5,759 results
Search Results
2. A Framework for Measuring Relevancy in Discovery Environments: Increasing Scalability and Reproducibility.
- Author
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Galbreath, Blake, Merrill, Alex, and Johnson, Corey M.
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WORLD Wide Web , *SERIAL publications , *ECOLOGY , *COMPUTER software , *SEASONS , *CITATION analysis , *NEWSPAPERS , *STUDENTS , *BIBLIOGRAPHICAL citations , *BOOKS , *BIBLIOGRAPHY , *MEDICAL research , *AUTOMATION , *DATA analysis software ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Institutional discovery environments now serve as central resource databases for researchers in the academic environment. Over the last several decades, there have been numerous discovery layer research inquiries centering primarily on user satisfaction measures of discovery system effectiveness. This study focuses on the creation of a largely automated method for evaluating discovery layer quality, utilizing the bibliographic sources from student research projects. Building on past research, the current study replaces a semiautomated Excel Fuzzy Lookup Add-In process with a fully scripted R-based approach, which employs the stringdist R package and applies the Jaro-Winkler distance metric as the matching evaluator. The researchers consider the error rate incurred by relying solely on an automated matching metric. They also use Open Refine for normalization processes and package the tools together on an OSF site for other institutions to use. Since the R-based approach does not require special processing or time and can be reproduced with minimal effort, it will allow future studies and users of our method to capture larger sample sizes, boosting validity. While the assessment process has been streamlined and shows promise, there remain issues in establishing solid connections between research paper bibliographies and discovery layer use. Subsequent research will focus on creating alternatives to paper titles as search proxies that better resemble genuine information-seeking behavior and comparing undergraduate and graduate student interactions within discovery environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Valmet Supplies Key Technology for Shandong Jin Tian He Paper's Board Machine.
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PAPER industry , *AUTOMATION , *DNA machinery , *SALES executives - Published
- 2024
4. A Commentary on Process Improvements to Reduce Manual Tasks and Paper at Covid-19 Mass Vaccination Points of Dispensing in California.
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Yan, Eric G. and Arzt, Noam H.
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USER-centered system design , *PATIENT aftercare , *IMMUNIZATION , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *MEDICAL office management , *COVID-19 vaccines , *MANAGEMENT information systems , *USER interfaces , *INTERNET , *MEDICAL protocols , *SOFTWARE architecture , *DOCUMENTATION , *SURVEYS , *AUTOMATION , *MEDICAL records , *QUALITY assurance , *CLOUD computing , *ELECTRONIC health records , *TEXT messages , *MEDICAL appointments , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *VIDEO recording - Abstract
My Turn is software used to manage several Covid-19 mass vaccination campaigns in California. The objective of this article is to describe the use of My Turn at two points of dispensing in California and comment on process improvements to reduce manual tasks of six identified processes of vaccination–registration, scheduling, administration, documentation, follow-up, and digital vaccine record–and paper. We reviewed publicly available documents of My Turn and patients vaccinated at George R. Moscone Convention Center in San Francisco and Oakland Coliseum Community Vaccination Clinic. For publicly available documents of My Turn, we examined videos of My Turn on YouTube, and documentation from EZIZ, the website for the California Vaccines for Children Program. For patients, we examined publicly available vaccination record cards on Instagram and Google. At the George R. Moscone Convention Center, 329,608 vaccines doses were given. At the Oakland Coliseum Community Vaccination Clinic, more than 500,000 vaccine doses were administered. The use of My Turn can be used to reduce manual tasks and paper for mass vaccinating patients against Covid-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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5. Valmet Introduces Mill-Wide Optimization for Steering Pulp and Paper Mill Operations towards Shared Goals.
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PAPER industry , *PAPER mills , *AUTOMATION , *ENERGY industries , *CONTINUOUS improvement process - Published
- 2023
6. Liansheng Pulp & Paper Successfully Starts up Two ANDRITZ PrimeLineTM Tissue Machines.
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PAPER industry , *PULP mills equipment , *AUTOMATION - Published
- 2023
7. MEPCO Deploys Greycon X-Trim Solutions to Streamline Paper Manufacturing Processes.
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PAPER industry , *MANUFACTURING processes , *WASTE management , *AUTOMATION , *DIGITAL technology - Published
- 2023
8. What are Autonomous Mills and How Will They Change Mill Operations?
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Cura, Peter
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PAPER mills , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *PAPER industry , *AUTOMATION - Published
- 2022
9. ABB Extends Automation Software Maintenance Programme to Include More Pulp and Paper Specific Software.
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AUTOMATION , *PAPER industry - Published
- 2023
10. ABB Launches Newest Generation of L&W Bending Tester for Easy, Fast and Reliable Paper Testing.
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PAPER testing , *MANUFACTURING execution systems , *PAPER mills , *AUTOMATION - Published
- 2023
11. Valmet to Supply Consistency Measurements to DS Smith.
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ELECTRONIC measurements , *AUTOMATION - Published
- 2024
12. SCA Relies on Latest Digitalization and Lifecycle Management Solutions from Voith and BTG along the entire Paper Machine to Save Resources.
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PAPERMAKING machinery , *DIGITAL technology , *PRODUCT management , *AUTOMATION - Published
- 2023
13. Voith Sets Course for Development of Sustainable Packaging Papers with World's Most Modern Pilot Coater.
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PACKAGING paper , *PAPER coatings , *AUTOMATION - Published
- 2021
14. Automation, agencies and aesthetics: the politics of data visualizations in configuring teachers' expertise.
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Ratner, Helene Friis
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DATA visualization , *DIGITAL learning , *TEACHERS , *EXPERTISE , *AESTHETICS - Abstract
It is well-known that digital learning materials influence the classroom curriculum and didactics. At the same time, few studies examine the role of the data visualizations offered by digital learning materials. Data visualizations signpost the emergence of students as data subjects who can be observed and compared on a computer screen. They thus shape teachers' socio-technical ways of seeing student learning and are likely to influence student assessments. Drawing inspiration from Science and Technology Studies (STS), this paper advances an analytical framework for eliciting the politics of data visualizations, focusing on automation, agencies, and aesthetics. The framework is exemplified through a case study of a popular Danish digital mathematics platform. In a concluding discussion, the paper considers the importance of addressing unsettled and ethical questions about the role of automated digital systems in teachers' knowledge practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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15. Fundamentals of Automation Engineering: A hybrid project-based learning approach.
- Author
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Kataria, Devika, Sanchez, Gustavo, and Govindasamy, Siddhartan
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BLENDED learning , *ELECTRICAL engineering education , *PROJECT method in teaching , *MATERIALS handling , *AUTODIDACTICISM - Abstract
This paper describes authors' experience with designing and teaching a new course on "Fundamentals of Automation Engineering", based on a hybrid Project-Based Learning approach. The proposed challenge for students was to develop a low-cost Material Handling Machine, equipped with basic control functions. The project was executed in three stages, with different activities/tasks performed during each stage, which finally led to successful completion of the challenge. Detailed course file containing syllabus, learning objectives, assessment rubric, project goals, and deliverables was provided to students at first stage. Handouts and assignments were also provided weekly to students, which required extensive use of library resources (self-learning). Feedback survey was conducted fortnightly and suggestions were considered for course improvement. In this paper, authors discuss course organization, learning and assessment activities, and perception of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. Fragile texts and machine readers: trans/in/dividual reading tactics in a complex technical milieu.
