5.12 million US$ can be achieved by implementing the gas turbine cogeneration system to the mill making it as the best cogeneration option with the least overall ALCC of 1.34 million US$ and the maximum percentage of CO 2 emission reduction (68%) when compared with the other options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Graphite-paper circuit elements: Resistor, capacitor, and π value estimation.
- Author
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Shekhawat, Vibhooti
- Subjects
- *
CIRCUIT elements , *ELECTRICAL conductors , *CAPACITORS , *LEAD , *ELECTRICITY - Abstract
Graphite, an allotrope of carbon, is also a moderately good conductor of electricity. The shading pencil lead consists of graphite mixed with clay and, therefore, can conduct electricity, allowing one to construct and demonstrate different properties and the underlying concepts of circuit elements. The grade displayed on the pencil relates to the graphite-to-clay ratio, with higher B grades indicating a higher graphite-to-clay ratio. In this paper, the main objective is to show the dependence of resistance and capacitors on different physical parameters and to calculate the value of π electrically. The materials used in this activity are readily available, affordable, and suitable for demonstration purposes. The materials used to perform these activities are shading pencils of different grades, A-4 size papers, crocodile clips, and an LCR meter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Ultrafast Metal‐Free Microsupercapacitor Arrays Directly Store Instantaneous High‐Voltage Electricity from Mechanical Energy Harvesters.
- Author
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Chen, Shiqian, Li, Zheng, Huang, Po‐Han, Ruiz, Virginia, Su, Yingchun, Fu, Yujie, Alesanco, Yolanda, Malm, B. Gunnar, Niklaus, Frank, and Li, Jiantong
- Subjects
- *
HARVESTING machinery , *CLEAN energy , *ELECTRICITY , *ENERGY storage , *CONDUCTING polymers , *MECHANICAL energy , *ENERGY harvesting - Abstract
Harvesting renewable mechanical energy is envisioned as a promising and sustainable way for power generation. Many recent mechanical energy harvesters are able to produce instantaneous (pulsed) electricity with a high peak voltage of over 100 V. However, directly storing such irregular high‐voltage pulse electricity remains a great challenge. The use of extra power management components can boost storage efficiency but increase system complexity. Here utilizing the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS, high‐rate metal‐free micro‐supercapacitor (MSC) arrays are successfully fabricated for direct high‐efficiency storage of high‐voltage pulse electricity. Within an area of 2.4 × 3.4 cm2 on various paper substrates, large‐scale MSC arrays (comprising up to 100 cells) can be printed to deliver a working voltage window of 160 V at an ultrahigh scan rate up to 30 V s−1. The ultrahigh rate capability enables the MSC arrays to quickly capture and efficiently store the high‐voltage (≈150 V) pulse electricity produced by a droplet‐based electricity generator at a high efficiency of 62%, significantly higher than that (<2%) of the batteries or capacitors demonstrated in the literature. Moreover, the compact and metal‐free features make these MSC arrays excellent candidates for sustainable high‐performance energy storage in self‐charging power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Fuel choice for energy generation in the Swedish kraft pulp/paper industry.
- Author
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Lundmark, Robert
- Subjects
- *
PAPER industry , *PULP mills , *ENERGY consumption , *ENERGY industries , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
This article examines the economic possibilities for the Swedish pulp and paper industry in general and the kraft pulp industry in particular of increasing the share of internally generated energy by using readily available production residues such as black liquor. It is suggested that the industry's reliance on fossil fuels and purchased electricity has decreased over time, thereby reducing the impact of external energy prices on energy investments. The results suggest that the use of biomass will only increase to the point where the existing capacity to do so is met unless heavy investment subsidies are made available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A disposable power source in resource-limited environments: A paper-based biobattery generating electricity from wastewater.
- Author
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Fraiwan, Arwa, Kwan, Landen, and Choi, Seokheun
- Subjects
- *
BIOBATTERIES , *ELECTRICITY , *WASTE products as fuel , *MICROBIAL fuel cells , *CATHODES - Abstract
We report a novel paper-based biobattery which generates power from microorganism-containing liquid derived from renewable and sustainable wastewater which is readily accessible in the local environment. The device fuses the art of origami and the technology of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and has the potential to shift the paradigm for flexible and stackable paper-based batteries by enabling exceptional electrical characteristics and functionalities. 3D, modular, and retractable battery stack is created from (i) 2D paper sheets through high degrees of folding and (ii) multifunctional layers sandwiched for MFC device configuration. The stack is based on ninja star-shaped origami design formed by eight MFC modular blades, which is retractable from sharp shuriken (closed) to round frisbee (opened). The microorganism-containing wastewater is added into an inlet of the closed battery stack and it is transported into each MFC module through patterned fluidic pathways in the paper layers. During operation, the battery stack is transformed into the round frisbee to connect eight MFC modules in series for improving the power output and simultaneously expose all air-cathodes to the air for their cathodic reactions. The device generates desired values of electrical current and potential for powering an LED for more than 20 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The struggle for housing and basic services in South Africa: a case for service delivery protests.
- Author
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Chiwarawara, Kenny
- Abstract
This paper examines how struggles for housing and other basic services such as water and electricity are characterised in South Africa. There has been a shift in categorising local protests from the previously accepted “service delivery protests” to other phrases such as “local political protests” or “local protests” or “community protests.” Drawing from data gathered through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions in Gugulethu and Khayelitsha, two townships in Cape Town, South Africa, I argue that these new concepts conceal the service delivery-related challenges faced by poor communities throughout South Africa. The paper’s focus on housing stems from the fact that a house often functions as a site where several services come together. While protests are nuanced and have varying reasons, they have a large service delivery component. As such, the study of protest in South Africa will benefit from research that spotlights service delivery problems. This also helps to highlight the prevalence of such protests throughout the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Prediction analysis of carbon emission in China's electricity industry based on the dual carbon background.
- Author
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Ding, Ze-qun, Zhu, Hong-qing, Zhou, Wei-ye, and Bai, Zhi-gang
- Subjects
- *
CARBON emissions , *CARBON analysis , *ECONOMIES of scale , *ELECTRICITY , *INTRAMOLECULAR proton transfer reactions , *ELECTRIC power , *ENERGY consumption , *CARBON offsetting , *INPUT-output analysis - Abstract
The electric power sector is the primary contributor to carbon emissions in China. Considering the context of dual carbon goals, this paper examines carbon emissions within China's electricity sector. The research utilizes the LMDI approach for methodological rigor. The results show that the cumulative contribution of economies scale, power consumption factors and energy structure are 114.91%, 85.17% and 0.94%, which contribute to the increase of carbon emissions, the cumulative contribution of power generation efficiency and ratio of power dissipation to generation factor are -19.15% and -0.01%, which promotes the carbon reduction. The decomposition analysis highlights the significant influence of economic scale on carbon emissions in the electricity industry, among the seven factors investigated. Meanwhile, STIRPAT model, Logistic model and GM(1,1) model are used to predict carbon emissions, the average relative error between actual carbon emissions and the predicted values are 0.23%, 8.72% and 7.05%, which indicates that STIRPAT model is more suitable for medium- to long-term predictions. Based on these findings, the paper proposes practical suggestions to reduce carbon emissions and achieve the dual carbon goals of the power industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. The Role of Flexibility in the Integrated Operation of Low-Carbon Gas and Electricity Systems: A Review.
