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This contribution analyzes the role of norms contained in individual administrative acts to determining the content of criminal wrongdoing. The reference to administrative acts raises a series of questions regarding the role of these norms in the configuration of the criminal offense and the extent to which the criminal norm can be determined by the content of said administrative act. This problem cannot be adequately addressed without a reflection on the way in which criminal law interacts with norms and evaluations from other areas of the legal system. Based on a critical analysis of these arguments, this paper provides an alternative explanation regarding the basis and scope of this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes an analysis of the role played by trust relationships and the agent's position in the definition of unjust conduct regarding the crime of disloyal administration in art. 470 N°. 11 Chilean Penal Code. To that effect, the paper critically analyzes dogmatic discourses of national criminal literature and proposes an autonomous reading of the elements of the crime at national level. It is therefore concluded that the incorporation of the general clause “to be in charge” provides a specific and novel content that, interpreted in the form of “responsibility as a role”, introduces the requirement of a normative status. In other words, the crime is not based on the violation of norms of conduct with open or common recipients that refer to the generic role of citizen but rather on specific and institutional norms that refer to the special status of the person in relation to the legal good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extractivist archaeological practices have been carried out in the Atacama Lickanantay territory, Antofagasta region, northern Chile, ever since the 19th century, excluding or denying the voice and/or participation of members of the local indigenous community. However, the beginning of the 21st century saw a change in this sense bringing new experiences of collaboration between Atacameños and archaeologists. Our goal is to reflect on the definitions and applications of collaborative methodologies in archaeological projects, through discussion focusing on the global, through the national and finally the local, from where we approach a particular collaborative project. The research, conducted between early 2021 and mid 2024, studies the history of the collection and patrimonialization of indigenous bodies in the Atacameño Lickanantay territory, and socializes this information among the local communities. Based on this work, we conclude that all research in the territory must involve and be authorized by the Atacameño communities. Also, we consider that the Atacameños should stop being the object of research and instead become researchers who lead or collaborate in the studies within their communities and in their territory. The originality of this paper lies precisely in the fact that it brings a global discussion of contemporary archaeology to a concrete case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides a comparative analysis of the presidential systems of Argentina, Colombia, Chile, and Uruguay, covering the period between 1989 and 2022, with the aim of examining the factors that motivate a person in the head of a ministry to seek the presidential candidacy. The central argument holds that both the incumbent president and the political parties have the purpose of taking advantage of a person's passage through a Cabinet of State to boost his or her presidential candidacy within the political organization. The selected cases are justified due to the existence of historical moments in which ministers have left their posts to compete for the presidency in these countries. The methodology employed in this study follows a multimethod logic. First, quantitative logistic regression analysis is used, followed by qualitative press analysis of ministers' careers to support the theoretical argument. The most notable results highlight that having a political profile, being a member of the president's political party and having held a political ministry are influential factors when running in presidential elections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to assess and improve the impact on reading students' comprehension due to an intervention in two curricular modules, Teorías pedagógicas and Lengua at Teacher's Training of an Instituto de Formación Docente (IFD) in Uruguay. The framework on these studies is based on Academic Literacy, which encompasses the teaching practices needed for reading specialized texts. The method used to quantify changes on reading students' comprehension is a pretest and posttest strategy without control group. Before and after the intervention a reading comprehension test is applied. The results show a statistically significant difference in the mean between the pre and posttest (the difference of 1 and p value equal to 0.003). Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis is accepted which is that the intervention produced change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to propose a sentencing model with a gender perspective for judges, which contributes to guaranteeing the application of women's human rights and reducing errors in sentences, such as: revictimization, poor access to justice, discrimination, as well as gender stereotypes or prejudices that can affect judicial reasoning. The methodological design of this study is based on the qualitative paradigm based on the data collection technique and a descriptive legal content analysis of specialized guidelines in the doctrinal and normative field, as well as thirty sentences for gender-based crimes in the period 2020-2023 issued by the Judicial Branch of the State of Michoacán. As a result, a guide or model of sentencing in criminal matters is proposed so that judges can identify and apply it in cases where gender violence has been proven, this will make it possible to have a more precise and solid judgment in its argumentation, as well as to meet the main criteria for the protection of women's human rights before the corpus iuris of law on the matter [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Describe the characteristics of the different cardiology medical residencies in Latin America. Method: Cross-sectional study that aims to evaluate the characteristics of cardiology residencies in Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America, through