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de Freitas, Elizabeth
- Subjects
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PHILOSOPHY , *TRANSFORMER models , *AUTOMATION , *LANGUAGE & languages , *HEURISTIC - Abstract
This paper explores the following questions: What is reading all about, as our technical milieu becomes increasingly digital and our reading increasingly automated? What is entailed in closely reading a book, in studying and handling the book as an object? And what is the role of philosophy—and in reading philosophy—as we grapple with new technical modes of reading? Guided by philosopher Gilbert Simondon, this paper compares the language heuristics of large language models (LLM) with human reading practices, revealing parallel and diverging technical tactics, with the aim of increasing our understanding of how and why these algorithms are part of our technical reality. This comparison moves beyond concerns with automation and alienation, using Simondon's notions of technicity and transindividuality to philosophically analyze the nature of collaborative reading in a distraction economy, and the extent to which transformer neural network models achieve an implicit embodied or grounded sense of language-use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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17. Application of robotic manipulator technology and its relation to additive manufacturing process — a review.
- Author
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Zutin, Gabriel Consoni, Pulquerio, Eduardo Costa, Pasotti, Arthur Vallim, Barbosa, Gustavo Franco, and Shiki, Sidney Bruce
- Abstract
This scientific paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research concerning the application of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, especially the fused filament fabrication (FFF) and fused granular fabrication (FGF) methods, where robotic manipulator systems are applied in fabrication processes. To achieve this, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted to identify, select, and evaluate the most relevant research. A total of 63 papers sourced from the most relevant scientific database covering the period from 2019 to December 2023 were thoroughly analyzed and synthesized. The examination, analysis, and assessment of these papers provide insights about the integration of the AM processes with robot manipulator technology, presenting the types of polymers, blends, and polymeric matrix composites that are processed using this advanced technology. This paper highlights and discusses current gaps in this area and proposes future research directions, emphasizing the potential enhancements in flexibility, quality, consistency, productivity, safety, and cost-effectiveness in AM facilitated by robot-assisted systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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18. Facial emotion recognition: A comprehensive review.
- Author
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Kaur, Manmeet and Kumar, Munish
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EMOTION recognition , *AFFECTIVE computing , *FACIAL expression & emotions (Psychology) , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *DIGITAL communications , *DIGITAL technology , *HUMAN-computer interaction , *EMOTICONS & emojis , *AUTOMATION - Abstract
Facial emotion recognition (FER) represents a significant outcome of the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology. In today's digital era, the ability to decipher emotions from facial expressions has evolved into a fundamental mode of human interaction and communication. As a result, FER has penetrated diverse domains, including but not limited to medical diagnosis, customer feedback analysis, the automation of automobile driver systems, and the evaluation of student comprehension. Furthermore, it has matured into a captivating and dynamic research field, capturing the attention and curiosity of contemporary scholars and scientists. The primary objective of this paper is to provide an exhaustive review of FER systems. Its significance goes beyond offering a comprehensive resource; it also serves as a valuable guide for emerging researchers in the FER domain. Through a meticulous examination of existing FER systems and methodologies, this review equips them with essential insights and guidance for their future research pursuits. Moreover, this comprehensive review contributes to the expansion of their knowledge base, facilitating a profound understanding of this rapidly evolving field. In a world increasingly dependent on technology for communication and interaction, the study of FER holds a pivotal role in human‐computer interaction (HCI). It not only provides valuable insights but also unlocks a multitude of possibilities for future innovations and applications. As we continue to integrate AI and facial emotion recognition into our daily lives, the importance of comprehending and enhancing FER systems becomes increasingly evident. This paper serves as a stepping stone for researchers, nurturing their involvement in this exciting and ever‐evolving field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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19. An Overview of the Security of Programmable Logic Controllers in Industrial Control Systems.
- Author
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Cui, Hui, Hong, Jin, and Louden, Rodney
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PROGRAMMABLE controllers , *INDUSTRIAL controls manufacturing , *DENIAL of service attacks , *INTERNET of things - Abstract
One key role in industrial control systems (ICSs) is known as Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). However, with the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), PLCs have become exposed to an increasing number of attacks, which may cause malfunctions of the whole ICS. Thus, it is necessary to identify potential attacks on PLCs and propose effective solutions to mitigate them. Unfortunately, to date, there have not been significant efforts made to provide a detailed overview of existing works on PLC security. With such a concern in mind, in this paper, we focus on summarising PLC security from different components running at different layers of a PLC architecture. We first review the framework of PLCs; then, we discuss several models when considering PLC security. After that, we provide an overview of existing attacks on PLCs and general solutions to those issues from different perspectives. Lastly, we conclude this paper with an overview of future research areas in PLC security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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20. Advances in automated support for requirements engineering: a systematic literature review.
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Umar, Muhammad Aminu and Lano, Kevin
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REQUIREMENTS engineering , *TECHNICAL literature , *NATURAL language processing , *COMPUTER software development , *UNIFIED modeling language , *SYSTEMS software - Abstract
Requirements Engineering (RE) has undergone several transitions over the years, from traditional methods to agile approaches emphasising increased automation. In many software development projects, requirements are expressed in natural language and embedded within large volumes of text documents. At the same time, RE activities aim to define software systems' functionalities and constraints. However, manually executing these tasks is time-consuming and prone to errors. Numerous research efforts have proposed tools and technologies for automating RE activities to address this challenge, which are documented in published works. This review aims to examine empirical evidence on automated RE and analyse its impact on the RE sub-domain and software development. To achieve our goal, we conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following established guidelines for conducting SLRs. We aimed to identify, aggregate, and analyse papers on automated RE published between 1996 and 2022. We outlined the output of the support tool, the RE phase covered, levels of automation, development approach, and evaluation approaches. We identified 85 papers that discussed automated RE from various perspectives and methodologies. The results of this review demonstrate the significance of automated RE for the software development community, which has the potential to shorten development cycles and reduce associated costs. The support tools primarily assist in generating UML models (44.7%) and other activities such as omission of steps, consistency checking, and requirement validation. The analysis phase of RE is the most widely automated phase, with 49.53% of automated tools developed for this purpose. Natural language processing technologies, particularly POS tagging and Parser, are widely employed in developing these support tools. Controlled experimental methods are the most frequently used (48.2%) for evaluating automated RE tools, while user studies are the least employed evaluation method (8.2%). This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing an updated overview of the research literature, enabling a better understanding of trends and state-of-the-art practices in automated RE for researchers and practitioners. It also paves the way for future research directions in automated requirements engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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21. Paper Circuits: A Tangible, Low Threshold, Low Cost Entry to Computational Thinking.
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Lee, Victor R. and Recker, Mimi
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COMPUTATIONAL intelligence , *AUTOMATION , *INTELLIGENT agents , *NEURAL computers , *LEARNING - Abstract
In this paper, we propose that paper circuitry provides a productive space for exploring aspects of computational thinking, an increasingly critical 21st century skills for all students. We argue that the creation and operation of paper circuits involve learning about computational concepts such as rule-based constraints, operations, and defined states. Moreover, paper circuitry materials are low cost, provide a low threshold to entry, and draw upon the familiarity that already exists with respect to paper as a hands-on and interactive medium. Paper circuitry thus provides multiple points of entry for students who are unfamiliar with computational thinking ideas while also supporting creative, artistic and crafting activities. It also provides an important alternative to the typically steep learning curve associated with learning a programming language. We define paper circuitry and associated technologies, show how they afford key dimensions of computational thinking, and present examples of paper circuit projects created by students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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22. Paper-based microfluidic electro-analytical device (PMED) for magneto-assay automation: Towards generic point-of-care diagnostic devices.
