204 results
Search Results
2. ¿Neutralidad de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible? La crítica necesaria.
- Author
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Pérez Soto, Olga and Medina Valdés, Zoe
- Subjects
- *
POWER (Social sciences) , *SUSTAINABLE development , *ECONOMICS , *SOCIALISM , *LOGIC , *SOCIAL reproduction , *COUNTRIES - Abstract
In September 2015, the 2030 Agenda was presented, which establishes the 17 Sustainable Development Goals that all countries and stakeholders must meet by the year 2030. It is an apparently transformative and inclusive proposal; however, interpreting its essence is of notable importance for underdeveloped societies, since it reveals that the agenda favors capital management. This paper addresses, from the critique of political economy, the essence of the «new» agenda. Although it recognizes that the SDGs can constitute a step forward in overcoming many of the problems inherent to under development, it states that the SDG respond to power relations corresponding to the logic of reproduction of capital on an international scale. Fulfillment of the SDGs must have as basis the distinction between essence and appearance, only then can it truly contribute to the development of nations, and especially those that advocate the socialist alternative to the logic of capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
3. Habermas: Tras un diagnóstico, un principio universal: la razón comunicativa.
- Author
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González, Wilfredo
- Subjects
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CROSS-cultural differences , *ECONOMICS , *MODERNITY , *PHILOSOPHY , *LIBERTY , *PROMISES , *LANGUAGE & languages , *CRISES , *ETHICS , *DIAGNOSIS , *REASON , *COMMUNICATIVE action , *CLIMATE change denial - Abstract
In the first part of this paper, a "Habermas-way" diagnosis is made: uncertainty as the climate of an interconnected world without a common basis, the crisis of successful "Enlightened Reason", including its techno-scientific expression, and critical reason. In the second part, it discusses the paradoxical outcome of modernity and its unfulfilled promises, as well as the crisis of modern reason which, despite the postmodern reaction, addresses the search for the foundation of discourse ethics and the problem of presuppositions, demonstrably valid norms, the importance of language, communicative action and parliamentarism. The third section presents three final reflections, including the need to continue the struggle for emancipation, the complexity of putting this diagnosis into practice, and the criticism that Habermas has received for ignoring cultural differences and reducing communication to a linguistic exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. La economía política del crecimiento económico: la inestabilidad fundamental y el caso del supermultiplicador Sraffiano.
- Author
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Morillo Martínez, Oscar Esteban
- Subjects
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ECONOMICS , *ECONOMIC expansion , *ECONOMIC equilibrium , *NEOCLASSICAL school of economics , *ECONOMIC policy , *ECONOMISTS - Abstract
In this paper, we develop the idea of the Sraffian Supermultiplier, presenting it as an alternative to traditional neoclassical thought about economic growth and economic policy. Thus, a brief introduction is made about the importance of economic growth for classical economists, followed by the development of Harrod's model and the different solutions that have raised for sorting the problem of instability. Finally, we present the supermultiplier model of Serrano together with international empirical evidence that supports it and some proposals of economic policy are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Análisis bibliométrico e identificación de perspectivas de investigación en la relación mercadeo y producción.
- Author
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Alzate, Paola, Rojas, Luz A., and Meneses, Julieth F.
- Subjects
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COUNTRY of origin (Immigrants) , *NEW product development , *MARKETING , *MARKETING theory , *DATABASES - Abstract
The combination of marketing and production integrates functions that generate profits in the business environment and provide organizational value toward a competitive advantage in the sector. Identifying opportunities in the design of new products corresponds to a task consistent with studying the factors involved in the strategies of participation and competitiveness in the different markets. The challenge is to determine the incidence factors in the productive processes and marketing activities, for which the objective of this study was to identify and analyze the most outstanding scientific publications between 2000 and 2021 in the Scopus database to establish the attributes of the most significant scientific relevance called research perspectives. Methodologically, a scientific mapping and network study was carried out to determine the documents and essential characteristics such as number of publications, most relevant authors, H index, institution of belonging, and countries of origin. Likewise, the tree metaphor and the R-studio software were applied to identify basic articles, structure, current articles, and research perspectives. The results suggest the existence of three lines of research that relate to the success of marketing and production: theories of production and marketing, optimal control of systems, and relationship models. Finally, an agenda of papers concerning future lines of research is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
6. ¿INSTITUCIONES DEL PUEBLO, POR EL PUEBLO Y PARA EL PUEBLO? EL PODER Y LA RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL DE LOS BANCOS CENTRALES EN UNA DEMOCRACIA.
- Author
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Rochon, Louis-Philippe and Vallet, Guillaume
- Subjects
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CENTRAL banking industry , *SOCIAL responsibility , *POWER (Social sciences) , *BANKING industry , *INCOME distribution , *MONETARY policy , *DEMOCRACY , *ECONOMICS , *ETHICS - Abstract
This paper sheds light on an overlooked issue in economics, namely the social responsibility of central banks in a democracy. We consider central banks as institutions of power, and, as such, neither are they nor their policies neutral, in the sense that there are inevitable winners and losers. We explain why and how their power should be regulated and controlled by society. Specifically, we focus on the income distributive nature of monetary policy to demonstrate this assertion. From this, we explain that the time is ripe to build a new framework for central banking aiming at improving central banks' social responsibility consistent with the spirit of a democratic system, and resting on new rules, new types of inner organization and, more broadly, an ethics of responsibility of a new kind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. KINDLEBERGER, MEHRLING Y ESE PREMIO NOBEL.