- Author
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Amiri, Mohammad Mehdi, Ameli, Mohammad Taghi, Strbac, Goran, Pudjianto, Danny, and Ameli, Hossein
- Subjects
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RENEWABLE energy sources , *ENERGY demand management , *ELECTRICITY , *GASES , *RESEARCH personnel - Abstract
The integration of gas and electricity networks has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the overall flexibility of energy systems. As the transition toward sustainable and decarbonized energy sources accelerates, the seamless coordination between electricity and gas infrastructure becomes increasingly crucial. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research and developments concerning the flexibility in the operation of low-carbon integrated gas and electricity networks (IGENs) as part of the whole system approach. Methods and solutions to provide and improve flexibility in the mentioned systems are studied and categorized. Flexibility is the system's ability to deal with changes and uncertainties in the network while maintaining an acceptable level of reliability. The presented review underscores the significance of this convergence in facilitating demand-side management, renewable energy integration, and overall system resilience. By highlighting the technical, economic, and regulatory aspects of such integration, this paper aims to guide researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders toward effective decision-making and the formulation of comprehensive strategies that align with the decarbonization of energy systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. P2P Energy Trading of EVs Using Blockchain Technology in Centralized and Decentralized Networks: A Review.
- Author
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Khan, Sara, Amin, Uzma, and Abu-Siada, Ahmed
- Subjects
- *
BLOCKCHAINS , *SUSTAINABILITY , *ELECTRIC automobiles , *TRANSPORTATION industry , *ELECTRIC vehicles , *ALGORITHMS , *ELECTRICITY - Abstract
Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading has attracted a lot of attention and the number of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased in the past couple of years. Toward sustainable mobility, EVs meet the standard development goals (SDGs) for attaining a sustainable future in the transport sector. This development and increasing number of EVs creates an opportunity for prosumers to trade electricity. Considering this opportunity, this review article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of P2P energy trading of EVs using blockchain in centralized and decentralized networks, which enables prosumers to exchange energy directly with one another. The paper is aimed to provide the reader with a state-of-the-art review on the P2P energy trading for EVs, considering different blockchain algorithms that are practically implemented or still in the research phase. Moreover, the paper presents blockchain applications, current trends, and future challenges of EVs' energy trading. P2P energy trading for EVs using blockchain algorithms can be successfully implemented considering real-time scenarios and economically benefits smart sustainable societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Construction and Application of the Double Game Model for Direct Purchase of Electricity by Large Consumers under Consideration of Risk Factors.
- Author
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Yu, Wanting, Zhang, Xin, Cui, Mingli, and Feng, Tiantian
- Subjects
- *
CONSUMERS , *ELECTRICITY , *OPTIONS (Finance) , *ELECTRICITY markets , *CARBON offsetting , *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation - Abstract
With the development of global clean energy and the implementation of carbon emission reduction policies, the direct purchase of electricity by large consumers has been increasingly promoted as a special form of electricity trading. Therefore, on the basis of the completion of low-carbon emission reduction targets in each country, how to rationalize the electricity purchase by large consumers in the electricity market so as to reduce their electricity purchase costs has become the main target of attention in each country. Currently, there are fewer studies in existing research on the direct electricity purchase strategy of large consumers under the consideration of the weight of consumption responsibility and risk. Based on this, this paper constructs a dual-game model for direct electricity purchase by large consumers based on the Stackelberg game and non-cooperative game theory. The concept of value at risk is further introduced, and the optimal strategy of direct electricity purchase by large consumers is proposed. The results of this study show that when market players make decisions on the purchase and sale of electricity, power suppliers will increase their biddings to obtain the highest returns, and large consumers can reduce the transaction costs by combining the medium- and long-term market with the spot market to purchase electricity. In the choice of electricity purchase market, with the increasing risk factor, large consumers shift from the risky spot market to the less risky medium- and long-term market and option market. This paper provides a reference for the issues of power suppliers' contract bidding and large consumers' electricity purchase strategy in the medium- and long-term contract transactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Maxwell's Early Unitary View of Electricity and Fluid Mechanics.
- Author
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Tripodi, Giulia and Ruta, Giuseppe
- Subjects
- *
FLUID mechanics , *ELECTRICITY , *ELECTRIC currents , *PARTIAL differential equations , *ELECTROMAGNETISM - Abstract
Definition: In young Maxwell's eyes, electricity, magnetism and fluid mechanics present analogies that let the first be mathematically grasped in a unitary way similarly to the latter. This entry sketches the first steps of James Clerk Maxwell's unitary view of electromagnetism and fluid mechanics, with long-lasting effects on understanding the physical world. In his very first paper on the subject, Maxwell interpreted Faraday's concept of lines of force of both electricity and magnetism as filaments of a flowing fluid. That is, Maxwell suggested to unify the previously distinct fields of electricity and magnetism, considering them as different aspects of the same entity, the 'electromagnetic field', which is mathematically described by four partial differential equations. In the literature there are several comprehensive works on Maxwell's mature exposition of his theory; however, the aim of this entry contribution is rather more limited. Indeed, it is restricted to examining the contributions of Maxwell's first paper towards developing the idea of electric current as the motion of an incompressible fluid. Thus, this entry highlights the strong connections of Maxwell's epistemological view with the 'mechanistic' approach of the time to every aspect of physical phenomenology. For this purpose, this entry mentions some historical context surrounding the emergence of Maxwell's innovative concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Perovskite/Silicon tandem solar cells-promising future of PV-A review.
- Author
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Butey, Bhavana and Shinde, Y. P.
- Subjects
- *
PHOTOVOLTAIC cells , *SOLAR cells , *PEROVSKITE , *SILICON , *ELECTRICITY , *PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems - Abstract
Single-junction solar cells have inherent efficiency constraints that can be circumvented with multi-junction/tandem cells. The most recent iteration of tandem photovoltaic cells is the integration of perovskite top cells and silicon bottom cells. The perovskite top layer is superior in its ability to absorb blue light, while the silicon base layer is superior in its ability to absorb red light. Compared to their single-junction silicon counterparts, the combination of these materials greatly improves the efficiency with which sunlight is captured and converted into electricity. Numerous high-efficiency results are emerging from both commercial and scholarly research on Perovskite/Silicon tandem photovoltaic cells as an outcome of the intense interest in these materials. This paper provides an analysis of the current status of Perovskite/Silicon tandem photovoltaic cells. In this work, we take a look at where things stand with regard to the current state of Perovskite/Si tandem photovoltaic cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Practical electricity generation from a paper based biofuel cell powered by glucose in ubiquitous liquids.