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Prat-Trunas, J., Arias-Alpizar, K., Álvarez-Carulla, A., Orio-Tejada, J., Molina, I., Sánchez-Montalvá, A., Colomer-Farrarons, J., del Campo, F.J., Miribel-Català, P. Ll, and Baldrich, E.
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RAPID diagnostic tests , *MICROFLUIDIC devices , *POINT-of-care testing , *LACTATE dehydrogenase , *AUTOMATION - Abstract
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for point-of-care (POC) testing of infectious diseases are popular because they are easy to use. However, RDTs have limitations such as low sensitivity and qualitative responses that rely on subjective visual interpretation. Additionally, RDTs are made using paper-bound reagents, which leads to batch-to-batch variability, limited storage stability and detection of only the analytes they were designed for. This work presents the development of a versatile technology, based on short magneto-assays and inexpensive paper-based microfluidic electro-analytical devices (PMEDs). PMEDs were produced locally using low-cost equipment, they were stable at room temperature, easy to use, and provided quantitative and objective results. The devices served to detect alternatively a variety of magneto-assays, granting quantitation of streptavidin-HRP, biotinylated HRP and Pasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (Pf-LDH) in less than 25 min, using either commercial or customized screen-printed electrodes and measurement equipment. Furthermore, Pf-LDH detection in diluted lysed whole blood displayed a linear response between 3 and 25 ng mL−1, detection and quantification limits ranging between 1 and 3 ng mL−1 and 6–12 ng mL−1, respectively, and provided results that correlated with those of the reference ELISA. In short, this technology is versatile, simple, and highly cost-effective, making it perfect for POC testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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23. Pilot performance comparison between electronic and paper instrument approach charts.
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Winter, Scott R., Milner, Mattie N., Rice, Stephen, Bush, Dylan, Marte, Daniel A., Adkins, Evan, Roccasecca, Angela, Rosser, Timothy G., and Tamilselvan, Gajapriya
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EMPLOYEES' workload , *AIRCRAFT occupants , *AIRPLANE cockpits , *AUTOMATION , *LOYALTY - Abstract
Electronic flight bags (EFB’s) have become common in the era of technologically advanced aircraft (TAA) and glass cockpits. However, many pilots still rely on paper charts as backups in case of electronic failures. The purpose of this study was to examine pilot performance differences when using electronic and paper instrument approach charts. Twenty-nine participants from a large university completed the study in a fixed-based flight-training device (FTD). While completing a flight between two major cities, the participants were asked to answer questions on instrument approach charts using an electronic flight bag. Halfway through the questions, the electronic flight bag was said to have failed, and participants were provided with paper charts. The findings indicate that participants’ response time was significantly lower using electronic charts over paper ones. Flight performance, as observed via video footage, indicated far worse control of altitude and course when using paper charts than when electronic charts were used. In a post-test instrument, participants’ poorly estimated the their average response time to questions in both conditions. Finally, participants’ indicated that they felt the use of electronic charts reduced their workload as measured by the NASA TLX. The paper discusses the practical applications of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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24. Valmet to Supply Fine Paper Making Line with Extensive Scope and Recovery Boiler for Sun Paper Beihai Mill.
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PAPER product manufacturing , *BOILERS , *AUTOMATION - Published
- 2020
25. A Motion-Planning Approach to Folding: From Paper Craft to Protein Folding.
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Guang Song and Amato, Nancy M.
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MOTION , *PAPER folding (Graphic design) , *TYPOGRAPHIC design , *PROTEIN folding , *AUTOMATION , *ROBOTICS - Abstract
In this paper, we present a framework for studying folding problems from a motion-planning perspective. The version of the motion-planning problem we consider is that of determining a sequence of motions to transform some configuration of a foldable object (the start) into another configuration (the goal). Modeling foldable objects as tree-like multilink objects allows us to apply motion-planning techniques for articulated objects with many degrees of freedom (many links) to folding problems. An important feature of this approach is that it not only allows us to study foldability questions, such as, can one object be folded (or unfolded) into another object, but it also provides us with another tool for investigating the dynamic folding process itself. The frame-work proposed here has application to traditional motion-planning areas such as automation and animation, to paper-folding problems studied in computational geometry, and to computational biology problems such as protein folding. Preliminary experimental results with paper folding and the folding of small proteins (approximately 60 residues) are quite encouraging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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26. Autonomous Building Design for Manufacturing and Assembly: A Systematic Review of Design Application, Challenges, and Opportunities.
- Author
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Sadoughi, Arezou, Kouhirostami, Maryam, Kouhirostamkolaei, Mahtab, Qi, Bing, and Costin, Aaron
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INDUSTRIALIZED building , *BUILDING information modeling , *LABOR market , *AUTOMATION , *SUSTAINABLE construction , *FACTORY design & construction , *WALL panels , *INTELLIGENT buildings - Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable and affordable construction, paired with labor shortages, requires more efficient tools and methodologies. Industrialized construction (IC) is one solution that has the ability to address construction efficiency by utilizing techniques such as modularization, construction automation, and building information modeling. One particular aspect of IC is Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DfMA) since the design phase determines up to 80% of the operating costs. However, DfMA is yet to be implemented in the construction industry due to some challenges in DfMA that inhibit full implementation. The majority of construction manufacturers have to regenerate the construction drawings for manufacturing which add substantial time to the schedule. Delays are caused by the lack of coordination of these components, as well as assemblies' connections, compliance with building codes, and other related policies. Although many scholarly manufacturing and assembly works have studied and reviewed various aspects, techniques, and applications of DfMA, none have looked at the design process, tools and methods, or challenges in design automation. Using a systematic literature review, this study reviews the most recent innovative design responses for manufacturing and assemblies, and tools and methods. The study then analyzes the identified challenges of DfMA automation and processes in the existing literature on the construction industry, such as the lack of autonomous design and construction manufacturing. The literature analysis suggests future studies are required to improve DfMA not only as a technique but as a design strategy, particularly during the design process and prior to the production phase. Finally, future directions are provided to lead the next generation of research to advance building construction. Significantly, the results of this research provide an up-to-date status on autonomous DfMA and contribute to the body of knowledge of IC by synthesizing the state-of-the-art of building design automation and methods for manufacture and assembly. Practical Applications: Shifting the construction work from a jobsite to a factory environment and utilizing automation are resolutions to a lack of construction efficiency. Factory automation highly relies on DfMA processes. Automating the manufacturing process itself requires advanced knowledge, particularly DfMA; which is a common term referring to both management and technology that enables designers to ease a product's material selection, cost, and factory production. Studies have addressed the state-of-the-art for DfMA, but none have looked at the design process from the early design stage, tools and methods, and the associated challenges. This paper provides a review of design automation techniques in various thematic categories including (1) design scale, from an entire building scale to a small component like a wall, (2) design parameters like structural strengths and sustainability, (3) building material types, (4) tools and methods, and (5) the challenges for implementation. The provided paper is a fundamental resource for DfMA research in construction manufacturing. Manufacturers, developers, and builders require such a resource to learn more about various aspects of the design process and associated challenges to either improve their production lines or establish new state-of-the-art factories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Behavioral insights: The problem of control in education governance.
