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There have been several overlapping crises in North Africa in recent decades. The social contract is in crisis, and this became clear during the antiauthoritarian uprisings of 2011 and 2019. In addition, the region is locked in a socioeconomic crisis that deepened after the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and has been aggravated by the global impacts of Russia's invasion of Ukraine. This paper underscores the need to reflect on the legitimation of the North African elites in this context, looking at the connection between the domestic and international spheres. It also presents various legitimation strategies that take in the interaction between the domestic and external spaces. This approach seeks to enrich the debate on the relationship between authoritarianism, its legitimation and the international dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is democracy's place in the shifting international order? There is a fear that a more geopolitical order will only aggravate the general crisis of democracy; or that a more plural order will dilute the efforts to defend the rules governing it. Yet, while recent political and normative trends corroborate this concern, the Russian invasion of Ukraine has in some ways given greater prominence to the defence of democratic values around the world. This paper explores the impact that geopolitical tensions and shifting international order on global democracy. And in the context of the crisis of meaning affecting democracies, it examines whether Russia's war in Ukraine has served both as a catalyst of the international dimensions of support for democracy and as a factor magnifying its fragility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the conflict between Ukraine and Russia -from 2014 to mid-2022- and its impact on the international community. In turn, different episodes that occurred in the context of the conflict will be presented, from the perspective of International Humanitarian Law. Finally, the possible outcomes will be evaluated within the framework of International Criminal Law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ostensibly, Joe Biden's victory over Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential elections should have placed United States international policy back on a familiar path. However, despite the prevalence of a highly traditional vision of US foreign policy, the Biden administration has maintained significant continuities with the previous administration, as reflected in the policy towards China and the withdrawal from Afghanistan. In part, this is due to the constraints produced by the deep divisions that exist at domestic level. This paper aims to unravel the fundamental elements of Biden's foreign policy, focusing on possible ideological and doctrinal elements, strategic priorities, and any continuities and changes relative to his predecessor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reviews pressing issues related to corporate taxation in the oil industry amid the financial crisis, sanctions imposed against Russia, and low oil prices. It pays special attention to the analysis of the first results of the tax reform and to the introduction of a profit-based tax. The main goal of the research is to develop and implement a modern and efficient tax regime that would ensure a continuous and stable flow of tax revenues to the national budget and contribute to the long-term development of the national oil industry. The subject of the study is the current issues of oil taxation, in particular, the application of the taxation mechanism of the financial results of oil companies and the reform of the taxation system of export duties to the oil refining industry. The article presents the ways of effective tax policy for the qualitative development of oil sector enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pacifism in Russia has historically been weak due to several factors, among which the scares development of civil servative ideology of the maiority of their citizens and the authoritarian nature of their different governments and regimes stand out. Despite the previously described facts, this region has also made surprising and valuable contributions to the cause of peace throughout history, which are worth rescuing and are depicted in this article as precedents of the present day local peace movement. Later on, this paper introduces and describes the current struggle of peace groups both in Russia and Ukraine, emphasizing how activism against the War in Ukraine is particularly complicated in the repressive context of nationalism and war-mongering exaltation in these countries, as well as in an international scenario of crisis of pacifism and boom of narratives that promote the rearmament of the West for fear of the military and economic development of Russia and China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the evolution of the European security system and its evolution since the end of the Cold War. Also, the consequences that the Ukraine crisis of 2014 and currently the invasion of Russia have had. This system has three fundamental actors: NATO, the EU and Russia, the first being the nuclear piece of the system. Since 1990, the main characteristic of the security system has been an imbalance of power and different processes of inclusion and exclusion concerning Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2014 and Russia's annexation of Crimea and the start of hostilities in Donbass, the West has shown unprecedented solidarity in imposing sanctions on Russia. Yet Asia-Pacific's response to the Ukraine crisis has been different. While Japan and New Zealand imposed symbolic sanctions, South Korea refrained from introducing any measures at all. The main objective of this paper is to explore the response of the Asia-Pacific region to the Ukrainian crisis and the underlying motivations behind these stances. From a perspective of sanctions coordination and alliance behaviour theory, this paper examines the interaction between domestic and international factors when states decide whether (or not) to join international sanctions coalitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the effects on Belarus of European Union (EU) sanctions against Russia, on the one hand, and Russian sanctions on Ukrainian and EU goods, on the other. International sanctions opened up new political and economic opportunities that the Belarusian authorities sought to capitalise on. But Minsk's attempts to swim between two waters (retaining the benefits Moscow offered while improving relations with the EU) have backfired and distrust towards Minsk has grown in Moscow, Brussels and Kiev. A theoretical approach is made to the foreign policy of small states, before this paper shows how Belarus has been harmed by its attempts to take advantage of EU and Russian sanctions regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the complexity of the current world, mentioning the pandemic and the war between Russia and Ukraine as events that have had a profound impact on society. It also mentions the concentration of vaccines in advanced countries and the blocking of access to vaccines produced by Russia and China. Despite these challenges, the magazine Gestión y Estrategia continues to publish relevant articles, such as one about the role of women leaders in companies and another about regaining control in the provision of healthcare services. The text presents several research papers on different topics, such as recentralization in the healthcare sector in Mexico, the regressiveness of the Mexican social security system towards independent workers, the self-adaptive capacity of an insurance company, and the relationship between people and their pets. [Extracted from the article]