- Author
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Tooze, Adam
- Subjects
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REAL economy , *CAPITALISM , *NOBEL Prizes , *SONGS , *ECONOMICS , *HAZARDS , *MACROECONOMICS , *NOBEL Prize winners , *TEAMS , *GREAT Depression, 1929-1939 - Abstract
This paper argues that this year's "Nobel" prize in economics celebrates one of the weakest aspects of modern macroeconomic thinking: its limited ability to understand the macro-financial instability of modern capitalism. Instead of challenging the stubborn refusal to take seriously thinkers who confront the essential importance of finance and its dangers for the modern world, such as Hyman Minsky or Hyun Song Shin, it flaunts the tendency to ignore them. And it argues that if the Prize Committee had wanted to reward those who seek to understand the dynamics of the modern global financial system and its interconnections with the real economy, it should have given it to the BIS team, which dates back to the time of William White, and to academic economists associated with the BIS such as Hyun Song Shin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Redes de poder: consideraciones sobre la élite neoliberal de poder y conocimiento en Guatemala.
- Author
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Fischer, Karin and Waxenecker, Harald
- Subjects
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NEOLIBERALISM , *POWER (Social sciences) , *RIGHT & left (Political science) , *KNOWLEDGE transfer , *SOCIAL science research , *POLITICAL elites , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
Taking Guatemala as a case study, this paper reflects on the neoliberal power and knowledge elite. Based on Michael Mann's theory of social power and research on power structure, as well as network analysis, the study explores Guatemala's domestic network of right-wing/neoliberal think tanks and detects the key links and core nuclei within it. Using real data, the analysis reveals the business connections between the staff of these neoliberal think tanks. The paper is thus the first reflection on those in privileged positions of power within the think tank network and the capacity this gives them to establish contacts and transfer knowledge to the fields of economic and ideological power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. COLONIALIDAD DEL PODER/DESPOJO DE TIERRAS. UNA PERSPECTIVA ESPACIAL DE LA ACUMULACIÓN Y LA GUERRA EN COLOMBIA.
- Author
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Cortés Ramírez, Hernán Alejandro
- Subjects
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LAND use , *SERFDOM , *ECONOMICS , *POWER (Social sciences) - Abstract
This paper exposes a relation between the accumulation and dispossession process of land in Colombia as a product of war, from a perspective of space. The theoretical frame of this paper assumes that coloniality of power is a complex form of dissociation of the land, one that transforms the experience of serfdom. Via reading thinkers like Marx, Harvey, Castro-Gómez, and Mariátegui, this paper problematizes the experiences of dispossession of land in Colombia and the economy of power that it engenders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
10. Políticas públicas, concentración y desarrollo del sistema comunicacional en Argentina (1989-2021). Análisis crítico a través del estudio de caso de Telefónica.
- Author
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Labio-Bernal, Aurora and Fernández, Camila
- Subjects
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TELECOMMUNICATION , *COMMUNICATION policy , *STOCKHOLDERS , *STATE laws , *BUSINESS development , *NATION-state , *ECONOMICS , *MARKET positioning - Abstract
Main telecommunication companies in Argentina have had transnational shareholders since the 1990's and have achieved a very high level of concentration and growth due to national state laws. Telefónica Argentina is one of the most important companies that has been favoured by different governments ensuring a great business development and a dominant market position. This paper presents a critical analysis of the public communication policies in Argentina between 1989 and 2021 using Telefónica as case study, under the political economy perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Petróleo en tiempos de democracia: debates en torno a la extracción y la política en Ghana.
- Author
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Serrano, Alicia Campos and Díez, Ángeles Sánchez
- Subjects
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DEMOCRACY , *NATURAL resources , *PETROLEUM industry , *PRACTICAL politics , *PETROLEUM , *POLITICAL parties , *ECONOMICS , *SOCIAL history , *ELECTIONS - Abstract
By the time oil was discovered off the Ghanaian coast in 2007, the capacity of elections to encourage alternation between government by the two main political parties was already clear. This paper aims to investigate the terms in which the debates have developed around the relationship between natural resources and democracy in Ghana. Three main issues have been addressed: the capacity of democratic institutions to condition and shape the social and political effects of the oil industry in the country; the potentially perverse effects of oil extraction on democratic institutions; and the role of international actors and the international arena in forming the political economy of oil in Ghana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Los factores financieros en la teoría económica del capitalismo.
- Author
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Minsky, Hyman P.
- Subjects
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ECONOMICS , *FINANCIAL institutions , *FINANCE , *CASH flow , *INCOME - Abstract
Based on a reading of Keynes according to which the General theory paves the way for an investment theory of aggregate income and a financial theory of investment, this paper focuses on an issue that is usually ignored by the currently trendy economic theories: the transcendental role played by financial institutions and money in a capitalist economy. Due to a failure of these institutions' assets to perform that induces a diminishment in the flow of cash and increases their aversion to risk, there comes a decrease in the financing of consumption and investment spending through these intermediaries; this, in turn, leads to declines in investment and consumption spending, which affects the flow of profits and wages available. The notion that this economy enjoys a general equilibrium should be discarded; likewise, the quantitative theory of money should be dispensed with. At the same time, once that we eliminate the assumption that the future is perfectly foreseeable, it is possible to conclude that these institutions are inherently plighted by a great uncertainty. The general performance of an economy improves insofar as the state successfully intervenes in order to sustain solvency, strengthening the resources via substantial spending, and does not limit itself to the financing of consumption. This paper considers the financial structure and the flow of income (especially aggregate profits), and then proposes an integrated model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Hegel y la economía política en la escena intelectual alemana. Bases históricas y bibliográficas.