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Moghtader, Bruce
- Abstract
AbstractThis article offers a historical inquiry into behaviorism and its impact on standard of judgement concerning education policies. Drawing from Aldous Huxley’s reservation towards behaviorism as a scientific movement that naturalizes the role of control in human affairs, the paper maps the impact of behaviorism on economics of education. By tracing the influence of behaviorism in both rational (human capital theory) and quasi-rational (behavioral insight) economics, we draw attention to the activity of knowledge-making that describes and prescribes agency. The paper demonstrates how policy instruments and outcomes are intimately linked to assumptions about personhood, and in the case of behavioral insight, they contribute to the scope of decision-making entrusted to government and business. Utilizing a genealogical approach, the paper invites ethical reflections on the long-term implications of behavioral economics in light of automation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Digital economy to improve the culture of industry 4.0: A study on features, implementation and challenges.
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Javaid, Mohd, Haleem, Abid, Singh, Ravi Pratap, and Sinh, Anil Kumar
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INDUSTRY 4.0 , *DIGITIZATION , *VIRTUAL reality , *AUTOMATION , *INTERNET of things - Abstract
The digital economy refers to the economic activities that emerge from connecting individuals, businesses, devices, data, and operations through digital technology. It includes online transactions across multiple sectors and technologies, such as the Internet, mobile technology, big data, and information and communications technology. The digital economy differs from a traditional economy because it relies on digital technology, online transactions, and its transformative effect on traditional industries Digital innovations such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality, Blockchain, and autonomous vehicles all play a part in creating a digital economy. For this study, various papers on "Digital Economy" and "Industry 4.0" are identified from Scopus, Google Scholar and other research platforms and further studied briefly. This review paper has been developed after studying the digital economy and its needs in the Industry 4.0 Environment. The defining trends, key enablers, features and challenges associated with the digital economy towards Industry 4.0 are discussed briefly. Finally, the paper identifies and discusses the significant requirements of Industry 4.0 fulfilled through the digital economy. Today, customers are becoming aware of goods and services online and are turning to the industry for long-term solutions by deploying digital technologies. The digital economy is built on hyper connectivity, the growing interconnectedness of individuals, organisations, and machines due to the Internet, mobile technologies, and the IoT. Industry 4.0 technologies are automation, data exchange, cloud computing, robotics, big data, AI, the IoT, and other technological trends are all part of the industrial sector's digital transformation, which aims to achieve industrial objectives and intelligent manufacturing practices that engage with customers, emerging technologies, and innovation. The economy is becoming more digital, changing how products and services are provided and consumed. A new road map is being provided by Industry 4.0 services to help many industries adapt their conventional methods and support the new revolution. In the digital economy, scaled-up, integrated ecosystems that leverage software platforms to generate value, build resilience, and stimulate innovation via networked goods, assets, people, and processes rapidly replace old, linear value chains with partner participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Digital Practices of Negotiation: Social Workers at the Intersection of Migration and Social Policies in Switzerland and Belgium.
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ANDREETTA, SOPHIE and BORRELLI, LISA MARIE
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DIGITAL technology , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *DOCUMENTATION , *SOCIAL security , *SOCIAL workers , *GOVERNMENT policy , *RESEARCH funding , *NEGOTIATION , *INTERVIEWING , *ETHNOLOGY research , *FIELDWORK (Educational method) , *SOCIAL services , *NOMADS , *DECISION making , *ELECTRONIC data interchange , *INSTITUTIONAL cooperation , *RESEARCH methodology , *COMMUNICATION , *PUBLIC welfare , *AUTOMATION , *REFUGEES - Abstract
Paperwork has always been a central part of bureaucratic work. Over the last few years, bureaucratic procedures have become increasingly standardised and digitalised. Based on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork within welfare offices in Switzerland and Belgium, we reflect on the way evidence is constructed within social policy and cases built for or against noncitizen welfare recipients in order to show how paper truths are established and challenged. The focus on digital practices within public policy implementation highlights how it contributes to enhanced control mechanisms on the implementation level and how migration law continues to guide welfare governance for noncitizens. This allows targeting of the most marginalised groups, whose rights to access state support are institutionally impeded. Through database information flows, official forms, paper reports and face-to-face meetings, we further show how a hybrid form of bureaucratic work emerges, where direct contact with the client is still key, yet highly influenced by standardisation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Automation and aesthetic labour: the micro-mobilities of work in airport self-service.
- Author
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Lin, Weiqiang
- Abstract
AbstractRecently, the concept of mobile labour has garnered increasing attention among mobilities scholars. Yet, the preponderance of research has emphasised workers’ movements that are fairly large-scale and routes-based. This paper proposes another kind of mobility that is of equal significance—that of micro-mobilities
by labour, or more accurately by their bodies. Using original research conducted through semi-structured interviews with 40 customer service agents working in an international airport in Asia, the paper examines three kinds of aesthetic labour that these workers perform alongside passengers. Enacted through various bodily motions intended to speed up aeromobile processes and augment productivity, I argue that these performances produce a (tenuous) aesthetics of assuring presence, orderly movement, and passing time. As more and more work tasks are redistributed across the airport between staff and passengers, ‘new’ automation presents an opportunity to reflect on the mobile practices being invented as self-service technologies infiltrate customer service and other work where human relations and decision-making skills are required. More broadly, it also uncovers the gendered politics of bodily comport, gaits, gestures and other micro-movements in labour (re)production in a wider age of technological change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Fundamental Components and Principles of Supervised Machine Learning Workflows with Numerical and Categorical Data.
- Author
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Kampezidou, Styliani I., Tikayat Ray, Archana, Bhat, Anirudh Prabhakara, Pinon Fischer, Olivia J., and Mavris, Dimitri N.
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SUPERVISED learning , *WORKFLOW , *DATA augmentation , *ENGINEERING models , *AUTOMATION , *MACHINE learning , *RESEARCH personnel - Abstract
This paper offers a comprehensive examination of the process involved in developing and automating supervised end-to-end machine learning workflows for forecasting and classification purposes. It offers a complete overview of the components (i.e., feature engineering and model selection), principles (i.e., bias–variance decomposition, model complexity, overfitting, model sensitivity to feature assumptions and scaling, and output interpretability), models (i.e., neural networks and regression models), methods (i.e., cross-validation and data augmentation), metrics (i.e., Mean Squared Error and F1-score) and tools that rule most supervised learning applications with numerical and categorical data, as well as their integration, automation, and deployment. The end goal and contribution of this paper is the education and guidance of the non-AI expert academic community regarding complete and rigorous machine learning workflows and data science practices, from problem scoping to design and state-of-the-art automation tools, including basic principles and reasoning in the choice of methods. The paper delves into the critical stages of supervised machine learning workflow development, many of which are often omitted by researchers, and covers foundational concepts essential for understanding and optimizing a functional machine learning workflow, thereby offering a holistic view of task-specific application development for applied researchers who are non-AI experts. This paper may be of significant value to academic researchers developing and prototyping machine learning workflows for their own research or as customer-tailored solutions for government and industry partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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32. Automated data analysis of unstructured grey literature in health research: A mapping review.
