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The aim of this study is to research the selection and use of material process in the "Turkish Language and Turkish Culture" courses provided for the third and fourth generation Turks living in Germany, as well as the problems and/or the deficiencies arising during their use. Concurrently, the paper evaluates the teachers' opinions and approaches. According to the data obtained through questionnaires and interviews from teachers working in different states of Germany during the 2016-2017 academic year, almost all teachers believe in the importance of selecting and using course materials in achieving targeted success in the "Turkish Language and Turkish Culture" courses. Based on the answers, the primary goals of the selection, development and use of materials were to "Endear the Turkish language and to cultivate language awareness" as well as "Arouse student's interest". However, according to the data, the most widely used material was the whiteboard. Thus, the teachers asserted the inadequacy of support for material development and use, provided by Turkey and stated that the schools in which they worked in Germany were insufficient to provide the necessary conditions. In this regard, it should be underlined that besides increasing in-service training, it would be beneficial to improve physical conditions and increase financial support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the influence of high and low context communication on the behavior of using impression management tactics of Turkish people who returned from Austria and Germany. The study's hypotheses have been tested on 51 employees working in Turkey. Data of the study was collected through an online survey. Reliability analyses have been performed and scales proved reliable. Statistical relationships have been tested with Pearson correlation analyses. Following the results of the study, it could be determined that there is a statistical relationship between communication style and impression management positively at the high context dimension and negatively at the low context dimension. Another meaningful finding of the study occurred by conducting the paired-samples t-test. Turkish employees who came from Austria and Germany on the one hand perceived Austria and Germany with low context and low impression management tactics, on the other hand, they detected Turkey with high context and much engagement in impression management tactics. The results of the study show that low-context communication is preferred in Germany and Austria and high context communication in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Prussian tradition in Ottoman military modernization began with Captain Helmuth von Moltke. Approximately a century after the activities of the delegation headed by Helmuth von Moltke in the Ottoman army, advisors from Germany were re-assigned by the Republic of Turkey at various levels of the army. Compared to previous military delegations, German consultants, whose duties were limited to lecturing at military academies on paper, resigned from their official duties in Germany. They have signed special agreements with the Turkish Armed Forces that do not bind their own countries and military institutions, and have served in Turkey for a wage higher than the salary they earned in their country. Between 1925 and 1939, apart from the military attachés in the German embassies in Turkey, 36 German served in Turkish Military and Naval War Schools. Among these, Hilmar von Mittelberger is the most prominent name with his works that he left behind in a short period of 7 years, with his last position in Germany with the rank of lieutenant general. The German general, who returned to his country with the beginning of the Second World War, attended the talks about Turkey at the headquarters of his country's general staff, where he informed the generals of the German army about Turkey's defense power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]