- Author
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Narváez León, Angelo
- Subjects
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HISTORICAL markers , *MERCANTILE system , *FRENCH Revolution, 1789-1799 , *INTELLECTUAL capital , *ECONOMIC reform , *ECONOMICS , *CAPITALISM - Abstract
Between the French Revolution (1789) and the outbreak of the Springtime of the Peoples (1848), European economic thought debated between the defense of protected markets and the proper opening of capitalist markets. In this paper, we address this process specifically in the framework of the German intellectual scene, from the bibliographic debates of the time, as a historical marker for a more complete understanding of the Hegelian conceptualization of political economy, its scope, limitations, and projections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Sraffa: el pensamiento económico como coherencia.
- Author
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Gallardo, Álvaro
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMICS , *NEOCLASSICAL school of economics , *MERCANTILE system , *MICROECONOMICS , *ECONOMISTS , *PROFIT - Abstract
Sraffa rescues the classical analysis and puts it in discussion with mainstream theory. The thesis of this paper is that his ontological analysis, specified in the market snapshot, allows us to understand Sraffa's theoretical position and, in turn, is a method to assess his traditional interpretations as well as the new perspectives arising from the reading of his drafts. Its position is not entirely precise, so it is necessary to include conventions, which open the way to institutional analysis. Finally, starting from the contrast with other interpretations, it proposes to defend the coherence between the vision of the world and the ideas developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. ¿Qué es la economía? Una disciplina política para el mundo real.
- Author
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Galbraith, James K.
- Subjects
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ECONOMICS , *SCHOOL discipline , *SCHOOLS of economics , *INSTITUTIONAL economics , *SOCIAL problems , *ECONOMIC policy , *HEURISTIC , *PUBLIC welfare , *SOCIAL structure , *ECONOMIC competition , *EVOLUTIONARY theories - Abstract
Economics is a policy discipline that deals with the problems of social organization and the general good. It co-evolves with circumstances, and it is historically contingent. The world to which economic policies are ultimately addressed is a complex system. Yet economists seeking to develop appropriate policies are necessarily guided by simplifications and heuristics. The question before the discipline is to decide what sort of simplification is best suited to the task. In the spirit of modern science, this paper argues that appropriate generalizations, simplifications, heuristics, and principles are to be derived from a study of the actual world. While these may deploy mathematical tools and draw on insights from the behavior of mathematical systems, the latter by themselves are inadequate, especially where they start from the dead dogmas of the neoclassical mainstream: ex nihilo nihil fit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. El racismo encubierto en economía.
- Author
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Komlos, John
- Subjects
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POOR people , *RACISM , *INSTITUTIONAL racism , *POVERTY , *ECONOMICS , *INCOME , *INDIGENOUS peoples , *ECONOMIC systems , *SOCIOECONOMICS , *INCOME inequality , *DECISION making - Abstract
Mainstream economic theory is replete with assumptions that feed into structural or systemic racism. It supports an economic system that severely disadvantages people at the lower end of the socio-economic spectrum, which in the U.S. includes a disproportionate number of Hispanics, indigenous people, and descendants of slaves ((would Afro-Americans be more appropriate?)). The paper discusses 15 such assumptions that are generally trivialized, including the crucial role information costs play in decision making. In turn, costly information implies that its acquisition by poor people requires a greater share of their income, making it more difficult for them to make well-informed decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Transformaciones económicas y políticas económicas en Estados Unidos. Recesiones de 1970 a 2020.
- Author
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Fernández Tabío, Luis René
- Subjects
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ECONOMIC change , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
Economic crises can be analyzed as part of the economic cycle and from different theoretical perspectives. The article considers economic crises or recessions, in general, as capitalism's own mechanisms to alleviate its contradictions and restore, at least partially, the previous accumulated imbalances. The period 1970 to 2020 covers eight economic crises, some of which determine changes in the internal structure, economic policy trends and the functioning of the U.S. economy, as the main center of the world economy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the set of economic crises of the last fifty years in a panoramic manner, to evaluate them as part of the process of major economic transformations and associated economic policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
18. Poesía y economía en la Saga de Egill.
- Author
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FRANCISCO BARREIRO, SANTIAGO
- Subjects
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POETRY (Literary form) , *ECONOMICS , *ECONOMIC activity , *SAGAS , *LIFE - Abstract
This paper analyses the relationship between poetry and economics in Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar, a long narrative work in prosimetrum form composed in Iceland during the first half of the 13th Century. The study assesses the role of versifying as an economic activity as well as it provides information about production, consumption and exchange in the poems of the saga. Furthermore, it considers the relationship between the material aspects of life as displayed both in the saga prose and in its poetry. The analysis suggests that both are generally congruent, and thus the saga provides the audience with a sense of narrative and ideological unity in regard to these economic matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Municipalismo y políticas migratorias: análisis de actores clave en Andalucía.
- Author
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Tomé da Mata, Edileny
- Subjects
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EMIGRATION & immigration , *LOCAL government , *POLITICAL science , *SOLIDARITY , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the characteristics and challenges of public and private migration policies developed in Andalusian municipalities. The methodologies focus on bibliographic reviews and dialogue with selected local governments, public and private organizations, and Andalusian universities. It is concluded that local migration policies consider the socio-legal migrant condition in the access to basic rights, that is necessary to go beyond the recreational in the intercultural activities to achieve migrant integration at the local level; and, that a mestizo vision is required at the Andalusian level as a tool to demystify cultural essentialism that makes unfeasible egalitarian intercultural dialogues. The originality of this work lies in a direct dialog with the main local agents in migrant integration in Andalusia, and its limits consist of the need to continue researching the relationship between the intercultural, solidarity economies, decrease, and co-development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. El fútbol como herramienta pedagógica en la enseñanza de dirección de empresas.