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Schmidt, Lena, Mohamed, Saleh, Meader, Nick, Bacardit, Jaume, and Craig, Dawn
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LITERATURE reviews , *GREY literature , *EVIDENCE gaps , *DATA analysis , *PUBLIC health research , *SOCIAL media , *CLINICAL trial registries - Abstract
The amount of grey literature and 'softer' intelligence from social media or websites is vast. Given the long lead‐times of producing high‐quality peer‐reviewed health information, this is causing a demand for new ways to provide prompt input for secondary research. To our knowledge, this is the first review of automated data extraction methods or tools for health‐related grey literature and soft data, with a focus on (semi)automating horizon scans, health technology assessments (HTA), evidence maps, or other literature reviews. We searched six databases to cover both health‐ and computer‐science literature. After deduplication, 10% of the search results were screened by two reviewers, the remainder was single‐screened up to an estimated 95% sensitivity; screening was stopped early after screening an additional 1000 results with no new includes. All full texts were retrieved, screened, and extracted by a single reviewer and 10% were checked in duplicate. We included 84 papers covering automation for health‐related social media, internet fora, news, patents, government agencies and charities, or trial registers. From each paper, we extracted data about important functionalities for users of the tool or method; information about the level of support and reliability; and about practical challenges and research gaps. Poor availability of code, data, and usable tools leads to low transparency regarding performance and duplication of work. Financial implications, scalability, integration into downstream workflows, and meaningful evaluations should be carefully planned before starting to develop a tool, given the vast amounts of data and opportunities those tools offer to expedite research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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33. Valmet to Deliver Key Technologies for Henan Longyuan Paper's Testliner Line.
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AUTOMATION - Published
- 2023
34. Computer numerical control-printed paper electrodes for electrochemical detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor pyocyanin.
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Manisha, H., Sonia, J., Shashikiran, S., Yuvarajan, S., Rekha, P.D., and Sudhakara Prasad, K.
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ELECTROCHEMICAL electrodes , *PSEUDOMONAS aeruginosa , *COMMUNICABLE diseases , *PRINTMAKING , *AUTOMATION , *COMPUTERS - Abstract
[Display omitted] • Computer numerical control printed disposable paper electrodes for electrochemical sensing. • Proof-of-concept demonstrated by detecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor pyocyanin. • Satisfactory analytical performance and validated with gold standard. Disposable paper electrodes (PPE) have significant advantages in biosensor research considering the cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and easy batch manufacturing opportunity. An increase in communicable and non-communicable diseases demands for custom-made sensor platforms. Herein, we report an alternative method for the fabrication of PPE through simple and rapid computer numerical controlled (CNC) printing technique. The fabricated electrodes were electrochemically characterised, and by detecting antibiotic resistant pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor pyocyanin, the sensing application is demonstrated. Finally, the sensor is validated with a gold-standard culture-based assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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35. Aligning a collaborative resistance model with a change management process: a case study in automation in industry.
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Zero, Nicole and Summers, Joshua D.
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CHANGE management , *RESISTANCE to change , *INDUSTRIAL engineering , *ENGINEERING management , *AUTOMATION - Abstract
This paper presents a case study conducted to understand the change management process for a large-scale automation implementation in a manufacturing environment producing highly complex products. Through a series of fifteen interviews of eight engineers, a model is created to understand how the company of study changed a manufacturing activity while noting obstacles identified in the process. This model illustrates the duration, sequencing, teaming, and complexity of the project. This model is compared to other change process models found in the literature to understand critical elements found within change management. The case study aligns with both a design process and a traditional change management process defined in the literature. Finally, a collaborative resistance model is applied to the process model to identify and estimate the resistance for each task in the process. Based on the analysis of the collaborative situations, the areas of highest resistance are identified. By comparing the resistance model to the interview data, the results show that the resistance model does identify the challenges found in interviews. This means that the resistance model has the potential to identify obstacles within the process and open the opportunity to mitigate those challenges before they are encountered within the change management process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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36. Automated government form filling for aged and monolingual people using interactive tool.
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Hegde, Adarsh R., Sujala Reddy, R. S., Kruthika, P., Pragathi, B. C., Sai Lahari, Sreerama, Deepamala, N., and Shobha, G.
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AUTOMATIC speech recognition , *CONVERSATION , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *MULTILINGUALISM , *GOVERNMENT programs , *COMMUNICATION devices for people with disabilities , *COMMUNICATION , *AUTOMATION , *ALGORITHMS - Abstract
The Government of India offers various schemes for various classes of citizens. Most of the application forms of schemes to be filled are in English and it is observed that monolingual individuals find it difficult to access and fill the forms. This paper addresses the challenges faced by monolingual individuals in India, particularly the elderly, people with impairments, and those from marginalized communities. The proposed work is to create an interactive system called "Dhvani" voicebot, specifically designed for the Kannada language. It helps users in identifying suitable government schemes and fills forms in English. The proposed system is developed using the RASA chatbot framework and NLP techniques to comprehend user utterances. RNN and SVM algorithms are employed to ensure smooth conversation flow and interaction with the users. To enhance scheme suggestion accuracy, a knowledge graph is created, containing relevant data on government schemes. The intent classification model achieves an accuracy of 97%, indicating its ability to accurately understand user intentions. The integration of a knowledge graph improves the accuracy of scheme identification and suggestion to users. The system automates the process of filling out government scheme forms based on user inputs. Dhvani voicebot system presents a practical solution to address the challenges faced by monolingual individuals in accessing government schemes in India. The high accuracy of intent classification and the use of a knowledge graph contribute to the system's effectiveness. The study suggests that this system can be extended to other languages. An automated tool called "Dhvani" will solve the problem of aged, illiterate and physically challenged persons filling forms in post offices and banks. Most of the schemes, pension funds, cash withdrawal, cash deposit is through these organizations. So. the tool makes the process easier for the above mention persons without the help of others. An intent recognition and interactive tool developed in Kannada Language which is widely spoken in Karnataka, India. The digital resources available in Kannada Language is very sparce. Use of technology like interactive tool, Knowledge graph, RNN and SVM are used in the development of the tool. Government scheme recommendation interactively makes the users to choose the scheme faster in an interactive way. The form is filled automatically and can be edited to rectify mistakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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37. Syntactic measurement of governance networks from textual data, with application to water management plans.
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Zufall, Elise and Scott, Tyler A.
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NATURAL language processing , *GROUNDWATER management , *NETWORK governance , *WATER management , *PUBLIC administration - Abstract
This paper demonstrates an automated workflow for extracting network data from policy documents. We use natural language processing tools, part‐of‐speech tagging, and syntactic dependency parsing, to represent relationships between real‐world entities based on how they are described in text. Using a corpus of regional groundwater management plans, we demonstrate unique graph motifs created through parsing syntactic relationships and how document‐level syntax can be aggregated to develop large‐scale graphs. This approach complements and extends existing methods in public management and governance research by (1) expanding the feasible geographic and temporal scope of data collection and (2) allowing for customized representations of governance systems to fit different research applications, particularly by creating graphs with many different node and edge types. We conclude by reflecting on the challenges, limitations, and future directions of automated, text‐based methods for governance research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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38. Exploring an effective automated grading model with reliability detection for large‐scale online peer assessment.