- Author
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Narváez Villarrubia, Claudia W., Lau, Carolin, Ciniciato, Gustavo P.M.K., Garcia, Sergio O., Sibbett, Scott S., Petsev, Dimiter N., Babanova, Sofia, Gupta, Gautam, and Atanassov, Plamen
- Subjects
- *
FUEL cell design & construction , *ELECTRICITY , *BIOMASS energy , *GLUCOSE , *FUEL cell electrodes - Abstract
Abstract: This paper introduces a novel enzymatic fuel cell design that employs cellulose paper-based quasi-2D microfluidic system to supply biofuel to the enzymatic layer. The state of the art nanoarchitectural design, employing carbon nanotube-based papers for the bioelectrodes, allows a single cell to maintain 400mV for 16days of continuous operation in glucose solution and reach 1mA of current output. Stacks of cells connected in series show successful performance using glucose in Gatorade® resulting in stack-cell potential of 1.8V, employed to power a digital clock for 36h, continuously. These designs open the possibility for obtaining enzymatic fuel cells that can run small portable devices on easily available ubiquitous liquids while addressing environmental concerns that are prevalent in traditional fuel cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Allocation of fuel costs and CO2-emissions to heat and power in an industrial CHP plant: Case integrated pulp and paper mill
- Author
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Holmberg, Henrik, Tuomaala, Mari, Haikonen, Turo, and Ahtila, Pekka
- Subjects
- *
CALORIC expenditure , *CARBON dioxide mitigation , *PAPER mills , *ELECTRICITY , *EXERGY , *ENERGY consumption - Abstract
Abstract: This paper studies allocation of fuel costs and CO2-emissions to heat and power in a CHP plant producing heat to an integrated pulp and paper mill and electricity to the liberalized electricity markets (or to the mill by the market price). The CHP plant and the mill are considered to be two separate economical units and both the mill and the CHP plant perspectives are discussed. Fuel costs and CO2-emissions are allocated using the energy, exergy and market based methods. The CHP plant purchases black liquor and bark from the mill. It also purchases oil from the markets to cover the whole fuel demand of the plant. The results indicate that the marked based method can be recommended as a “neutral” cost allocation method, because with that, the energy producer is not collecting extra margins from selling steam. This means that heat pricing is cost based. The results also indicate that depending on the emission factor and efficiency of alternative energy production form, the marked based method or the exergy method allocate the lowest CO2-emissions to heat. Therefore, the use of market based method for allocating costs and CO2 emissions can be recommended in order to use one single approach in both. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Design and measurements of the diamagnetic loop in Aditya-U tokamak.
- Author
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Aich, S., Macwan, T. M., Galodiya, K., Singh, K., Dolui, S., Ghosh, J., Tanna, R. L., Kumar, Abhijeet, Mandliya, H., Praveenlal, E. V., Hegde, B., Kumar, R., Kumar, A., Raj, H., Kumawat, A., Jadeja, K. A., and Patel, K.
- Subjects
- *
PLASMA flow , *TOKAMAKS , *MAGNETIC fields , *ELECTRICITY - Abstract
A diamagnetic diagnostic system is designed, prepared and installed at Aditya Upgrade Tokamak. Also, the raw data is acquired in a specified acquisition system with suitable front-end electronics. The entire system consists of separate loops and is first calibrated in the presence of all coils, which conduct electricity during the plasma discharge. Then, the change in the toroidal magnetic field due to the plasma is measured using the diamagnetic system, and hence, several plasma parameters including poloidal beta, stored energy, etc. are estimated. The measurements were then repeated during various tests of the tokamak plasma, and several interesting facts were observed. The present paper covers the entire concept of designing magnetic diagnostics – from basic considerations to final data interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Exergy, economic and environmental analyses of the renewable energy assisted hydrogen, cooling and electricity production: A case study.
- Author
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Karabuga, Arif, Utlu, Zafer, Yakut, Melik Ziya, and Ayarturk, Hasan
- Subjects
- *
RENEWABLE energy sources , *EXERGY , *GREEN fuels , *HYDROGEN production , *ELECTRICITY , *HYDROGEN as fuel - Abstract
The presented paper focuses on renewable energy-assisted electricity, hydrogen, and cold energy production. Solar energy is used as the energy source in the study. The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is used for electricity generation, a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEMe) for hydrogen production, and an ejector refrigeration system for cold energy production. The study is based on the exergy concept and examines thermo-economic and thermo-environmental analyses. The exergy efficiency of each equipment in the system is calculated from a holistic perspective. Considering the energy consumption values of the equipment in the whole system, the cost required for hydrogen production is calculated as 1.086 $/kg. Additionally, the exergy efficiency of the whole system is found to be 2.082 %. • Thermodynamic analysis of the solar-based hydrogen production system. • The exergy efficiency of the whole system is found as 2.082 %. • The cost of green hydrogen production is found as 1086 $/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Control of Grid-Connected and Standalone Microhydraulic Turbine Using a Six-Phase Induction Generator.
- Author
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Ouédraogo, Marius, Yazidi, Amine, and Betin, Franck
- Subjects
- *
ENERGY storage , *WIND turbines , *PRODUCTION management (Manufacturing) , *TURBINES , *ELECTRICITY - Abstract
Microhydraulic turbines offer a promising solution for decentralized energy production, suitable for both grid-connected and standalone applications, due to their compactness and high efficiency. This paper introduces a control approach for such systems employing microhydraulic turbines as distributed generators (DGs), utilizing six-phase induction generators for electricity production. This study emphasizes control strategies for both grid-connected and standalone modes utilizing proportional-integral (PI) controllers. An integrated energy storage system based on Li-Ion battery technology is also implemented to store the excess energy and compensate for production deficits to meet demand. The results obtained using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate efficient and reliable power management among production sources, the grid and the local load, highlighting the unique contribution of employing a six-phase induction generator with the energy storage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Influence of electron and oxygen anion emitters in the cht technological process on chrome diffusion.
- Author
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Shaburova, N. A.
- Subjects
- *
FARADAY effect , *ELECTRIC fields , *SEMICONDUCTOR materials , *DESIGN techniques , *ELECTRICITY - Abstract
This paper presents experimental results of a study of the occurrence of electricity emission in the process of chemical-and-thermal treatment (CTT) and their theoretical justification. Oxide materials with semiconductor properties, along with metals, can form electric fields in technological mixtures that are used in processes related to the transfer of saturating elements to the hardened surface of a part made of steel X35CrNi2-3. The contribution of these fields to the transfer of saturating elements is comparable with that of a concentration field. A design and manufacturing technique for a measuring cell is proposed to determine the magnitude of the emission current arising in the process mixture. An equation is obtained that describes the general process of solid-phase saturation of parts with the participation of concentration and electric fields during CTT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Enhanced heat transfer in printed circuit heat exchangers with molten salt and S-CO2.
- Author
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Gu, Xin, Sun, Hao, Liu, Xin, Zhu, Yiwen, and Wang, Yongqing
- Subjects
- *
HEAT transfer , *PRINTED circuits , *FUSED salts , *HEAT exchangers , *PRESSURE drop (Fluid dynamics) , *SOLAR energy , *ELECTRICITY - Abstract
The performance of the heat exchanger has a huge impact on the cycle efficiency and levelised cost of electricity in solar thermal power generation. This paper proposes a novel scaled structure for the cold-side channel of the printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) that combines good heat transfer performance with lower pressure drop. A numerical simulation is employed to investigate and compare the performance of PCHEs with scaled, zigzag, and straight channels. When using the comprehensive performance evaluation criteria (PEC) as evaluation indicator, the scaled channel demonstrate the best overall performance, with an increase in comprehensive performance by 6 % and 12 % compared to zigzag and straight channels, respectively. The above conclusions indicate that the adoption of scaled channel structures could enhance the heat transfer performance of PCHE, providing valuable insights for the development and improvement of novel PCHE and other heat exchanger's heat transfer efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Incremental segmented slope residential load pattern clustering based on three-stage curve profiles.