self-administered electronic surveys. Results: Three hundred seven residents of 147 residences were surveyed. Mean age was 31 years and 63% were male. Ninety eight percent carry out their training in the capital city. The average total training time is 4.8 years. Forty four percent complete their residency in internal medicine prior to starting cardiology, and 10% have no prior training. In cardiology training is 3 years in most countries. Fifty four percent present academic activities every day and 16% only once or less, consisting of theoretical classes (93%), clinical cases (85%), bibliographic workshops (69%), and writing scientific papers (68%). Supervision is carried out by the chief resident (45%), resident coordinator (44%), resident instructor (27%) or the department head (54%), while 2.6% do not present supervision. The main rotations were echocardiography (99%), hemodynamics (96%), coronary unit (93%), and electrophysiology (92%). Residents highlighted the need to improve academic activities (23%) and scientific production (12%). Conclusions: There are important differences in the academic and practical training between the residences of the different countries of America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the characteristics of Mexico's productive and commercial integration from 1995 to 2018. It offers a framework to understand how the sectors of the Mexican economy are integrated into global value chains (gvc). The methodology developed by Wang, Wei, Yu, and Zhu (2017a and 2017b) is applied to the interregional input-output matrices of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (oecd). With this, two questions are answered: 1) What percentage of production factors used in Mexican sectors have been involved in activities of segmented production or gvc between countries? And 2) what percentage of final products produced by sectors in Mexico come from gvc activities? The results indicate that the sectors of the Mexican economy have higher participation indexes in backward linkages, which shows a higher share of imported intermediate inputs, compared to their respective participation indexes in forward linkages. The latter represents inputs from the country in exports and production of goods from third countries. Additionally, the results indicate that any policy design aimed at promoting specific activities should take into account the increasing integration of countries and their sectors gvc on a global scale, regardless of their level of development. This fact may limit the options for further integrating activities related to gvc with domestic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes empirically the existence of the credit channel of monetary policy in Mexico, that is, the relationship between changes in the target interest rate and variations in credit granted by commercial banks. The study combines aggregate information with data from the individual balance sheets of commercial banks and conducts a panel data regression analysis. The analysis is performed for total credit and its components (business, consumer, and mortgage). Additionally, by using banks' accounting information, it explores whether the transmission mechanism occurs on the supply side. It is found that there is a negative and economically significant relationship between interest rate and credit, and such a relationship is established for different types of credit. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the transmission mechanism operates on the supply side, as banks with more robust balance sheets exhibit greater resilience to changes in the interest rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the central decades of the 19th century, Spain developed a banking system based on plurality of issuance. Various banks were authorized by the state to circulate their banknotes in their respective provinces. This process gave rise to a mosaic of issuing banks. Their existence facilitated the acceptance of banknotes, at the same time as these banks provided means of payment in the territories in which they operated. The effects were important both for the spread of the banknote and for the economy. This paper summarizes the Spanish issuing experience, which was affected by the crisis of 1866 and ended in 1874 with the issuing monopoly in the hands of the Banco de España. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While specialized literature has discussed the conditions necessary for economic development, such as the role of institutional frameworks, the implementation of an entrepreneurial state and national innovation systems or industrial policies and the creation of markets, less attention has been given to the role of energy and its relationship with the performance of industrial enterprises. This paper analyzes the links between the energy system and industrial policy in Argentina, revealing that the segmentation led to industry paying more for energy than residential users, although well below full cost, resulting in a transfer of tax revenues to industrial businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this communication is to identify, to describe the process of building a public policy agenda that involves men in the construction of equality with women, and to recognize the perception of those who participated in it. It conceived the process as an organization with its own dynamics. A descriptive research about ethnographic approach involved recovery of documentary information of the process, interviews with participants in the construction of the agenda and a workshop. Results are presented in a timeline involved papers to prepare work meetings; profiles of potential participants were identified, the work to be developed was outlined and the respective call for in-person and virtual meetings was issued. Participants in the work meetings discussed contents of the agenda and political impact, the requirements to continue the process and the formation of specialized working groups. Elements such as uncertainty, the breaking of agreements and their fixed, the (mis)knowledge of what public policy among others, intervened in the process. As a conclusion, the lessons that emerge from this process are noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the relationship between China's maritime security policy and territorial disputes in the gray zone in the South China Sea. The study examines this relationship through the strategy and means of Chinese maritime security policy, aiming to clarify the factors