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Lin, Zirou, Yan, Hanbing, and Zhao, Li
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HIGH schools , *RESEARCH funding , *AFFINITY groups , *EDUCATIONAL outcomes , *HIGH school students , *EDUCATIONAL tests & measurements , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *TEACHERS , *MIDDLE school students , *DEEP learning , *ONLINE education , *ARTIFICIAL neural networks , *WEB development , *AUTOMATION , *COMPUTER assisted instruction , *SHORT-term memory , *MIDDLE schools , *COMPUTER assisted testing (Education) - Abstract
Background: Peer assessment has played an important role in large‐scale online learning, as it helps promote the effectiveness of learners' online learning. However, with the emergence of numerical grades and textual feedback generated by peers, it is necessary to detect the reliability of the large amount of peer assessment data, and then develop an effective automated grading model to analyse the data and predict learners' learning results. Objectives: The present study aimed to propose an automated grading model with reliability detection. Methods: A total of 109,327 instances of peer assessment from a large‐scale teacher online learning program were tested in the experiments. The reliability detection approach included three steps: recurrent convolutional neural networks (RCNN) was used to detect grade consistency, bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) was used to detect text originality, and long short‐term memory (LSTM) was used to detect grade‐text consistency. Furthermore, the automated grading was designed with the BERT‐RCNN model. Results and Conclusions: The effectiveness of the automated grading model with reliability detection was shown. For reliability detection, RCNN performed best in detecting grade consistency with an accuracy rate of 0.889, BERT performed best in detecting text originality with an improvement of 4.47% compared to the benchmark model, and LSTM performed best with an accuracy rate of 0.883. Moreover, the automated grading model with reliability detection achieved good performance, with an accuracy rate of 0.89. Compared to the absence of reliability detection, it increased by 12.1%. Implications: The results strongly suggest that the automated grading model with reliability detection for large‐scale peer assessment is effective, with the following implications: (1) The introduction of reliability detection is necessary to help filter out low reliability data in peer assessment, thus promoting effective automated grading results. (2) This solution could assist assessors in adjusting the exclusion threshold of peer assessment reliability, providing a controllable automated grading tool to reducing manual workload with high quality. (3) This solution could shift educational institutions from labour‐intensive grading procedures to a more efficient educational assessment pattern, allowing for more investment in supporting instructors and learners to improve the quality of peer feedback. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Peer assessment has played an important role in large‐scale online learning, as it helps promote the effectiveness of learners' online learning.Issues such as disagreement between peer assessors, rough assessment, and plagiarism in large‐scale online learning can decrease peer assessment reliabilityIncorporating extensive data into a training model may result in grading uncertainties. What this paper adds: Detecting the peer assessment reliability before grading is essential in the context of large‐scale online learning.This study aimed to propose and validate an automated grading model with reliability detection for the large‐scale online peer assessment, which will help improve the effectiveness of automated grading, combining the advantages of computer technology and human expertise. Implications for practice and/or policy: The introduction of reliability detection is necessary to help filter out low reliability data in peer assessment, thus promoting effective automated grading results.This solution could assist assessors in adjusting the exclusion threshold of peer assessment reliability, providing a controllable automated grading tool to reducing manual workload with high quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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39. Automation of systematic reviews of biomedical literature: a scoping review of studies indexed in PubMed.
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Tóth, Barbara, Berek, László, Gulácsi, László, Péntek, Márta, and Zrubka, Zsombor
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AUTOMATION , *NATURAL language processing , *DATA extraction - Abstract
Background: The demand for high-quality systematic literature reviews (SRs) for evidence-based medical decision-making is growing. SRs are costly and require the scarce resource of highly skilled reviewers. Automation technology has been proposed to save workload and expedite the SR workflow. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of SR automation studies indexed in PubMed, focusing on the applicability of these technologies in real world practice. Methods: In November 2022, we extracted, combined, and ran an integrated PubMed search for SRs on SR automation. Full-text English peer-reviewed articles were included if they reported studies on SR automation methods (SSAM), or automated SRs (ASR). Bibliographic analyses and knowledge-discovery studies were excluded. Record screening was performed by single reviewers, and the selection of full text papers was performed in duplicate. We summarized the publication details, automated review stages, automation goals, applied tools, data sources, methods, results, and Google Scholar citations of SR automation studies. Results: From 5321 records screened by title and abstract, we included 123 full text articles, of which 108 were SSAM and 15 ASR. Automation was applied for search (19/123, 15.4%), record screening (89/123, 72.4%), full-text selection (6/123, 4.9%), data extraction (13/123, 10.6%), risk of bias assessment (9/123, 7.3%), evidence synthesis (2/123, 1.6%), assessment of evidence quality (2/123, 1.6%), and reporting (2/123, 1.6%). Multiple SR stages were automated by 11 (8.9%) studies. The performance of automated record screening varied largely across SR topics. In published ASR, we found examples of automated search, record screening, full-text selection, and data extraction. In some ASRs, automation fully complemented manual reviews to increase sensitivity rather than to save workload. Reporting of automation details was often incomplete in ASRs. Conclusions: Automation techniques are being developed for all SR stages, but with limited real-world adoption. Most SR automation tools target single SR stages, with modest time savings for the entire SR process and varying sensitivity and specificity across studies. Therefore, the real-world benefits of SR automation remain uncertain. Standardizing the terminology, reporting, and metrics of study reports could enhance the adoption of SR automation techniques in real-world practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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40. A rule‐based method to effectively adopt robotic process automation.
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Bédard, Maxime, Leshob, Abderrahmane, Benzarti, Imen, Mili, Hafedh, Rab, Raqeebir, and Hussain, Omar
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ROBOTIC process automation , *AUTOMATION , *USER interfaces , *QUALITY of service , *BUSINESS process modeling , *APPLICATION software - Abstract
Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is an emerging software technology for automating business processes. RPA uses software robots to perform repetitive and error‐prone tasks previously done by human actors quickly and accurately. These robots mimic humans by interacting with existing software applications through user interfaces (UI). The goal of RPA is to relieve employees from repetitive and tedious tasks to increase productivity and to provide better service quality. Yet, despite all the RPA benefits, most organizations fail to adopt RPA. One of the main reasons for the lack of adoption is that organizations are unable to effectively identify the processes that are suitable for RPA. This paper proposes a new method, called Rule‐based robotic process analysis (RRPA), that assists process automation practitioners to classify business processes according to their suitability for RPA. The RRPA method computes a suitability score for RPA using a combination of two RPA goals: (i) the RPA feasibility, which assesses the extent to which the process or the activity lends itself to automation with RPA and (ii) the RPA relevance, which assesses whether the RPA automation is worthwhile. We tested the RRPA method on a set of 13 processes. The results showed that the method is effective at 82.05% and efficient at 76.19%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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41. Human-AI Teams in Aviation: Considerations from Human Factors and Team Science.
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Korentsides, Jenna, Keebler, Joseph R., Fausett, Crystal M., Patel, Sabina M., and Lazzara, Elizabeth H.
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ENVIRONMENTAL psychology , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *AUTOMATION , *TEAMS , *DECISION making - Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the way human-computer interaction (HCI) teams are able to collaborate and coordinate in various domains, including aviation. AI's transformative capabilities can enhance teamwork, efficiency, and safety, particularly in risk management. AI's ability to process vast amounts of data and provide real-time insights enables informed decision-making and automation of repetitive tasks in aviation. By combining the strengths of AI and humans, outlined in our modified version of the 'HABA-MABA' framework, a dynamic teamwork relationship emerges, provided roles are successfully allocated. AI systems are able to act as intelligent assistants, offering timely recommendations, fostering effective communication, and facilitating coordination among crew members. Its adaptability and capacity for learning improve collaboration abilities, tailoring strategies to meet the team's specific needs. This paper explores the theories, considerations, and implications of human-AI teams in aviation, highlighting potential benefits, training recommendations, and future research directions. While human-AI teams offer numerous benefits, addressing the risks, limitations, and ethical considerations is crucial to ensuring safe and efficient operations. Future research must prioritize transparency, explainability, adaptability, and real-world testing to unlock the full potential of human-AI teams and foster successful integration across diverse domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
