Search

The continuous advancement of nanotechnology and its applications in the improving of agriculture are a reality; however, the information about the impact of this technology on biomolecular systems is limited. The aim of this paper is to construct, from a molecular point of view, an overview of the current state of researches around the metal nanoparticles effect on microorganisms (MOs) and thereby to contribute, from a theoretical basis, in the understanding of the possible interactions that take place between these materials and MO biomolecular systems when such substances are released to the environment, particularly in agroecosystems used for the food production. It is concluded that uncertainty associated with the effect of metal nanoparticles (M-NPs) on MOs is still very wide, and in consequence, further studies should be performed. In general terms, the M-NPs can interact with biomolecules using different mechanisms which can operate simultaneously, with a broad range of variables determining its effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microencapsulation of peptides and proteins has recently become a relevant alternative to develop novel drug-delivery systems. Among techniques designed to microencapsulate substances of different nature, the interfacial polymerization, spray-drying and solvent evaporation techniques are those most widely studied for encapsulation of biomolecules. The double emulsion/solvent evaporation procedure is most commonly applied for this kind of product that is available in the market. On the other hand, this method of protein encapsulation is a rather complex process, involving several factors that determine the properties of the final product and the stability of the encapsulated molecule. In this paper, we offer an updated overview on the use of microspheres as systems for the controlled release of proteins and peptides, the main techniques used for microencapsulation of such biomolecules, and the parameters considered for characterizing the microspheres and the encapsulated protein. Experimental conditions influencing their stability during the double emulsion/solvent evaporation microencapsulation procedures, and strategies used to preserve and stabilize the physicochemical and biological properties of the encapsulated proteins are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]