- Author
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Hou, Jue, Pan, Tingzhe, Cai, Xinlei, Jin, Xin, Meng, Zijie, and Luo, Hongxuan
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRICITY , *COMPUTATIONAL complexity , *EUCLIDEAN distance , *COMPUTER simulation , *K-means clustering - Abstract
This paper tackles high computational complexity in using Euclidean distance for residential load profiles (RLPs) similarity by proposing a three-stage incremental segmented slope clustering framework. The first two stages involve static clustering, where we obtain typical residential load profiles through piecewise slope clustering. In the third stage, dynamic clustering is performed based on the slope similarity of RLPs. This method enhances clustering performance and reduces computation cost, outperforming various benchmarks, with simulation results confirming the framework's effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Long-Term Forecasting: A MAED Application for Sierra Leone's Electricity Demand (2023–2050).
- Author
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Fields, Neve, Collier, William, Kiley, Fynn, Caulker, David, Blyth, William, Howells, Mark, and Brown, Ed
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC power consumption , *DEMAND forecasting , *ENERGY consumption , *FORECASTING , *MECHANIZATION , *DATA modeling - Abstract
Sierra Leone is an electricity-poor country with one of the lowest electricity consumption per capita rates across sub-Saharan Africa. Yet, with ambitious targets to transform and stimulate its economy in the coming decades, energy demand forecasting becomes an integral component of successful energy planning. Through applying the MAED-D (version 2.0.0) demand software, this research study aims to generate Sierra Leone's electricity demand forecasts from 2023 to 2050. Three novel scenarios (baseline-, high-, and low-demand) are developed based on socio-economic and technical parameters. The baseline scenario considers the current electricity sector as business-as-usual; the high-demand scenario examines an ambitious development future with increased economic diversification and mechanisation, and the low-demand scenario examines more reserved future development. The modelled scenario results project an increase in electricity demand ranging from 7.32 PJ and 12.23 PJ to 5.53 PJ for the baseline-, high-, and low-demand scenarios, respectively, by 2050. This paper provides a base set of best-available data needed to produce an electricity demand model for Sierra Leone which can be used as a capacity-building tool for in-country energy planning alongside further integration into data modelling pipelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Artificial Neural Networks Modeling of the Electricity Demands in the Jordanian Industrial Sector.
- Author
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Alkhatatbeh, Ayman, Gharaibeh, Mohammad A., Al-Jarrah, Rami, and Jawarneh, Ali M.
- Subjects
- *
ENERGY consumption , *ARTIFICIAL neural networks , *ELECTRIC power consumption , *TIME series analysis , *STANDARD deviations , *INDUSTRIAL energy consumption - Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, it has been noted that the rate of energy consumption has increased globally due to the technological progress that has taken place. The industrial sector occupies one of the first sectors in the consumption of electrical energy. Therefore, this paper aims to use the method of artificial neural networks (ANN) to model, analyze, and forecast electricity consumption in Jordan's industrial sector. In the present analysis, several factors affecting energy consumption in this sector are studied and verified, namely: the number of the industrial establishments (ES), the number of employees (EM), the electricity price (E$), the price of fuel (F$), gross output (G), structural effect (GI/GN) and the capacity utilization (CU). Several networks are executed and tested in terms of the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination (R2). The results of this study implicated that the electricity consumption levels in the Jordanian industrial segment are highly driven by the number of industrial establishments and employees followed by the gross output, among others. Additionally, the present ANN-predicted electricity consumption results are compared with literature and showed superior accuracy. Finally, this ANN model is combined with the time series analysis approach to forecast the electricity needs of the Jordanian industrial sector for the next decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Prediction and scheduling of multi-energy microgrid based on BiGRU self-attention mechanism and LQPSO.
- Author
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Yuchen Duan, Peng Li, and Jing Xia
- Subjects
- *
MICROGRIDS , *SOLAR energy , *PARTICLE swarm optimization , *ELECTRICITY , *NONLINEAR analysis - Abstract
To predict renewable energy sources such as solar power in microgrids more accurately, a hybrid power prediction method is presented in this paper. First, the self-attention mechanism is introduced based on a bidirectional gated recurrent neural network (BiGRU) to explore the time-series characteristics of solar power output and consider the influence of different time nodes on the prediction results. Subsequently, an improved quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm is proposed to optimize the hyperparameters of the combined prediction model. The final proposed LQPSO-BiGRU-self-attention hybrid model can predict solar power more effectively. In addition, considering the coordinated utilization of various energy sources such as electricity, hydrogen, and renewable energy, a multi-objective optimization model that considers both economic and environmental costs was constructed. A two-stage adaptive multiobjective quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm aided by a Lévy flight, named MO-LQPSO, was proposed for the comprehensive optimal scheduling of a multi-energy microgrid system. This algorithm effectively balances the global and local search capabilities and enhances the solution of complex nonlinear problems. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme are verified through comparative simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Optimizing wind farm layout for enhanced electricity extraction using a new hybrid PSO-ANN method.
- Author
-
El Jaadi, Mariam, Haidi, Touria, Belfqih, Abdelaziz, Farah, Mounia, and Dialmy, Atar
- Subjects
- *
WIND power plants , *ELECTRICITY , *PARTICLE swarm optimization , *ARTIFICIAL neural networks , *RENEWABLE energy sources - Abstract
With the growing need for renewable energy, wind farms are playing an important role in generating clean power from wind resources. The best wind turbine architecture in a wind farm has a major influence on the energy extraction efficiency. This paper describes a unique strategy for optimizing wind turbine locations on a wind farm that combines the capabilities of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The PSO method was used to explore the solution space and develop preliminary turbine layouts, and the ANN model was used to finetune the placements based on the predicted energy generation. The proposed hybrid technique seeks to increase energy output while considering site-specific wind patterns and topographical limits. The efficacy and superiority of the hybrid PSO-ANN methodology are proved through comprehensive simulations and comparisons with existing approaches, giving exciting prospects for developing more efficient and sustainable wind farms. The integration of ANNs and PSO in our methodology is of paramount importance because it leverages the complementary strengths of both techniques. Furthermore, this novel methodology harnesses historical data through ANNs to identify optimal turbine positions that align with the wind speed and direction and enhance energy extraction efficiency. A notable increase in power generation is observed across various scenarios. The percentage increase in the power generation ranged from approximately 7.7% to 11.1%. Owing to its versatility and adaptability to site-specific conditions, the hybrid model offers promising prospects for advancing the field of wind farm layout optimization and contributing to a greener and more sustainable energy future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Wood Gasification: A Promising Strategy to Extend Fuel Reserves after Global Catastrophic Electricity Loss.
- Author
-
Nelson, David, Turchin, Alexey, and Denkenberger, David
- Subjects
- *
BIOMASS gasification , *FOOD supply , *ELECTRICITY , *AGRICULTURAL equipment , *NUCLEAR warfare - Abstract
It is crucial to increase the resilience of the global food production and distribution systems against the growing concerns relating to factors that could cause global catastrophic infrastructure losses, such as nuclear war or a worldwide pandemic. Currently, such an event would result in the global loss of industry, including the ability to drill and refine crude oil. In such an event, the existing above-ground reserves of diesel and gasoline are likely to still be intact but would only be able to power the production and transportation of food between 158 days and 481 days with 80% confidence, where the mean is 195 days at current rates. This paper investigates a novel group of interventions in relation to the scenario of providing food under these conditions. It was found that by using a plausible combination of wood gasification, increasing vehicle utilisation rate, and reducing food consumption, the stockpile duration could increase to between 382 days and 1501 days with 80% confidence, where the mean is 757 days. This is an improvement in mean duration by a factor of 3.9. It was discovered that diesel is the limiting fuel in all scenarios due to wood gas only being a partial replacement for diesel fuel and also because of the prevalence of diesel engines in both the agricultural and trucking industries. A sensitivity analysis was completed identifying that reducing food consumption to minimum levels was the most effective method to prolong diesel reserves. The other factors that benefited from extending fuel reserves in terms of their effectiveness are reducing the lag time before gasification devices are installed, increasing the rate at which gasification devices are installed, and increasing the agricultural equipment utilisation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Understanding institutional layers and modes of change for energy transitions: Analysis of Norway's electricity sector reforms.