42. A cross-domain challenge with panoptic segmentation in agriculture.
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Halstead, Michael, Zimmer, Patrick, and McCool, Chris
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COMPUTER vision , *AGRICULTURE , *ROBOTICS , *AUTOMATION , *CROPS - Abstract
Automation in agriculture is a growing area of research with fundamental societal importance as farmers are expected to produce more and better crop with fewer resources. A key enabling factor is robotic vision techniques allowing us to sense and then interact with the environment. A limiting factor for these robotic vision systems is their cross-domain performance, that is, their ability to operate in a large range of environments. In this paper, we propose the use of auxiliary tasks to enhance cross-domain performance without the need for extra data. We perform experiments using four datasets (two in a glasshouse and two in arable farmland) for four cross-domain evaluations. These experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our auxiliary tasks to improve network generalisability. In glasshouse experiments, our approach improves the panoptic quality of things from 10.4 to 18.5 and in arable farmland from 16.0 to 27.5; where a score of 100 is the best. To further evaluate the generalisability of our approach, we perform an ablation study using the large Crop and Weed dataset (CAW) where we improve cross-domain performance (panoptic quality of things) from 12.8 to 30.6 for the CAW dataset to our novel WeedAI dataset, and 21.2 to 36.0 from CAW to the other arable farmland dataset. Although our proposed approaches considerably improve cross-domain performance we still do not generally outperform in-domain trained systems. This highlights the potential room for improvement in this area and the importance of cross-domain research for robotic vision systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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43. Extreme roughness reduction and ultrafine quality of innovative dual function material extrusion 3D printer.
- Author
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Rashyid, Muhammad Ibnu, Jaya, Mahendra, and Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin
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3-D printers , *SURFACE roughness , *SURFACE finishing , *AUTOMATION , *HYDROSTATIC extrusion , *MILLING (Metalwork) , *RESEARCH personnel - Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to use hybrid manufacturing (HM) to overcome several drawbacks of material extrusion three-dimensional (3D) printers, such as low dimension ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 µm, resulting in a noticeable staircase effect and elevated surface roughness. Design/methodology/approach: Subtractive manufacturing (SM) through computer numerical control milling is renowned for its precision and superior surface finish. This study integrates additive manufacturing (AM) and SM into a single material extrusion 3D printer platform, creating a HM system. Two sets of specimens, one exclusively printed and the other subjected to both printing and milling, were assessed for dimension accuracy and surface roughness. Findings: The outcomes were promising, with postmilling accuracy reaching 99.94%. Significant reductions in surface roughness were observed at 90° (93.4% decrease from 15.598 to 1.030 µm), 45° (89% decrease from 26.727 to 2.946 µm) and the face plane (71% decrease from 12.176 to 3.535 µm). Practical implications: The 3D printer was custom-built based on material extrusion and modified with an additional milling tool on the same gantry. An economic evaluation based on cost-manufacturing demonstrated that constructing this dual-function 3D printer costs less than US$560 in materials, offering valuable insights for researchers looking to replicate a similar machine. Originality/value: The modified general 3D printer platform offered an easy way to postprocessing without removing the workpiece from the bed. This mechanism can reduce the downtime of changing the machine. The proven increased dimension accuracy and reduced surface roughness value increase the value of 3D-printed specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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44. Rational terms of UV origin to all loop orders.
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Duhr, Claude and Thakkar, Paarth
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FEYNMAN diagrams , *MOMENTUM transfer , *POLYNOMIALS - Abstract
Numerical approaches to computations typically reconstruct the numerators of Feynman diagrams in four dimensions. In doing so, certain rational terms arising from the (D − 4)-dimensional part of the numerator multiplying ultraviolet (UV) poles in dimensional regularisation are not captured and need to be obtained by other means. At one-loop these rational terms of UV origin can be computed from a set of process-independent Feynman rules. Recently, it was shown that this approach can be extended to two loops. In this paper, we show that to all loop orders it is possible to compute rational terms of UV origin through process-independent vertices that are polynomial in masses and momenta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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45. Automatic modelling of perceptual judges in the context of head and neck cancer speech intelligibility.
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Quintas, Sebastião, Balaguer, Mathieu, Mauclair, Julie, Woisard, Virginie, and Pinquier, Julien
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READING , *PREDICTION models , *TASK performance , *DATA analysis , *ACADEMIC medical centers , *RESEARCH funding , *HEAD & neck cancer , *INTELLIGIBILITY of speech , *CANCER patients , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PERCEPTUAL disorders , *ARTIFICIAL neural networks , *STATISTICS , *AUTOMATION , *JUDGMENT (Psychology) , *HUMAN voice , *SPEECH apraxia , *REGRESSION analysis ,PHYSIOLOGICAL aspects of speech - Abstract
Background: Perceptual measures such as speech intelligibility are known to be biased, variant and subjective, to which an automatic approach has been seen as a more reliable alternative. On the other hand, automatic approaches tend to lack explainability, an aspect that can prevent the widespread usage of these technologies clinically. Aims: In the present work, we aim to study the relationship between four perceptual parameters and speech intelligibility by automatically modelling the behaviour of six perceptual judges, in the context of head and neck cancer. From this evaluation we want to assess the different levels of relevance of each parameter as well as the different judge profiles that arise, both perceptually and automatically. Methods and Procedures: Based on a passage reading task from the Carcinologic Speech Severity Index (C2SI) corpus, six expert listeners assessed the voice quality, resonance, prosody and phonemic distortions, as well as the speech intelligibility of patients treated for oral or oropharyngeal cancer. A statistical analysis and an ensemble of automatic systems, one per judge, were devised, where speech intelligibility is predicted as a function of the four aforementioned perceptual parameters of voice quality, resonance, prosody and phonemic distortions. Outcomes and Results: The results suggest that we can automatically predict speech intelligibility as a function of the four aforementioned perceptual parameters, achieving a high correlation of 0.775 (Spearman's ρ). Furthermore, different judge profiles were found perceptually that were successfully modelled automatically. Conclusions and Implications: The four investigated perceptual parameters influence the global rating of speech intelligibility, showing that different judge profiles emerge. The proposed automatic approach displayed a more uniform profile across all judges, displaying a more reliable, unbiased and objective prediction. The system also adds an extra layer of interpretability, since speech intelligibility is regressed as a direct function of the individual prediction of the four perceptual parameters, an improvement over more black box approaches. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on this subject: Speech intelligibility is a clinical measure typically used in the post‐treatment assessment of speech affecting disorders, such as head and neck cancer. Their perceptual assessment is currently the main method of evaluation; however, it is known to be quite subjective since intelligibility can be seen as a combination of other perceptual parameters (voice quality, resonance, etc.). Given this, automatic approaches have been seen as a more viable alternative to the traditionally used perceptual assessments. What this study adds to existing knowledge: The present work introduces a study based on the relationship between four perceptual parameters (voice quality, resonance, prosody and phonemic distortions) and speech intelligibility, by automatically modelling the behaviour of six perceptual judges. The results suggest that different judge profiles arise, both in the perceptual case as well as in the automatic models. These different profiles found showcase the different schools of thought that perceptual judges have, in comparison to the automatic judges, that display more uniform levels of relevance across all the four perceptual parameters. This aspect shows that an automatic approach promotes unbiased, reliable and more objective predictions. What are the clinical implications of this work?: The automatic prediction of speech intelligibility, using a combination of four perceptual parameters, show that these approaches can achieve high correlations with the reference scores while maintaining a certain degree of explainability. The more uniform judge profiles found on the automatic case also display less biased results towards the four perceptual parameters. This aspect facilitates the clinical implementation of this class of systems, as opposed to the more subjective and harder to reproduce perceptual assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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46. Module partition for complex products based on stable overlapping community detection and overlapping component allocation.