that influenced this policy to drag its territorial disputes into the gray zone. The article argues that the rivalries between countries in the region fostered by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) operated as an external pressure on China. Furthermore, geopolitical factors and the perception of the Chinese ruling elite have contributed to considering the UNCLOS as a threat to China's maritime interests in the South China Sea. Consequently, the Chinese maritime security policy seeks to shift the status quo in the region to establish China as a hegemonic regional power with its sphere of influence while avoiding an open war with its neighbors and the US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: This article analyzes testimonies of religious and military men, produced between 1770 and 1812, which give an account of Chumash, Juaneño and Yuma indigenous men of Alta California who were in the habit of dressing as women and joining them in the tasks corresponding to the feminine roles in these societies. The documents analyzed include two military diaries on the exploration expeditions and three chronicles of Franciscans who, starting in 1769, were in charge of founding missions in this area. Methodology: Through a gender perspective analysis, we examine the terms and categories used in the sources to describe and give meaning to the sexual roles and practices of the Coyas/Joyas, Cuút or Uluqi. Originality: The few works dedicated to the analysis of California Indians "in the habit of women" have focused on the missionary discourse or on the denunciation of the supposed "extermination" of dissident sexual practices. This paper argues that while the testimonies unanimously condemned these practices, they differed in the categories used to name and classify them and, thus, in the meaning attributed to them, which resulted in different legal and theological implications. Conclusions: The existence of men who dressed as women persisted, according to the sources analyzed, until the beginning of the 19th century in the region from the Gila and Colorado rivers to the Santa Barbara canal in northwestern New Spain. The categories of sodomy, amaricados or hermaphrodites, and male-female were understood under the single-sex model. And, although by the end of the eighteenth century, the principles of modern legal medicine were beginning to change, the meaning given to the Coyas/Joyas was linked to the justification of the advances or difficulties of colonization rather than to the scientific debates of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the relationship between the legal form of a company and its size with the degree of achievement of the social SDGs. To do so, we worked with a random sample of 351 companies located in the Valencian Community (Spain). The results indicate that the legal form is not a determinant of the degree of implementation of the social SDGs; however, size is, as it is SMEs that have the greatest difficulties in the incorporation of these SDGs. The findings provide guidance to the Public Administration in the implementation of policies and aid focused on this type of company, so that they can meet the challenges set by the 2030 Agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarises some of the main changes in Northern Irish society since the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, both at the electoral level and in religious and national identities, as well as in preferences over constitutional future. The data show an increase in Catholic and more pro-Irish identities but also the rise of a social sector that is not aligned with the two main historical blocs. The literature has linked Irish identity and the Catholic religion to the cause of Irish reunification, so this may have been reflected in an increase in support for it. However, following trends in the analysis of independence in other territories, this article aims to analyse whether socio-economic or public policy-related factors also play a role today. To corroborate this hypothesis, logistic regression models are used to show the main explanatory variables in favour of this territorial option. The results show the pre-eminence of national and political identities, but instrumental factors also appear, such as the position on the Northern Ireland Protocol, especially in the case of the “non-aligned” sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supposedly exclusive powers of the Spanish autonomous communities on housing are strongly conditioned by the concurrent powers of the State. The interpretation of these powers made by the Spanish Constitutional Court has prioritised the objective consideration of housing as a principle over the subjective consideration of housing as a right and its economic dimension over the social one. This paper highlights some paradoxes and perplexities caused by this approach, as well as the opportunity provided by the Right to Housing Act to solve them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tension between the equality of citizens and the autonomy of regions continues to be a topic of debate in decentralised states. In this context, the clauses that allow the central government to interfere in jurisdictions that are not its own in order to achieve certain objectives (equal rights and duties, the essential level of benefits, or uniformity in living conditions) are still unclear elements that can disrupt the system of distribution of powers as a whole. This article analyses this problem in Spain, Italy and Germany, with a special focus on the confusion caused by Article 149.1.1 of the Spanish Constitution (CE in Spanish) in our system: both in relation to its overlap with other jurisdictions and its abuse. Therefore, this paper reviews the use of Article 149.1.1.1 CE, accompanied by the Constitutional Court’s interpretation of it and concludes with some guidelines for its current application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to comment on some of the issues that continue to be debated about design research, such as its methodological rigour and the lack of a theoretical framework.. To show that design research over the last decade has established itself as a form of educational research, highlighting the consensus reached in defining its characteristics and epistemic commitments. I show the similarities with the articles published in this journal. It will also describe the main criticisms of design research and the prospects for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science