- Author
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Ekanem, Minika, Noble, Bram F., Poelzer, Greg, and Hernes, Hans‐Kristian
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRICITY , *REFORMS , *ENERGY industries - Abstract
Institutions have significant implications for whether and how energy systems restructure, evolve, and successfully transition. Yet, literature analyzing energy sector reforms often approach transitions from economic or technical perspectives, with much less attention to the underlying roles and influences of institutions. This paper explores the roles and influence of institutions on the speed, direction, timing, and sequence of energy transitions. A conceptual framework integrating the hierarchy of institutions with an historical institutionalist approach is developed and applied to explore transitions in Norway's electricity sector as a case study. Results show that conversion followed by layering emerge as the dominant modes of institutional change in Norway's electricity sector reform, illustrating the importance of alignment between institutions in creating the conditions for large‐scale energy transitions and the importance of boundaries to maintain alignment between levels of institutions. Governments can minimize potential gaps between transition intentions and outcomes through effective conversion and layering of institutional arrangements, but layering challenges emerge when institutional change introduces new actors or energy arenas to existing policy paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Optimized Decision-Making for Multi-Market Green Power Transactions of Electricity Retailers under Demand-Side Response: The Chinese Market Case Study.
- Author
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Wang, Hui and Xu, Yao
- Subjects
- *
ENERGY demand management , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy , *SUSTAINABLE consumption , *INCENTIVE (Psychology) , *CLEAN energy , *ELECTRIC power consumption , *RENEWABLE energy sources , *ELECTRICITY - Abstract
With the energy structure transition and the development of the green power market, the role of electricity retailers in multi-market green power trading has become more and more important. Particularly in China, where aggressive green energy policies and rapid market transformations provide a distinct context for such studies, the challenges are pronounced. Under demand-side response, electricity retailers face the uncertainty of users' electricity consumption and incentives, which complicates decision-making processes. The purpose of this paper is to explore the optimization decision-making problem of multi-market green power trading for electricity retailers under demand-side response, with a special focus on the Chinese market due to its leadership in implementing substantial green energy initiatives and its potential to set precedents for global practices. We first construct a two-party benefit optimization model, which comprehensively considers the profit objectives for electricity retailers and utility maximization for users. Then, the model is solved by the Lagrange multiplier method and distributed subgradient algorithm to obtain the optimal solution. Finally, the effectiveness of the incentive optimization strategy under the multi-market to promote green power consumption and improve the profit of electricity retailers is verified by arithmetic simulation. The results of this study show that the incentive optimization strategy under multi-market, particularly within the Chinese context, is expected to provide a reference for electricity retailers to develop more flexible and effective trading strategies in the green power market and to contribute to the process of promoting green power consumption globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. An Efficient Method for Detecting Abnormal Electricity Behavior.
- Author
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Tang, Chao, Qin, Yunchuan, Liu, Yumeng, Pi, Huilong, and Tang, Zhuo
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC power consumption , *POWER supply quality , *ENERGY industries , *CONSUMPTION (Economics) , *ELECTRICITY , *FEATURE extraction - Abstract
The non-technical losses caused by abnormal power consumption behavior of power users seriously affect the revenue of power companies and the quality of power supply. To assist electric power companies in improving the efficiency of power consumption audit and regulating the power consumption behavior of users, this paper proposes a power consumption anomaly detection method named High-LowDAAE (Autoencoder model for dual adversarial training of high low-level temporal features). High-LowDAAE adds an extra "discriminator" named AE3 to USAD (UnSupervised Anomaly Detection on Multivariate Time Series), which performs the same function as AE2 in USAD. AE3 performs the same function as AE2 in USAD, i.e., it is trained against AE1 to enhance its ability to reconstruct average data. However, AE3 differs from AE2 because the two "discriminators" correspond to the high-level and low-level time series features output from the shared encoder network. By utilizing different levels of temporal features to reconstruct the data and conducting adversarial training, AE1 can reconstruct the time-series data more efficiently, thus improving the accuracy of detecting abnormal electricity usage. In addition, to enhance the model's feature extraction ability for time-series data, the self-encoder is constructed with a long short-term memory (LSTM) network, and the fully connected layer in the USAD model is no longer used. This modification improves the extraction of temporal features and provides richer hidden features for the adversarial training of the dual "discriminators". Finally, the ablation and comparison experiments are conducted using accurate electricity consumption data from users, and the results show that the proposed method has higher accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Análisis de alternativas de integración de un ingenio de producción de azúcar crudo con una fábrica de papel. Segunda Parte.
- Author
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Puerta Fernández, Juan Francisco, Castellanos Álvarez, Juan A., and González Pérez, Félix
- Subjects
- *
SUGAR factories , *FACTORIES , *PAPER , *ELECTRICITY , *BIOMASS , *SUGARCANE - Abstract
In this paper it has been presented the results about the study with high pressure steam schemes for the energy integration of a sugar mill with a pulp paper factory. The hypothesis for the integration is that it is possible to produce heat and electricity for both factories with the biomass of the sugar cane. This study includes the diversification of the production whit an ethanol factory for the pulp. The by bibliography, energy, material and cost balances are the main subjects for the best alternative of integration with high pressure schemes. The scheme with 61 ata and 440 °C was the best technically but not in the economic sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
32. Optimal Trading Volume of Electricity and Capacity of Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicle Charging Station Integrated with Photovoltaic Generator.
- Author
-
Jeong, Yong Woo, Lee, Kyung-Chang, Kim, Chunghun, and Choi, Woo Young
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC vehicle charging stations , *ENERGY storage , *ELECTRIC vehicles , *ELECTRICITY , *INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) , *SOLAR energy , *HYBRID electric vehicles - Abstract
As penetration of EVs in the transportation sector is increasing, the demand for the mandatory installation of charging infrastructure also is increasing. In addition, renewable energy and energy storage systems (ESSs) are being reviewed for use in electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs). In this paper, we present an optimal electricity trading volume and an optimal installation capacity of ESSs to maximize the daily profit of the EVCSs equipped with solar power generation when the EVCSs are licensed to sell energy to the power supplier during a specific time period. By formulating and solving the optimization problem of the EVCSs, this paper analyzes validation results for the different useful lives of ESSs, the peak power of a PV generator, and weather conditions at the Yangjae Solar Station and the Suseo Station public parking lot, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Furthermore, this paper validates that the daily expected profit of EVCSs with the proposed method outperforms the profit of conventional EVCSs which do not utilize ESSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Online physics laboratory course: United Kingdom Professional Standards Framework perspective from Walailak University, Thailand.