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Liu, Zhenyu, Zhong, Pengcheng, Liu, Hui, Jia, Weiqiang, Sa, Guodong, and Tan, Jianrong
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MODULAR design , *GENETIC algorithms , *AUTOMATION , *GRINDING machines - Abstract
The rationality of product module partition is crucial to the success of modular design. The correlations between components of complex products are complex, increasing the difficulty of module partition. Thus, many existing methods of module partition have difficulty realizing this process effectively for complex products with a large number of components. This paper proposes a module partition method for complex products based on stable overlapping community detection and overlapping component allocation. The correlations between components are analyzed to obtain a comprehensive correlation strength matrix. The undirected weighted network is used to represent components and the correlations between them. A stable overlapping community detection algorithm based on the improved judgement of within-community Shapley values is proposed to generate multiple preliminary schemes of module partition. Overlapping components among modules are allocated to the most suitable modules by adopting a genetic algorithm (GA). The scheme with the largest modularity measure Q is selected as the final scheme of module partition. The proposed method is applied to a computer numerical control (CNC) grinding machine. The proposed module partition method for complex products is demonstrated to be superior to other effective methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. A novel probabilistic modeling for multilateral random attacks in cyber‐physical system reliability analysis.
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Huang, Jiayue, Yang, Jianfeng, Zheng, Zhoutao, and Qiu, Zhengxia
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CYBER physical systems , *RELIABILITY in engineering , *INFORMATION technology , *MODERN society , *AUTOMATION , *COMMUNICATIONS industries - Abstract
Cyber‐Physical Systems (CPS) are at the forefront of the intersection between information technology and physical operations, revolutionizing industries such as communication, automation, control, and intelligent transportation. However, evaluating the reliability of CPS, especially in the presence of multilateral random attacks, poses a complex challenge. This paper introduces an inventive probabilistic modeling approach to enhance the analysis of CPS reliability under the influence of multilateral random attacks. We provide an overview of fundamental CPS concepts and their significant role in modern society, followed by a comprehensive exploration of multilateral random attacks. Our novel probabilistic modeling approach is presented as a means to improve the accuracy and robustness of CPS reliability assessments when faced with multilateral random attacks. Numerical experiments and simulations validate the effectiveness of our innovative approach, emphasizing its potential to fortify the reliability of Cyber‐Physical Systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. In-vehicle displays for driving automation: a scoping review of display design and evaluation using driver gaze measures.
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Kanaan, Dina, Powell, Mattea, Lu, Michael, and Donmez, Birsen
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GAZE , *AUTOMATION , *EVIDENCE gaps , *EYE tracking , *BRAKE systems - Abstract
Recent research has extensively examined in-vehicle display designs for supporting the operation of driving automation. As automation relieves drivers from various driving tasks including vehicle control (e.g. steering, accelerating, and braking), driving performance measures (e.g. speed, lane deviations) may not be informative indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of in-vehicle displays. Gaze-based measures are a better alternative given their link to driver visual attention, an indication of driver engagement. A scoping review was conducted to review the literature on the design of displays for supporting the operation of driving automation and the evaluation of these displays using gaze-based measures. Forty-three articles were included in the review. Most of the studies investigated visual (and mixed visual-auditory) displays that provide alerts to the driver for when to intervene automation classified as Level 3. The adopted gaze measures mostly relied on static areas of interest (AOIs), with fewer studies looking at more fine-grained, context dependent AOIs. The paper summarises the findings of the review, including research trends and gaps, as well as recommendations for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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49. Experimental analysis of road characteristics' impact on the performance of lane support system.
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Cafiso, S., Farah, H., Ghaderi, O., and Pappalardo, G.
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RURAL roads , *ROAD maintenance , *TRAFFIC safety , *ROAD markings , *ROAD construction , *TRANSPORTATION safety measures , *AUTOMATION , *HORIZONTAL wells - Abstract
The development and integration of automated driving systems in vehicles hold substantial promise for fostering enhanced efficiency, environmental sustainability, and safety in transportation. Notably, at the lower levels of automation (LI, L2), the lane-keeping system emerges as a widely adopted automated driving feature, ensuring the vehicle's alignment within its designated lane. With the recent introduction of new European regulations mandating the inclusion of emergency lane-keeping systems in all new vehicles starting July 2022, a growing prevalence of such systems is anticipated in the forthcoming decades. The precision and reliability of these systems in accurately detecting road markings and their distinctive features are paramount for achieving safe and intelligent mobility solutions. To fully capitalize on the advantages these systems offer, they need to expand their operational design domain. This necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their performance across diverse road design and maintenance conditions, supporting road operators in updating standards and maintenance protocols. The primary objective of this study is to investigate how various road characteristics impact the performance of lane-keeping assistant systems. Within this framework, the paper presents an experimental evaluation of Lane-Keeping System (LSS) performance conducted on two-lane rural roads. Advanced technologies for road monitoring and LSS were employed under different road and driving conditions. Through rigorous data analysis and the application of statistical models, variables significant to the fault probability of LSS were identified, highlighting the role played by horizontal curvature and driving speed. Results underscore the relevance of horizontal curvature as a critical factor constraining the physical infrastructure, shaping the operational design domain of LSS. This research contributes valuable insights toward optimizing lane-keeping assistant systems, thereby advancing the development and deployment of safe and efficient automated driving systems in diverse road scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
50. Automated radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation of two new PSMA-617 derivatives radiolabelled via [18F]AlF2+ method.
- Author
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Iannone, Marco Nicola, Valtorta, Silvia, Stucchi, Stefano, Altomonte, Stefano, Turolla, Elia Anna, Vino, Elisa, Rainone, Paolo, Zecca, Valentina, Lo Dico, Alessia, Maspero, Marco, Figini, Mariangela, Bellone, Matteo, Ciceri, Samuele, Colombo, Diego, Chinello, Clizia, Pagani, Lisa, Moresco, Rosa Maria, Todde, Sergio, and Ferraboschi, Patrizia
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RADIOCHEMICAL purification , *SALIVARY glands , *ORGANIC synthesis , *PROSTATE cancer , *PLASMA stability , *ANDROGENS - Abstract
Background: In the last decade the development of new PSMA-ligand based radiopharmaceuticals for the imaging and therapy of prostate cancer has been a highly active and important area of research. The most promising derivative in terms of interaction with the antigen and clinical properties has been found to be "PSMA-617", and its lutetium-177 radiolabelled version has recently been approved by EU and USA regulatory agencies for therapeutic purposes. For the above reasons, the development of new derivatives of PSMA-617 radiolabelled with fluorine-18 may still be of great interest. This paper proposes the comparison of two different PSMA-617 derivatives functionalized with NODA and RESCA chelators, respectively, radiolabelled via [18F]AlF2+ complexation. Results: The organic synthesis of two PSMA-617 derivatives and their radiolabelling via [18F]AlF2+ complexation resulted to proceed efficiently and successfully. Moreover, stability in solution and in plasma has been evaluated. The whole radiosynthesis procedure has been fully automated, and the final products have been obtained with radiochemical yield and purity potentially suitable for clinical studies. The biodistribution of the two derivatives was performed both in prostate cancer and glioma tumour models. Compared with the reference [18F]F-PSMA-1007 and [18F]F-PSMA-617-RESCA, [18F]F-PSMA-617-NODA derivative showed a higher uptake in both tumors, faster clearance in non-target organs, and lower uptake in salivary glands. Conclusion: PSMA-617 NODA and RESCA derivatives were radiolabelled successfully via [18F]AlF2+ chelation, the former being more stable in solution and human plasma. Moreover, preclinical biodistribution studies showed that [18F]F-PSMA-617-NODA might be of potential interest for clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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