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This paper identifies the characteristics of expressionism and presents perspectives of various artists concerning Christianity and their reasons for depicting the Crucifixion. Examples of works by artists such as Emil Nolde, March Chagall, Georges Henri Rouault, Wasily Kandinsky, Wilhelm Morgner, Oscar Kokoschka and Otto Dix help to illustrate and explain the relationship between expressionism and Christianity. In a period of technological development, during which the agonies of warfare were commonplace, the expressionists recognised a descent towards evil and searched for ways to warn society. They rejected all forms of slavery and aimed to create a new type of human for whom humanitarian feelings were dominant, at peace instead of at war. Christianity was accepted by them as the greatest power to be perceived and experienced properly as a religion. Depictions of the Crucifixion were used as a symbol to represent these emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This conceptual paper intends to examine what the concept of lifelong learning is; to see how the European Union member states reflect the concept into their educational policies, and make some implications. In this respect, the concept which is a much debated question for being an unclear term is argued out in its historical development considering its differences from other close concepts. Also, during its process of establishing a union, the European Union's lifelong learning theories and practicing the concept are discussed with some examples from member states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether art is an artistic pleasure or a social means which provides social benefit, has been argued for centuries. As it is described "Is art for art or for society", had various supporters, spokemen since the Tanzimat period. Two significant supporters of the "society" camp are Ahmet Mithat in Tanzimat period and Hekimoğlu İsmail in our age. Ahmet Mithat (1844-1912) published many newspapers, magazines in order to educate people and also wrote 40 novels, 4 voluminious story books, and tried his hand in literary genres like drama, memoirs, history and letters. Hekimoğlu İsmail (Ömer Okçu) was born in 1932, his writing career started in 1960's. He wrote under several nicknames in order to avoid government pressure. Even after he was established as a well-received, established writer he kept his nickname, inspired from his grandfather "Hekimoğlu İsmail" and wrote a total number of 58 books including novels, stories, research, biographies and children books. The aim of these two prolific, different period artists is to find solutions for the social problems by their pens. The aim of our essay is to figure out differences and significant similarities in these two autodidact writer's art life, art wiev, literary genres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]