- Author
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Dam-O, Punsiri, Sirisathitkul, Yaowarat, Eadkhong, Thammarong, Srivaro, Suthon, Sirisathitkul, Chitnarong, and Danworaphong, Sorasak
- Subjects
- *
PHYSICS laboratories , *COVID-19 pandemic , *ELECTRICITY , *TECHNOLOGY , *FLUID mechanics - Abstract
This paper describes a case study of an online physics laboratory course implemented for 254 engineering students at Walailak University in Thailand in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The laboratory sequence was designed based on the United Kingdom Professional Standards Framework and covered eight experiments on fundamental concepts of motion, electricity, waves, and fluid mechanics. The experiments were conducted at students' homes using physics education technology simulations, Tracker for video analysis, smartphones, and home-based apparatuses. During the experiments, students shared their progress with classmates and lecturers through screen sharing, which facilitated exchanges of ideas and difficulties. The paper discusses the successful implementation of the online laboratory course and the challenges encountered, such as student engagement, resource limitations, and practical skill development. The insights gained from this case study may be useful for online laboratory education beyond the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. A Novel Electricity Theft Detection Strategy Based on Dual-Time Feature Fusion and Deep Learning Methods.
- Author
-
Huang, Qinyu, Tang, Zhenli, Weng, Xiaofeng, He, Min, Liu, Fang, Yang, Mingfa, and Jin, Tao
- Subjects
- *
DEEP learning , *CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks , *THEFT , *ELECTRICITY , *FEATURE extraction - Abstract
To enhance the accuracy of theft detection for electricity consumers, this paper introduces a novel strategy based on the fusion of the dual-time feature and deep learning methods. Initially, considering electricity-consumption features at dual temporal scales, the paper employs temporal convolutional networks (TCN) with a long short-term memory (LSTM) multi-level feature extraction module (LSTM-TCN) and deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) to parallelly extract features at these scales. Subsequently, the extracted features are coupled and input into a fully connected (FC) layer for classification, enabling the precise detection of theft users. To validate the method's effectiveness, real electricity-consumption data from the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) is used for testing. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a remarkable detection accuracy of up to 94.7% during testing, showcasing excellent performance across various evaluation metrics. Specifically, it attained values of 0.932, 0.964, 0.948, and 0.986 for precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC, respectively. Additionally, the paper conducts a comparative analysis with mainstream theft identification approaches. In the comparison of training processes, the proposed method exhibits significant advantages in terms of identification accuracy and fitting degree. Moreover, with adjustments to the training set proportions, the proposed method shows minimal impact, indicating robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Application of blockchain technology in autonomous electricity transaction and settlement at the end of distribution network.
- Author
-
Xing, Ziya and Liu, Boyu
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRICITY , *BLOCKCHAINS , *ELECTRICITY markets , *DISTRIBUTED power generation , *DECOMPOSITION method , *ELECTRICITY pricing , *MULTICASTING (Computer networks) - Abstract
With the deepening of the concept of low-carbon environmental protection, the use of renewable energy in social production has become more and more popular. More and more consumers in the distribution network have begun to change their identities to become consumers with the continuous reform of the electricity sales side. Electricity trading and settlement methods in the electricity market directly affect the relevant income of market entities, so a fair and reasonable settlement mechanism is an important factor for the normal operation of the electricity market. Electricity trading refers to the buying and selling of electricity commodities and services, including electricity trading, auxiliary service trading, and transmission rights trading. With the expansion of the electricity market, how to deal with the deviation of electricity is also a difficult problem that requires electricity settlement. This paper aimed to study the application of blockchain technology in the autonomous electricity transaction and settlement at the end of the distribution network. It was expected to use the blockchain technology to set up related transaction mechanisms, provide new solutions for electricity transaction and settlement, and improve the efficiency and fairness of electricity settlement. Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management agencies or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. Except for the self-contained blockchain itself, through distributed accounting and storage, each node realizes information self-verification, transmission and management. On the basis of sorting out the principles of electricity balance and electricity price formation, this paper proposed a contract decomposition method with a higher degree of fit, and revealed the settlement principle of deviation electricity in the electricity market environment. Aiming at the application scenario of blockchain in the energy Internet, an energy trading platform based on blockchain was designed, and the test results showed the feasibility of blockchain in electricity settlement scenarios. The experimental results of this paper showed that in the traditional electricity purchase fee settlement, the average transaction price is stable at 0.6 yuan/KWh. In the blockchain settlement process, the electricity purchase is 25 yuan when the electricity purchase is 50 KWh. Therefore, blockchain settlement is used more frequently in the market, and the profits are higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. A Lagrangian relaxation approach to an electricity system investment model with a high temporal resolution.
- Author
-
Granfeldt, Caroline, Strömberg, Ann-Brith, and Göransson, Lisa
- Subjects
- *
WIND power , *ELECTRICITY , *CARBON emissions , *SOLAR energy , *INDUSTRIAL capacity , *DECOMPOSITION method - Abstract
The global production of electricity contributes significantly to the release of carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, a transformation of the electricity system is of vital importance in order to restrict global warming. This paper proposes a modelling methodology for electricity systems with a large share of variable renewable electricity generation, such as wind and solar power. The model developed addresses the capacity expansion problem, i.e. identifying optimal long-term investments in the electricity system. Optimal investments are defined by minimum investment and production costs under electricity production constraints—having different spatial resolutions and technical detail—while meeting the electricity demand. Our model is able to capture a range of strategies to manage variations and to facilitate the integration of variable renewable electricity; it is very large due to the high temporal resolution required to capture the variations in wind and solar power production and the chronological time representation needed to model energy storage. Moreover, the model can be further extended—making it even larger—to capture a large geographical scope, accounting for the trade of electricity between regions with different conditions for wind and solar power. Models of this nature thus typically need to be solved using some decomposition method to reduce solution times. In this paper, we develop a decomposition method using so-called variable splitting and Lagrangian relaxation; the dual problem is solved by a deflected subgradient algorithm. Our decomposition regards the temporal resolution by defining 2-week periods throughout the year and relaxing the overlapping constraints. The method is tested and evaluated on some real-world cases containing regions with different energy mixes and conditions for wind power. Numerical results show shorter computation times as compared with the non-decomposed model and capacity investment options similar to the optimal solution provided by the latter model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Status of small hydropower development in India.
- Author
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Thakur, Rachit, Mishra, Sachin, and Sudabattula, Suresh Kumar
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC power , *GOVERNMENT policy , *ELECTRICITY - Abstract
Small hydropower is one of the most cost-effective and environmentally benign energy technologies for production of electrical power worldwide. In India, the available potential of small hydro is at about 15,000MW and small hydro can provide electricity to 120,000 unelectrified rural villages. Hence, this paper focuses the status of small hydro development in India and discusses the barriers/obstacles to the development of small hydro in India by taking government policy, economical aspects and environmental benefits of few countries into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Education, Training and Research at Khalifa University in Support of the United Arab Emirates Nuclear Power Program.