education experts consider the nature of science (NoS) as a basic topic in scientific literacy of the students. The main purpose of this paper is analyzing what is the science vision offered by five popular textbook publishers. It will be used content analysis through worksheets. After this research, it is concluded that the vision of NoS offered by these textbooks is limited and, in some cases, this vision does not match with the expert’s consensus. Furthermore, it is necessary to check high school programs and the main contents about NoS and including a deep vision of NoS in the science teachers training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the first results of a teaching-learning proposal in relation to how to teach science using an instrument for measuring magnitudes and how female students of the teaching degree learn in a meaningful way. The aim is for future teachers to learn science, about science and how to explain it, by doing and reflecting on what an instrument is based on, its design, construction, and how we apply it to investigate. An inquiry-based scientific and engineering activity is promoted which, through instrumentation, gives importance to argumentation and modelling by applying inquiry processes. The first results are also presented based on the reports and metacognitive reflections made by the students. Some difficulties and strengths of the methodology have been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies how students justify everyday, scientific, and pseudo-scientific propositions, and whether they recognize the type of justifications they use. For this purpose, we work with 54 students in the 3rd year of compulsory secondary education in the subject of biology and geology, in which two learning activities designed to work on the evaluation of propositions are implemented. The results provide information on the students' preference for using habits and explanations in the evaluation of everyday propositions, and expert testimony and personality traits in the evaluation of scientific and pseudoscientific propositions, as well as the inability to acknowledge explanations and personality traits. These results provide us with useful background for reflecting on how to work on epistemic cognition in the classroom and thus broaden the conceptual frameworks on epistemic cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than a hundred years, the study of the parties involved in a crime has been extensively researched, becoming a crucial topic in the field of criminal law. Although there is a considerable amount of research on this issue in the common law and civil law systems, there has been a notable lack of interest in comparative law studies between the two systems. This paper presents a comparative law study between the aforementioned models, offering a parallel and analytical analysis to understand their application and the challenges associated with the implementation of these categories. These categories are increasingly universal in Western criminal thought and policy, which makes this analysis systematic, complex and articulated. The analysis will focus on the German Criminal Code interpreted in the light of the theory of the act dominion and the Model Penal Code, serving as a harmonizing instrument for various criminal codes prevailing in the U.S. The need for comparative studies on U.S. criminal law and the German Criminal Code will be highlighted. With the internationalization of criminal law, comparative studies are becoming indispensable, as it is in this area that the clash of legal cultures occurs. A comparative study between the two models aims to determine the extent to which each system has similarities and differences. This study seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the similarities and differences between the systems of the Model Penal Code (common law) and the German Penal Code (civil law) with the aim of exposing the extent to which they differ and, thus, to improve the application of criminal categories in a context of internationalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we aim to explore the interconnection between Children's Literature and contemporary technologies, though not from the perspective of technology as a didactic tool or as a media to produce or reproduce literary texts. Instead, we examine how technology is present in books for children and picture books. This approach is based on the concepts of children's literature, and childhood and technologies. We also present an initial corpus of stories and picture books either about technology or in which technology structures the book or the narrative. Our conclusion is that in some texts the encounter of both worlds produces significant literary experiences. However, there is a literary core that cannot be integrated with technology. This tension is also part of the cultural representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the work was to review the Latin American literature on Pedagogy and Didactics of accounting sciences. The methodology consisted of The search for the works was carried out electronically, with the use of the Google Academic, Redalyc, Latindex, Dialnet and Tesis en Red application databases. The scoring criteria included relevance, methodological quality of the proposal of research, the experience and position of the authors/holders, the originality, as well as the relevance and scientific rigor. As results, a total of 30 papers were selected. There is a predominance of publications in the Didactic category, with little contribution in Pedagogy. It was found that the articles address theoretical aspects (of national and international interest) related to the teachinglearning process, by questioning the concepts of education, teacher/student relationship, environment, empathy and motivation, among others. In conclusion, future research can contribute to improving pedagogy and didactics in accounting sciences with projects aimed at multiculturalism in businessrelated subjects at the university level, with the development of technological resources capable of being used in the classroom for the individualized or group learning on or off campus, therefore, support materials for class tasks that involve meeting the needs of students are important so that each student has their individual development plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the Spanish International Book Fair (LIBER) is not very popular, and it is redefining its own role within the Spanish publishing