- Author
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Aragón, Óscar Gutiérrez, Gómez, Carmen María Vizoso, Gascón, Joan Francesc Fondevila, and Giménez, Gaspar Berbel
- Subjects
- *
TEACHER development , *COLLEGE teachers , *TEACHING methods , *EXPERIMENTAL groups , *INSTRUCTIONAL innovations - Abstract
Following the implementation of the European Higher Education Area, university teachers have had to develop and apply new teaching methods in their educational practice that enable students to learn from a more didactic approach. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the effects of the implementation of teaching innovation projects on academic performance in a sample of 1,546 students from three universities and four different degree programmes. To this end, we studied the performance of an experimental group that carried out a practical activity in which they had to relate the victory of the Spanish national soccer team in the 2010 World Cup in South Africa with how the main functions of a company's management are executed. The experimental group was compared to a control group that studied the same topic in a traditional master class. The results show that the academic performance of the experimental group was superior to that of the control group. Therefore, it is concluded that the development and implementation of teacher innovation projects carried out in the classroom improve the academic performance of university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. CELAC como vehículo estratégico de relacionamiento de China hacia América Latina (2011-2018).
- Author
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Bonilla Soria, Adrián and Herrera-Vinelli, Lorena
- Subjects
- *
REGIONALISM , *ECONOMICS , *POLITICAL integration , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *INTERNATIONAL economic integration , *DECISION making in political science - Abstract
This paper examines China-Latin America relations through the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) in the 2011-2018 period. In this context, the main perspectives on integration and regionalism are discussed, and CELAC is shown to possess the characteristics of a regional body. It is proposed that the relationship China seeks through this body can be explained by its interest in institutionalising a mechanism for rapprochement with Latin America and the Caribbean. It is noted that CELAC is seen by China as a strategic vehicle that allows it to engage bilaterally with various countries and develop an economic strategy under structurally asymmetric conditions. However, its institutional nature has prevented it from serving these interests. As per the methodology, documentary and qualitative data analysis is made using the systematisation of an unpublished database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. EL ESTADO Y LA SOCIEDAD EN LA ECONOMÍA POLÍTICA.
- Author
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Boundi Chraki, Fahd
- Subjects
- *
CIVIL society , *ECONOMICS , *POLITICAL philosophy , *ECONOMIC policy , *PUBLIC spending , *PRICE inflation , *SURPLUS (Economics) - Abstract
As the heir of political philosophy, the English post-commercialist economy and the French physiocracy, since its origin, political economy has integrated production, circulation and the theory of value into the theories of the modern state and capitalist society. In this paper it is argued that, in political economy, the conceptions of the State and of society are related to the theory of surplus. It criticizes the marginilist notion of society, emphasizes the centrality of the theory of surplus, explained in the conflict between State and society, and identifies the limits of the principle of effective demand of Keynes and Kalecki. The main conclusion is that economic policy recommendations based on inflation, wage deflation and containment of public spending goals seek to increase the surplus in the crisis and recession phases of the economic cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. ¿De qué otra forma analizar el Proyecto Mesoamérica? Reflexiones desde la economía política internacional británica.
- Author
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Ruiz Valdes, Michelle and Vázquez Meneley, Sergio
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL competition , *ECONOMICS , *PARTICIPATION - Abstract
Mesoamerica emerged in regional relations thanks to different cooperation strategies between Mexico, Central America, Colombia and the Dominican Republic that have resulted in what is known today as the Mesoamerica Integration and Development Project. However, ten years after its creation, most of the studies in this regard are descriptive and use an institutional approach that does not distinguish other relevant aspects such as the inclusion of nongovernmental actors and their participation in this regional program. In order to make a first approach to these aspects within the Mesoamerica Project, this paper proposes the use of the International Political Economy theoretical approach of British origin, in the interest of identifying those analytical elements that will go beyond the traditional approach and deepen our knowledge of this program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. AMÉRICA LATINA FRENTE AL ESPEJO DEL DESARROLLO DE COREA DEL SUR Y CHINA.
- Author
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Osorio, Jaime
- Subjects
- *
DEVELOPMENTALISM (Economics) , *ECONOMIC development , *ECONOMIC underdevelopment , *AUTHORITARIANISM , *STRATEGIC planning , *CAPITALISM , *FINANCE , *ECONOMICS ,LATIN American economy - Abstract
Will underdeveloped economies be able to achieve development in the twenty-first century? To advance towards a potential response to this question, this paper analyzes some aspects of the development processes of South Korea and China, pointing to the exceptional geopolitical and strategic conditions behind why their models are unsuitable to emulate. It also highlights the state authoritarianism, strict planning and discipline of both the ruling and ruled classes to guide investment and the growth of specific economic sectors. From this perspective, the paper then discusses some proposals formulated for the region by neo-developmentalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. LA ORTODOXIA ECONÓMICA DESALIENTA EL ESTUDIO DEL COMPORTAMIENTO COLECTIVO.
- Author
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van den Berg, Hendrik
- Subjects
- *
NEOCLASSICAL school of economics , *ECONOMICS , *ECONOMIC activity , *ECONOMIC sociology , *PLURALISM - Abstract
Economic thought evolved over the past two centuries to focus on individual behavior as the basis for all economic activity. Some heterodox economists have pointed to the importance of group behavior and the influence of organizations on economic activity, but the neoclassical paradigm, with the rational isolated individual as its main actor, prevails in mainstream economics. This paper presents a "sociology of economics" to explain why the prevailing paradigm of economics does not allow seeing and studying group behavior. Drawing on the work of Pierre Bourdieu, the paper details the habitus, the system of beliefs and the symbolic violence against those who question them. Also, it highlights the support of commercial and financial interests to the dominant culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. CREATIVIDAD, EFICIENCIA Y CONCENTRACIÓN ESPACIAL EN MÉXICO.