- Author
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Foulon, Francois, Addad, Yacine, Al Ameri, Saeed, Raj, Prasoon, Al Kaabi, Ahmed, and Al Fantazi, Akram
- Subjects
- *
NUCLEAR energy , *ELECTRICITY , *CIRCUIT elements , *NUCLEAR warfare , *OCCUPATIONAL training - Abstract
In 2009 United Arab Emirates (UAE) has engaged in an ambitious nuclear power program with the construction of four 1400 MWe pressurized water reactor units at the Barakah site. Fourteen years later, three units are in commercial operation, and the fourth one is in the final steps of commissioning. The four units will produce up to 5600 megawatts of electricity, supplying approximately 25% of the UAE's electricity requirements. To ensure in such a short period of time the building of the nuclear capabilities and support to the program, Khalifa University has been, since 2010, a key contributor to education and training activities as well as the development of R&D capabilities in the field of nuclear technology. This paper provides an overview of Khalifa University's activities implemented within the Nuclear Engineering Department, the Gulf Nuclear Energy Infrastructure Institute and the Emirates Nuclear Technology Center (ENTC). This joint Center, which embarks the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation and the Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation, is a hub that addresses the research requirements of the nuclear stakeholders for the delivery of safe and efficient nuclear energy as well as the deployment of advanced nuclear technologies in the UAE. The paper briefly describes the current research projects implemented at the ENTC and gives reference related recent publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Experimental and theoretical investigation on using microwaves for storing electricity in a thermal energy storage medium.
- Author
-
Rodríguez-García, Margarita M., Bayón, Rocío, Alonso, Elisa, and Rojas, Esther
- Subjects
- *
HEAT storage , *ELECTRICITY , *MICROWAVE heating , *PERMITTIVITY measurement , *MICROWAVES , *PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation , *ELECTRIC power consumption , *FUSED salts - Abstract
Power to heat to power storage units, also known as Carnot batteries, are nowadays some of the most outstanding solutions for ensuring the response to the electricity demand in an energetic scenario based on non-dispatchable renewable sources like wind or photovoltaic technologies. One of the main challenges of this concept is how to store the electricity as heat in the most efficient way. In this paper the use of microwaves for converting electricity into thermal energy stored in molten salt is proposed. This paper explores the possibility of using microwaves for heating three different materials commonly considered as storage media in CSP applications: NaNO3, KNO3 and the solar salt mixture. The study focuses on permittivity measurements since this parameter allows distinguishing whether a material can be heated by microwaves or not. Further studies comparing both microwave and Joule heating methods will be presented in a future work at a later stage. The preliminary results of the feasibility of this CIEMAT's proposal are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The key player or just a paper tiger? The effectiveness of ACER in the creation and functioning of the EU's internal energy market.
- Author
-
Klopčič, Alenka Lena, Rončevič, Borut, and Valič, Tamara Besednjak
- Subjects
- *
INTERNAL marketing , *MAPLE , *ENERGY function , *SOCIOLOGICAL research - Abstract
Our research, which aims to present the effectiveness of the European Union's internal energy market, shows the results of a recent survey conducted among representatives of national energy regulators and exchanges from eleven EU Member States. Due to the choice of the research method based on the SOFIA concept, the results constitute a new original contribution to the existing treasury of knowledge in the field of the European energy market. In the concrete case of sociological analysis, we checked how successful the Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) is in establishing and ensuring the functioning of the internal energy market in the EU. The survey examines the performance of ACER, which became operational in March 2011 and is intended to contribute to the establishment and functioning of the EU's internal energy market from the perspective of ACER, national energy regulators and energy exchanges in EU Member States. ACER's basic mission is to ensure the successful functioning of the energy market, which, as a result (of successful operation), will lead to the full integration of the internal market, and consumers will receive energy uninterruptedly from all parts of the Union. Our research also showed that ACER is crucial for the functioning of the internal market. Most representatives of national regulators and energy exchanges agree that the EU already has a functioning internal energy market and that ACER is crucial for the functioning of the internal energy market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Autostereoscopic 3D pictures on optically rewritable electronic paper.
- Author
-
Wang, Xiaoqian, Wang, Lu, Sun, Jiatong, Srivastava, Abhishek K., Chigrinov, Vladimir G., and Kwok, Hoi Sing
- Subjects
- *
THREE-dimensional imaging , *THREE-dimensional display systems , *LIQUID crystal devices , *ELECTRICITY , *GREEN technology - Abstract
In this article, we disclose a method to fabricate the three-dimensional (3D) image on an optically rewritable (ORW) electronic paper (e-paper) by deploying the lenticular lenses array on the top of the ORW e-paper. Unlike other autostereoscopic 3D liquid crystal displays, our autostereoscopic 3D ORW e-paper is actually a green technology, which is without electrode and voltage. No electricity is needed to maintain the 3D image on the ORW e-paper. We can easily change a 3D image by erasing and rewriting with photoalignment technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Development progress, performance enhancement routes, and applications of paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators.
- Author
-
Lin, Changmei, Yu, Jing, Hua, Zifeng, Lan, Jinxin, Huang, Hai, Lu, Dongdong, Cao, Shilin, and Ma, Xiaojuan
- Subjects
- *
MECHANICAL energy , *ENERGY harvesting , *TRIBOELECTRICITY , *ELECTRICITY - Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been investigated as a promising device to harvest mechanical energy into electricity. At present, paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators (P-TENGs) have been widely researched because paper features with lightweight, low cost, abundance, renewability and biodegradability. In this paper, the operating principles and operation modes of TENGs, the development progress and performance enhancement routes of P-TENGs are comprehensively reviewed. Additionally, the overview, challenges and opportunities of P-TENGs applications are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. CBSE Warm-up! Current Electricity.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRICITY , *WARMUP , *CONDUCTION electrons - Abstract
This document is a practice question paper for CBSE Exams on the topic of Current Electricity. It contains 33 questions divided into five sections, covering various topics related to current electricity such as current flow, resistance, circuit analysis, and drift velocity. The document also provides values of physical constants that can be used in the questions. The text does not adopt any judgments or biases and aims to provide factual information for library patrons conducting research on these topics. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
44. The Shockley-Queisser paper - A notable example of a scientific sleeping beauty.
- Author
-
Marx, Werner
- Subjects
- *
SOLAR energy conversion , *SUNSHINE , *ELECTRICITY , *PHYSICISTS - Abstract
The article discusses a paper by physicists William B. Shockley and Hans-Joachim Queisser that was published in the "Journal of Applied Physics" in 1961. The paper discussed a fundamental limit on the conversion of sunlight into electrical current. It mentions that the "Shockley-Queisser limit" describes the limited efficiency of solar cells based on absorption and reemission processes.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Systems analysis of integrating biomass gasification with pulp and paper production – Effects on economic performance, CO2 emissions and energy use
- Author
-
Wetterlund, Elisabeth, Pettersson, Karin, and Harvey, Simon
- Subjects
- *
BIOMASS gasification , *PULPING , *ECONOMIC impact , *BIOMASS energy , *CARBON dioxide & the environment , *FOSSIL fuels , *EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *ELECTRICITY , *SYSTEM analysis , *METHYL ether - Abstract
Abstract: This paper evaluates system aspects of biorefineries based on biomass gasification integrated with pulp and paper production. As a case the Billerud Karlsborg mill is used. Two biomass gasification concepts are considered: BIGDME (biomass integrated gasification dimethyl ether production) and BIGCC (biomass integrated gasification combined cycle). The systems analysis is made with respect to economic performance, global CO2 emissions and primary energy use. As reference cases, BIGDME and BIGCC integrated with district heating are considered. Biomass gasification is shown to be potentially profitable for the mill. The results are highly dependent on assumed energy market parameters, particularly policy support. With strong policies promoting biofuels or renewable electricity, the calculated opportunity to invest in a gasification-based biorefinery exceeds investment cost estimates from the literature. When integrated with district heating the BIGDME case performs better than the BIGCC case, which shows high sensitivity to heat price and annual operating time. The BIGCC cases show potential to contribute to decreased global CO2 emissions and energy use, which the BIGDME cases do not, mainly due to high biomass demand. As biomass is a limited resource, increased biomass use due to investments in gasification plants will lead to increased use of fossil fuels elsewhere in the system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Deep Anomaly Detection Framework Utilizing Federated Learning for Electricity Theft Zero-Day Cyberattacks.
