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According to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), every child has the right to be heard and express their views in matters that concern them. Yet, participation is one of the most debated aspects of the UNCRC. Although children's participation is a statutory requirement of Finnish early childhood education and care (ECEC) and schools, educators are often unfamiliar with how to meet the demands of participation. In this study, we examined what kinds of counter discourses about the realization of children's participation could be differentiated in interviews with present and future education professionals who took part in a study program focusing on knowledge and skills regarding young children's rights and participation. The data, which consisted of individual and group interviews with 31 participants, were analyzed with discourse analysis. Three counter discourses were identified: unrealized, adult-defined, and elusive participation. The discourses illuminated various dilemmas in children's participation. Awareness of such dilemmas enables the development of pedagogical practices that enhance children's wellbeing and rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]