- Author
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Borrayo, Rafael and Quintana, Luis
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC competition , *CITIES & towns , *INDUSTRIAL productivity , *METROPOLITAN areas , *CULTURAL industries , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
Regional competitiveness evolves in close parallel to productivity, which, at present, is increasingly tied to creativity and innovation. A range of studies on the theme recognize that the spatial concentration of creativity drives productivity; nevertheless, few have managed to quantify the magnitude of this relationship. Via a stochastic production frontier analysis, this paper evaluates the levels of technical efficiency and productivity found across Mexico's 59 metropolitan regions (mr) and measures the contribution of the creative activities located in each of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
27. ECONOMÍA ÉTNICA TRANSNACIONAL MEXICANA: LOS ÁNGELES, CALIFORNIA.
- Author
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Peraza, Brianda and Valenzuela, Blas
- Subjects
- *
TRANSNATIONALISM , *MEXICANS , *ETHNICITY , *ENTREPRENEURSHIP , *ETHNIC markets , *BUSINESSPEOPLE , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
This research analyzes the nature of the Mexican ethnic economy developing in the cities of Huntington Park and Lynwood, California, in the United States. Using census databases and the results of 145 surveys administered to and 25 interviews with a range of people in 2012, this paper documents the existence of a Transnational Ethnic Economy (TEE), which goes further than the traditional definition of the "ethnic economy" concept" and is organized and develops in such a way that includes individual businesses, businesses with multiple branches, supermarket networks, and a commercial consortium in the study zone, with bonds and relationships that transcend national borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
28. Fusiones horizontales de empresas y estrategias de diferenciación de producto.
- Author
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MÉNDEZ NAYA, JOSÉ
- Subjects
- *
MERGERS & acquisitions , *PRODUCT differentiation , *OLIGOPOLIES , *INTERORGANIZATIONAL relations , *ECONOMIC competition , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
Talcing as a reference a simple oligopoly model with differentiated products, in which there are three firms, the purpose of this paper is to complement the existing literature on mergers by proving that the traditional merger paradox can be avoided by assuming that, after the merger, the merging firms increase the existing bilateral product differentiation. In this context, it is proved that a merger could be welfare enhancing by increasing both consumers surplus and merging and non merging firms profits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
29. Inversión privada, gasto público y presión tributaria en América Latina.
- Author
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FELIPE BRITO-GAONA, LUIS and IGLESIAS, EMMA M.
- Subjects
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PRIVATELY placed securities , *INCOME tax laws , *GOVERNMENT spending policy , *TAX laws , *ECONOMIC policy , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
This paper looks for empirical evidence to show if a very interventionist government stimulates or not private investment in Latin America. Using the same model as Caballew-Urdiales y López-Gallardo (2012), we extend their analysis from five Latin-American countries to all Latin America. The results from our estimated elasticities show evidence in support of three hypothesis: (1) that tax burden (taxes on income and consumption) has significant effects on privateinvestment; (2) that public investment has a crowding out effect with private investment; (3) and that in order to stimulate private investment, the government should have very little intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
30. ¿QUÉ SUCEDIÓ CON EL CASILLERO VACÍO DEL DESARROLLO DE AMÉRICA LATINA 30 AÑOS DESPUÉS?
- Author
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Jaimes, Paola and Matamoros, Guillermo
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC development , *ECONOMICS , *DISTRIBUTION (Economic theory) , *ECONOMIC structure ,LATIN American economy - Abstract
This paper revives Fernando Fajnzylber's methodology, used to characterize Latin America's development pattern from the nineteen-sixties to the nineteen-eighties, leading him to describe it as a non-equitable growth pattern, which he termed the empty box. This time around, we analyze the last thirty years, aiming to reveal how the development pattern in the region has fundamentally changed, if it has changed at all, and find evidence as to whether the empty box, pursuant to its original definition, persists or not. Implicitly, the task is to propose a critical analysis of Latin American economic development in line with a classic structuralist work, as Fajnyzylber's research is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Construcción de comunidades hídricas en México.
- Author
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Becerril-Tinoco, Citlalli Aidee and de Alba Murrieta, Felipe
- Subjects
- *
WATER resources development , *DRINKING water , *COMMUNITIES , *GROUP identity , *WATER supply , *WATER supply management , *MANAGEMENT , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
Taking into account the concept of imagined water communities elaborated by Benedict Anderson (1983) in this paper, we have studied cases about originary communities that have developed identity processes and collective legitimacy forms through the ownership and property of water resources. Through this perspective it was possible to identify how communities located within the State of Mexico territory have gained power and have had empowerment of water resources. These communities have also gained other capabilities such as control, management, access and the collection of water users payment for the drinking water service they receive. Through imagined communities perspective it also helps to identify identity processes and legitimacy processes within originary communities. This paper concludes that access, operation and management of the drinking water supply service by water committees is useful to built water communities that become active participants in the relationship State-nature. This paper was elaborated with information obtained from interviews carried out in 2008, 2009 and 2010 in three communities from the State of Mexico. These communities share similar characteristics in terms of their water management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Ecuaciones diferenciales y en diferencias aplicadas a los conceptos económicos y financieros.