The Russian Federation (Russia) has two enormous economic challenges: to advance into transition towards a market economy and to design and maintain a trade policy that strengthens its productive apparatus. These challenges have generated political, productive and commercial tensions both with its partners in the Euro Asian Economic Union (EAEU) and with other countries. Foreign-oriented economic reforms with trade and investment liberalization, accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the entry which came into force on January 1, 2015 of the Treaty establishing the UEEA are key to the economic analysis and the results obtained. The objective of this paper is to propose the analysis of these three elements: economic reforms, WTO and UEEA commitments as the sources of economic results and the future perspectives of Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Victor von Richter (1841-1891) was one of the important chemists of the second half of the 19th century. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Richter and his writing activities, in particular with his chemistry textbooks for higher education, well-known in different countries. In addition, his research activities is briefly described, and especially the chemical reactions named after him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the "Matter concerning the immobilization of three Ukrainian warships (Ukraine v. Russian Federation), Provisional Measures", this paper analyzes the provisional measures, as an incidental procedure, and, in particular, the main ways that the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (TIDM) must travel within the framework of paragraph 5 of article 290 of the Convention. In particular, it is about examining state declarations formulated in light of article 287 of the Convention; the prima facie jurisdiction of the Arbitral Tribunal set forth in Annex VII of the Convention, including its intricacies such as, for example, the position of Ukraine and the Russian Federation with respect to the Convention and other legal norms presumably applicable to the case; the legal conditions that underlie the prescription of provisional measures; and finally, the fulfillment of such measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the war between Ukraine and Russia in the Donbass and the earlier crisis over Crimea, this paper examines four speeches by Vladimir Putin to identify and map populist elements in his discursive and formal strategies of justifying and creating a specific form of conflict. The analysis shows how this populism goes beyond the people/establishment dichotomy and is based on complex notions of enmity and alliance, a very broad definition of the Russian nation, a new division of the political space, and the introduction of new symbols of unity and the reaffirmation of old ones beyond the borders of today's Russia. This casts a new shadow over Russian foreign policy in the post-Soviet space. Clarity is sought on questions about the Ukrainian conflict, but it is also hoped new elements will be brought to the existing literature on populism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The boards of directors are subject to strong political and contextual pressures that on one side, make difficult the practice of an instructional leadership and, on the other, head for a bureaucratic, managerial and perpetualizing development of its function. The situation is revised by means of resources and significant experts from so disparate locations as the United States of America, Finland, Russia or South Africa. The paper also makes evident the role the main international journals about that field are playing, being one of them directed by one of this paper's author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the author argues that Russian policy- and opinion-makers, having borrowed the concept of multipolarity from the (neo)realist vocabulary, very often they use it in a much broader sense of narratives on Russian identity and subjectivity and, therefore, attach to it quite different non-realist meanings, which include issues of identity and non-state actorship. What hides beneath the pretended realist wording of Russian discourse is a much more complicated and variegated -though not always consistent- set of policy imageries. Against this background, the Russian discourse on multipolarity reminds a patchwork of scattered and loosely tied "cognitive maps", based upon -and sustained by- certain visions of the world in the diversity of its actors. Since multipolarity originates in the sphere of ideas, it would be quite logical to assume that at certain time there might be more than one pattern of multipolar arrangements. Each of them gives a different answer to the question of what poles, nation states, regions, civilizations, or integrative constructs like EU and CIS are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russian foreign policy is judged by the Western world on the basis of a series of depreciatory adjectives. The aim of this paper is to effect an historical review of the Russian (and Soviet) perception of their frontier. The Russian frontier is continually changing; and the country has been both invader as well as invaded. For historical reasons, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union kept both a close watch and a strong control over the Soviet frontier, to the point of rendering it almost impenetrable. During the early years of transition, border policies relaxed consederably, to the point of instability and placing the Russian Federation on the verge of balkanization. Both Putin and Medvedev put a stop to this process. Now, partially as a result of Western pressure and reluctance to cooperate, Russia has undertaken an aggressive border policy that threatens expansion. The enormous Russian diaspora has turned out to be a successful justification for the expansion of the Russian border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]