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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem related to adverse results of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), kidney failure, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and premature death. The study is aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward the prevention and early detection of chronic kidney disease. Two ordinal variables and one nominal response variable with 20 predictor variables were independently fitted. Ordinal multicategories , such as proportional odds, continuation ratio, and partial proportional models for attitude and practice, whereas the baseline multicategory logit model for knowledge was fitted. The findings implied that some predictors have a significant effect on attitude, whereas other covariates have a significant effect on practice. Moreover, as there are two independent logit models for the nominal response, in the first logit model Monthly income and Diabetes2, whereas in the second logit model, Smo_R_CKD3 and Diabetes2 have a significant effect on knowledge. In conclusion, more educated ones have more knowledge and attitude toward the prevention and early detection of chronic kidney disease, also more likely to perform preventive and early detecting practices. People are inadequately informed on the prevention and early detection of CKD, especially those who are with low income, are at risk of developing CKD and its complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most common hereditary kidney diseases, which is characterized by progressive cyst growth and secondary hypertension. In addition to cystogenesis and renal abnormalities, patients with PKD can develop vascular abnormalities and cardiovascular complications. Progressive cyst growth substantially alters renal structure and culminates into end-stage renal disease. There remains no cure beyond renal transplantation, and treatment options remain largely limited to chronic renal replacement therapy. In addition to end-stage renal disease, patients with PKD also present with hypertension and cardiovascular disease, yet the timing and interactions between the cardiovascular and renal effects of PKD progression are understudied. Here, we review the vascular dysfunction found in clinical and preclinical models of PKD, including the clinical manifestations and relationship to hypertension, stroke, and related cardiovascular diseases. Finally, our discussion also highlights the critical questions and emerging areas in vascular research in PKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]