- Author
-
TENORIO VILLALÓN, ÁNGEL F., MARTÍN CARABALLO, ÁNA M., PARALERA MORALES, CONCEPCIÓN, and CONTRERAS RUBIO, IGNACIO
- Subjects
- *
NUMERICAL solutions to differential equations , *FINITE differences , *ECONOMICS , *INDUSTRIAL management , *MATHEMATICAL variables , *FINANCIAL accountability - Abstract
This paper deals with the use of differential equations and finite difference methods for solving several problems in the field of Economics and Business Administration. Economics usually needs to study the evolution of the values which are taken by a given variable in different moments. If the time variable works in a continuous way, its evolution is studied by differential equations. Otherwise, time is a discrete variable and finite difference methods must be used. In addition, to expound the evolution of the notions of differential and difference equations, the goal of this paper is to show a general view (but not comprehensive) of their many applications for explaining economical and financial phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
33. Pobreza al femenino: entre la perspectiva de género y el paradigma del desarrollo.
- Author
-
Paredes Bañuelos, Paloma
- Subjects
- *
DEVELOPMENTALISM (Economics) , *ECONOMIC development & politics , *CROSS-cultural studies on poverty , *GENDER inequality , *POOR women , *GENDER mainstreaming , *ECONOMICS , *SOCIAL conditions of women - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to draw attention on the political origin of the concept of development. It shows that, more than a concept, development could be understood as a paradigm that determines the way we see, define and intervene the world. Moreover, the paper makes a historical review of how gender perspective has been included in the study of poverty, and the resulting policies directed to attend this phenomenon. Additionally, the paper mentions the contributions of gender perspective to the study of poverty in an ampler sense than the intervention one. Finally, it presents further questions about the course that poverty studies with a gender perspective should follow, and the need of a new paradigm -altemative to the development one- that will help us understand, redefine and change social reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
34. FINANCIARIZACIÓN Y SECTOR CARRETERO EN MÉXICO.
- Author
-
Enrique Mendoza, José
- Subjects
- *
FINANCIALIZATION , *INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) , *ROADS , *ROAD construction , *PUBLIC-private sector cooperation , *ECONOMICS ,MEXICAN economy - Abstract
Financialization has transformed public spending into the guarantor of financial profit. One of the expressions of this process is the partnership between public spending and private capital, which has underpinned the securitization of public assets. In the road sector, structured financing constrains the availability of public resources, permits the emergence of new sources of profit for financial monopolistic capital, and drives up the cost of infrastructure. The objective of this paper is to analyze how public-private partnerships (ppp) operate in the Mexican road sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. UN MODELO CcP DEL MERCADO DE VALORES.
- Author
-
Bichler, Shimshon and Nitzan, Jonathan
- Subjects
- *
STOCK exchanges , *POWER (Social sciences) , *CAPITALISM , *VALUATION , *ECONOMIC development , *FINANCIAL crises , *ECONOMIC shock , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
Most explanations of stock market booms and busts are based on contrasting the underlying ‘fundamental’ logic of the economy with the exogenous, non-economic factors that presumably distort it. Our paper offers a radically different model, examining the stock market not from the mechanical viewpoint of a distorted economy, but from the dialectical perspective of capitalized power. The model demonstrates that (1) the valuation of equities represents capitalized power; (2) capitalized power is dialectically intertwined with systemic fear; and (3) systemic fear and capitalized power are mediated through strategic sabotage. This triangular model, we posit, can offer a basis for examining the asymptotes, or limits, of capitalized power and the ways in which these asymptotes relate to the historical and ongoing transformation of the capitalist mode of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. El desafío del gigante chino a Estados Unidos en la posguerra fría: ¿mito o realidad?
- Author
-
Ripoll, Alejandra and Ghotme, Rafat
- Abstract
After twenty-five years of the end of the Cold War, the impact of the rise of China in the international system can be analyzed from material and ideational elements of power. This article seeks to identify whether China's importance is internationally overrated, or if this country can really challenge U.S. hegemony. Most of the literature on Chinese potential has overlooked its internal policy, which is a determining factor in the international system, according to the realist perspective. Using the inductive method, this paper will attempt to establish the causal relation between domestic and international politics. This will highlight China's need to solve border disputes with its neighbors, make a commitment to respect human rights, and solve the needs of a population that is highly dissatisfied with the present government due to inequality and corruption. These factors challenge China in its quest to achieve a new distribution of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Análisis del Efecto Día de Semana en los principales mercados accionarios latinoamericanos: una aproximación mediante el criterio de Dominancia Estocástica.
- Author
-
Kristjanpoller, Werner and Muñoz, Roberto E.
- Subjects
- *
STOCK exchanges , *DAYS , *STOCHASTIC dominance , *EMERGING markets , *ECONOMICS ,LATIN American economy, 1982- - Abstract
In this paper we study the presence of calendar anomalies in the main Latin-American stock markets, for the 1993 to 2007 period. The literature has shown that the detection of those effects may depend on error distribution assumptions (Baker et al., 2008), and that their existence could be due to a problem of data snooping (Sullivan et al., 2001). In response to these problems, Cho et al. (2007) introduced a robust non-parametric test, which was adopted in this paper. Results show that calendar anomalies: Monday and Weekend Effects are present in the main Latin-American stock markets, and they are statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
38. Una mirada a la vivienda, su contexto macroeconómico y su política en la economía social de mercado y en Cuba.
- Author
-
Erich Trefftz, Rudolf
- Subjects
- *
MACROECONOMICS , *HOUSING policy , *ECONOMIC development , *SOCIOECONOMICS , *ECONOMICS ,HOUSING & economics - Abstract
A general overview on the macroeconomic context of housing, as well as general aspects on housing policy and goals are shown in the paper together with their position in different socio-economic systems. Four different sets of variables were identified to make the Cuban housing system possible. These are: tenure, including rights and responsibilities inherent to different forms of possession and other legal aspects; land supply, an important element in housing production as a separate element; promotion, production and distribution as one group and lastly, financing, subsidies and payment. The paper also refers to the revolutionary housing policy measures taken and analyzes today's outcomes and contradictions in housing. Some selected results of a recently carried out survey among Cuban experts on housing policy matters applied by the author are compared to the new economic order introduced by the guidelines for the 6th Party Congress. First implementations of these guidelines into laws, decrees and rules are inserted and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