- Author
-
Alshehri, Ali, Badr, Mahmoud M., Baza, Mohamed, and Alshahrani, Hani
- Subjects
- *
ANOMALY detection (Computer security) , *SMART power grids , *ELECTRIC utility costs , *FEDERATED learning , *ELECTRICITY , *THEFT , *SMART meters - Abstract
Smart power grids suffer from electricity theft cyber-attacks, where malicious consumers compromise their smart meters (SMs) to downscale the reported electricity consumption readings. This problem costs electric utility companies worldwide considerable financial burdens and threatens power grid stability. Therefore, several machine learning (ML)-based solutions have been proposed to detect electricity theft; however, they have limitations. First, most existing works employ supervised learning that requires the availability of labeled datasets of benign and malicious electricity usage samples. Unfortunately, this approach is not practical due to the scarcity of real malicious electricity usage samples. Moreover, training a supervised detector on specific cyberattack scenarios results in a robust detector against those attacks, but it might fail to detect new attack scenarios. Second, although a few works investigated anomaly detectors for electricity theft, none of the existing works addressed consumers' privacy. To address these limitations, in this paper, we propose a comprehensive federated learning (FL)-based deep anomaly detection framework tailored for practical, reliable, and privacy-preserving energy theft detection. In our proposed framework, consumers train local deep autoencoder-based detectors on their private electricity usage data and only share their trained detectors' parameters with an EUC aggregation server to iteratively build a global anomaly detector. Our extensive experimental results not only demonstrate the superior performance of our anomaly detector compared to the supervised detectors but also the capability of our proposed FL-based anomaly detector to accurately detect zero-day attacks of electricity theft while preserving consumers' privacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Power and light, profit and loss: the establishment and operation of the Damascus Electricity and Tramway Company, 1903-1914.
- Author
-
Eilat, Omri
- Subjects
- *
OTTOMAN Empire , *DAMASCENING , *ELECTRICITY , *INVESTORS , *CONCESSIONS (International law) - Abstract
This article addresses the shift of power that occurred in Ottoman Damascus as a result of the establishment of its electricity and tramway network that started operating in 1907. The company, which ought to have been public, in the ownership of Ottoman-Syrian investors, ended up being owned by a Belgian consortium. The central argument in the article is that the Damascene elite families rationally refrained from the risk of establishing the Electricity Company but paid the price of losing control over power and light in the city. An informal network of Ottoman officials and Belgian businessmen, led by the second secretary of Sultan Abdülhamid II, the Damascene İzzet Pasha, orchestrated the buyout. Therefore, Damascus's encounter with its first electric grid, which was naturally complex in the first place, was also subjected to the tensions of outsourcing a local-municipal power to an external network that the Central Ottoman Government imposed. This article is an outcome of research on the electrification of Damascus, based on the papers of the Ottoman Ministry of Public Works from the Ottoman Archive and the company's records from Belgium's National Archive, the Ottoman-Syrian press, and the British and American consulates' archives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Wave energy potential analysis in the Kenitra-Atlantic coastal area (Morocco): First results.
- Author
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Haddout, Soufiane, Hoguane, António Mubango, Filimão Sitoe, Alberto, and Priya, K. L.
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SALINE water conversion , *WAVE energy , *POTENTIAL energy , *REVERSE osmosis , *OCEAN wave power , *IRRIGATION water - Abstract
Waves generated by winds can transport a large amount of energy across the oceans with little loss. This paper explores the satellite-based data to assess the wave energy potential of Kenitra- Atlantic coastal area (Morocco), with an overall purpose of supporting the plans for developing and using wave energy, and provide guidance about the appropriate applications of wave energy of the Kenitra coastal area. Kenitra is important harbour and industrial city in Morocco. Various indexes, including the temporal distributions of wave parameters and wave energy fluxes, the occurrence of the effective significant wave height and wave energy flux, the variability and frequency of the wave status, were calculated from satellite measured weekly wave data, covering about 3 years (June 2019-November 2022) period. Results indicated that the area is characterized by moderate energy compared to South Africa, the most energetic site in the continent, with average wave significant wave of 1.6 ± 0.7, average wave period of 8.4 ± 2.4 s, average wave energy flux of 11.7 ± 14.0 kW m-1 and with the rate of variability of 28-45%. High energy above the threshold (> 10kW m-1) for viable electricity production, applying turbines directly powered by waves, occurs only during the northern hemisphere winter (December-March). Hence, for off shore Kenitra, the study recommends other applications for wave energy other than electricity production through wave powered turbines, such as, reverse osmosis membrane-based electricity production technology, desalination, irrigation and water pumping for marine culture, mini-hydro and recreational. Subsequently, future studies may focus on the socio-economic viability of these wave energy applications and on developing other low energy demanding applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Solar- and Wind-Energy Utilization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Comprehensive Review.
- Author
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Suliman, Fakher Eldin M.
- Subjects
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RENEWABLE energy sources , *ENERGY consumption , *ELECTRICITY , *GLOBAL warming , *FOSSIL fuels , *WIND power , *SOLAR energy - Abstract
Utilizing renewable energy (RE) sources can provide a realistic answer to the problem of many nations' energy needs. This paper reviews the current status of using RE to produce electricity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The primary aim of the review is to identify and analyze the solar- and wind-energy utilization, problems, and future trends in KSA while taking into account all relevant aspects, associated development hurdles, and suggested solutions. All involved parties will receive useful results and conclusions from a thorough examination and analysis of the pertinent literature that can assist them in understanding the potential of solar and wind energy, considering all the linked issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Overview: Using Hybrid Energy System for Electricity Production Based on the Optimization Methods.
- Author
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SAIB, Samia, BAYINDIR, Ramazan, and VADI, Seyfettin
- Subjects
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ENERGY storage , *ELECTRICITY , *ENERGY consumption , *RENEWABLE energy sources , *ENERGY management , *HYBRID power systems - Abstract
Renewable energy systems are mostly used in the world due to their inexhaustible and nonpolluting production. As a result of a large utilization of these energy sources in different areas, the electricity production rate is increasing every day. Previous studies clarified uses, modeling, configuration, energy management operation, and optimization objectives based on different energy sources. For this reason, this paper focuses on an overview of multi energy systems as renewable and conventional power sources with the integration of an energy storage system coupled to the on-off electrical network. Furthermore, a survey is done regarding global energy production, configuration energy systems, energy storage systems, power management strategies, and optimization methods based on different hybrid energy systems. Multiple optimization approaches have been implemented to reach the global best solution for the hybrid power systems. To ensure the best optimization result, it is preferable to take hybrid optimization methods into consideration. These methods have been invented recently and have proved their efficacy and performance mainly in power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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