39. Situación de riesgo por la presencia de COP: evidencias del problema y escenarios de solución.
- Author
-
Nogales, Berenice Octioa, Camarería Gómez, Beatriz Olivia, de Lourdes Gutiérrez Coronado, María, Valenzuela Quintanar, Ana Isabel, and Aldana Madrid, María Lourdes
- Subjects
- *
PERSISTENT pollutants , *POISONS & the environment , *ENVIRONMENTAL regulations , *PUBLIC health , *ECONOMICS ,STOCKHOLM Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2001) - Abstract
This paper presents some preliminary results of the research project entitled 'Development of a methodology for conducting the inventory, characterization and verification of sites potentially contaminated with Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPS) in major agricultural areas of the state of Sonora': First, some approaches that emerge from the risk society regarding environmental issues in general and POPs in particular. Then, an approach to the problem of POPs that gave rise to the Stockholm Convention; the evidence of such a problem in Mexico, in Sonora and the obligations assumed by subscribing to such agreement. Nationally, the emphasis is placed on the analysis of environmental regulations related to toxics, and at state level, evidence shows the presence of POPs and their impact on the environment and on human health. Finally, the paper presents some reflections on the challenges and areas of opportunity for Mexico when dealing with problems associated to the presence of POPS, on the basis of following international guidelines, official regulations and analysis suggestions from the perspective of risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
40. La economía de las redes cerradas de abasto (3a parte).
- Author
-
Martínez Rodríguez, José Bienvenido
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC research , *MATHEMATICAL optimization , *WATER supply , *COST effectiveness , *WATER-pipes , *HYDRAULICS , *MATHEMATICAL models , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
As the classical water-supply looped-network optimization problem is mathematically nonconvex and multimodal, the resulting solution of most approaches is uncertain in the sense of how close it is to the "best" solution. In many cases, this "best"' or "global" solution is invoked and pursued without a clear understanding of its meaning. This paper discusses what is involved in "global" solutions and the role that pipe flow distribution can play to deal with nonconvexity and multimodality in a new context. The author has introduced this new context recently after formulating a new objective function capable of finding that a looped network can be economically more attractive than its related branched one. Therefore, the convenience of an approach dealing with flows and heads, as relevant decision variables, is encouraged in this paper and its advantages enumerated under the new concepts. The entropy approach is studied critically and an example is provided for comparison with the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
41. HECHOS Y PALABRAS: LA REALIDAD COLOMBIANA VISTA A TRAVÉS DE LA PRENSA ESCRITA.
- Author
-
Caicedo, Juan Manuel, Gaviria, Alejandro, and Moreno, Javier
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL science research , *QUANTITATIVE research , *ARCHIVAL research , *ECONOMICS ,ECONOMIC conditions in developing countries - Abstract
This paper presents the first application to Colombia of culturomics, a novel research method in the social sciences that describes cultural, social and linguistics trends based on the quantitative analysis of millions of digitized texts. The paper uses all news and editorials published during the past two decades in three national periodicals in order to analyze the trajectories of several social and economic phenomena: corruption, economic optimism, the relative power of the judicial branch, etc. Beyond its specific findings, this paper showcases how culturomics can be used to describe the changing reality of a developing country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
42. RACIONALIDAD LIMITADA EN LA SOCIEDAD DEL RIESGO MUNDIAL.
- Author
-
Arocena, Francisco Augusto Laca
- Subjects
- *
RATIONAL choice theory , *PREJUDICES , *COGNITIVE psychology , *SOCIOLOGY of risk , *SOCIAL choice , *MODERNIZATION (Social science) , *GLOBALIZATION , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
The economic theory of rational choice was accepted for decades as a general theory to explain human behaviour which other social sciences lack. This paper reviews some limitations of the former. Through cognitive psychology, the paper describes the cognitive biases of people when assessing data and making choices, which puts into question the idea that the human mind is programmed to follow the assumptions of rational choice. On the other hand, the increased risks in modern civilization (monetary, ecological, geopolitical) and their global character define our society as "the society of global risk". The author discusses the limits of our rationality in regard to making choices as a troubling issue for coping with increasing global risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
43. MODELOS CONTABLES Y COMPRENSIÓN DE LA CRISIS FINANCIERA.
- Author
-
Bezemer, Dirk J.
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC models , *ECONOMIC equilibrium , *MATHEMATICAL models , *FLOW of funds , *GLOBAL Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 , *NEOCLASSICAL school of economics , *ECONOMIC policy , *FINANCIAL crises , *ECONOMICS , *PREVENTION ,MATHEMATICAL models of macroeconomics - Abstract
This paper presents evidence that macroeconomic accounting models helped to anticipate the credit crisis and economic recession, whereas equilibrium models, ubiquitous in mainstream policy and research, did not. This study traces the intellectual pedigree of the accounting approach as an alternative to neo-classical economics, and the postwar rise and decline of flow-of-funds models in policy use. The paper includes contemporary case studies of both types of models, and considers why the accounting approach has remained outside mainstream economics. Finally, it provides constructive recommendations for revising financial stability evaluation methods, and advocates an 'accounting of economics'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
44. La evolución del Homo economicus: problemas del marco de decisión racional en Economía.
- Author
-
Maletta, Héctor
- Subjects
- *
NEOCLASSICAL school of economics , *INSTITUTIONAL economics , *EVOLUTIONARY economics , *ECONOMICS ,PERUVIAN economy, 1968- - Abstract
Since its beginnings, and more clearly since the mid 1800, Economics has been resting on the assumption that economic agents make rational decisions, maximizing their utility or well-being according to their own preferences and interests. The economic order resulting from that plurality of rational decisions is regarded as an efficient and Pareto-optimum one. Several authors have questioned the validity of those assumptions, and this has entailed a gradual transformation of the assumptions. This paper discusses the problems faced by the idea of a fully rational Homo economicus, the adjustments and defensive measures adopted by various tendencies within Economics to overcome those problems and counter various related theoretical and methodological criticisms. The paper also discusses more recent conceptions of economic reality that are at variance with the traditional view, especially those linked to behavioural, institutional and evolutionary Economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. LA FORMACION DE LOS ECONOMISTAS EN AMERICA LATINA.
- Author
-
LORA, EDUARDO and ÑOPO, HUGO
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMISTS , *ECONOMICS students , *ECONOMICS education , *LABOR demand , *LABOR market , *CURRICULUM , *EDUCATION - Abstract
This paper presents a comparative view of the training of economists in Latin America, analyzing curricula, commonly utilized textbooks, professors' time-commitments, teaching methods, and the use of technologies and computational tools. Also, following the approach of Colander (2005), the paper presents the results of a survey of Economics students, creating a socioeconomic profile of them and examining their attitudes and opinions. Among the regularities found for the five countries, particularly notable is the lack of connection between students' expectations regarding job market demand for economists and the actual demand by employment sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
46. Choques externos y política monetaria.
- Author
-
Dancourt, Óscar
- Subjects
- *
MACROECONOMICS , *PRICES , *MONETARY policy , *FOREIGN exchange market , *CENTRAL banking industry , *ECONOMICS , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
One goal of this paper is to discussing the macroeconomic impact that an international commodity prices boom has in a small open economy under perfect capital mobility. A Mundell-Fleming model with some adaptations is used for the analysis of this real external shock. There are two effects: the monetary one that is a recessionary impulse, and the one that increases aggregate demand. Also the macroeconomic impact of a real external shock is compared with the effect of a financial external shock (changes in the external rate of interest), in a dollarized economy with a floating exchange rate. The other goal of this paper is to show that central bank sterilized intervention in the foreign exchange market can be an effective policy response to copy with real o financial external shocks. The macroeconomic impact of external shocks depends upon the economic structure, the monetary and fiscal policy mix, and the exchange rate regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. LA TEORÍA DE CONJUNTOS DIFUSOS COMO UNA OPCIÓN PARA MEDIR LA POBREZA: El caso de México.
- Author
-
Morales-Ramos, Marco Antonio and Morales-Ramos, Eduardo
- Subjects
- *
POVERTY research , *POVERTY rate , *FUZZY sets , *POVERTY , *CENSUS , *ECONOMICS ,MEXICAN economy - Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to present fuzzy sets theory as a reliable and straightforward methodology to measure poverty, which offers comparative advantages with respect to traditional methods. This paper also shows that fuzzy sets methodology is compatible with census data information to compute poverty indexes. Results of measuring poverty at state, municipal and town levels are presented for the case of Mexico and are compared with official results. Comparison reveals that fuzzy sets theory is an alternative that solve some of the methodological problems present in poverty lines and marginalization indexes, which makes it a helpful tool to evaluate and implement policies aimed at tackling poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
48. Cooperación y conflicto en las relaciones económicas internacionales.
- Author
-
Steinberg, Federico
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *ECONOMICS , *GAME theory , *HEGEMONY , *POLITICAL science - Abstract
This paper explores why international economic cooperation is both potentially beneficial and difficult to attain in practice. Taking nation states as unitary actors the paper uses game theory to explore the difficulties states face to sustain cooperation over time. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the incentives for following non-cooperative behavior, as well as on problems of time inconsistency. The paper also discusses how the existence of economic hegemonies can facilitate cooperation, as well as how the existence of international regimes and institutions fosters cooperation by modifying the incentives different states face. Thus, cooperation can be facilitated but never ensured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
49. REDISTRIBUCIÓN DE LA RIQUEZA USANDO DERECHOS DE CONSUMO: El caso igualitario.
- Author
-
Martínez C., Francisco and Rivera C., Jorge
- Subjects
- *
WEALTH , *ECONOMIC equilibrium , *CONSUMPTION (Economics) , *ENDOWMENTS , *INCOME inequality , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
The fundamental idea of this paper is the use of a market mechanism to induce a redistribution of wealth in the exchange economy. In this market, operating parallel to the goods market, consumption rights initially assigned by the planner are exchanged freely. Such trades generate a variety of Walras equilibrium solutions, in a way similar to what can be obtained from lump-sum transfers. In this paper we analyze the special case with an egalitarian initial distribution of consumption rights across the population and applying a simple price rule for consumption rights. This case has the advantage that no information of the population's initial endowments is required to induce a redistribution of wealth that reduces the gap between the rich and the poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
50. EL MODELO DE SKAPERDAS Y SYROPOULOS.
- Author
-
López, Leonardo Raffo
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC models , *NASH equilibrium , *GAME theory , *INSTITUTIONAL economics , *ECONOMICS , *MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
This paper offers a detailed presentation of the Skaperdas and Syropoulos model; one of the main models of the theory of conflict and state emergence. First, it describes the model's Nash equilibrium and the relevant effects of comparative analysis. And second, from a new interpretation of the equilibrium and comparisons with other similar models, the paper concludes that it constitutes the most general analytical framework in the subject, which can be understood as the foundations for a general theory of conflict and state emergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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