field. However, LIBER is still a suitable event for Spanish and Latin America distributors. This work deals with these issues informed by a field work carried out in the fair during the last months of 2017. LIBER'2017 had also Argentina as Guest of Honour, which performance is analysed in detail in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New digital technologies have modified the way scientific knowledge is being communicated. This work intends to evaluate the impact of a socio-digital communication plan implemented for the journal Arqueología (Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires), designed to boost the distribution and outreach of published content in the digital ecosystem. We proposed a method to evaluate the journal's visibility in social networks, website user behavior and the impact of the published content from 2018 to 2022, based on different altmetric and bibliometric indicators. The results of said analysis show that the effects of the pandemic coupled with the implementation of a dissemination strategy increased the journal's visibility in social networks, which in turn produced an increase in the number of views and downloads of its papers. These findings highlight the importance of considering various types of online interaction to better understand the academic impact of scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the rights of children in the family, child victims of gender violence have the right to live free of this violence. This article examines the legislative reforms in 2015 and 2021 and judicial praxis of shared custody, contact and communications orders in cases of gender violence in Spain. More specifically, the paper analyses the incompatibility of shared custody, contact and communications orders in cases of gender violence in the framework of these legal reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the ethics of AI and the principles behind it. Prior to the rules governing AI, it is necessary to understand the ethical issues related to the development, implementation and responsible use of AI systems. These ethical foundations are necessary to protect the rights and dignity of individuals, ensure fairness in data access and processing, minimise biases and risks associated with algorithms, promote transferability in automated decisions, and promote trustworthiness in technology, human benefit and social welfare. It is also proposed to study the ethics of AI from an all-encompassing point of view that integrates both applied ethics and metaethics of AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the influence of social and economic factors on the crime rate in Guayaquil, Ecuador. The objective is to determine the incidence of these factors to design a strategic intervention plan to improve public safety. A mixed-method research was conducted, using descriptive analysis to gather data on criminal acts and citizen perception. The results highlight the increasing presence of violent crimes, such as contract assassinations and homicides, and point out social and cultural inequality as possible motivators of crime. Additionally, a lack of attention from authorities is observed, leading the community to take independent measures to ensure their safety. The importance of addressing crime in relation to economic indicators, such as Gross Domestic Product, which are negatively affected by the rise in criminal activity, is emphasised. It is concluded that social and economic aspects are factors that impact crime and constitute the starting point for addressing effective public policies regarding citizen security in the Ecuadorian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the development of labor studies in Mexico, both from the point of view of the evolution of the thematic field and its articulation with social and economic changes that have taken place in recent decades. Through a review and analysis of relevant studies, the ways in which the field has professionalized, specialized, and acquired a more solid institutional framework are illustrated. At the same time, some of the limitations of these studies are examined and future challenges are pointed out, considering recent changes in the labor markets and occupations. Transformations brought about by the irruption of digital technologies and new national and international regulations such as those derived from the T-MEC, are mainly highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an analytical scheme to study the impacts or effects that populism has on the democratic regime. Before, two types of literature in the conceptual and methodological dimension to support the proposal. Political science requires the concept of regime, proposals on the analysis of political change and recent debates about the democratic regime. From political sociology the effort to specify and historicize the populism so, present in Latin America, as well as some methodological proposals. At the end, a proposal for an analytical model is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lime is a versatile material that has been used by Maya societies in multiple aspects of their daily life for centuries. It is used in nixtamalization and cooking, ceramic preparation, in the surface of codex, pigment preparation, to support murals and as an important building material. How was lime made? Was lime production a specialized economic activity that fostered exchange between communities? Was its production in pyres and kilns dependent on its location? Was the use of pyres exclusively linked to domestic contexts of low production? These questions are still awaiting an answer in Maya lime production research. This paper presents a case study of experimental lime production carried out in the community of Uayma, Yucatan to try to address these questions. Characterization of the samples from the lime kiln has made it possible to infer mineralogical details and distinguish the ashes present. The recording of the operation of the lime kiln, the materials generated, and the analysis of the samples by molecular spectroscopies allow us to provide insights on the temperatures that were reached in the artisanal production of lime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper combines archaeology and earth sciences within the public use sector of the Sierra de las Quijadas National Park. The native peoples occupied this territory lacking surface water for at least the last thousand years. Archaeology shows a differential use of the landscape. Numerous quarry-workshop sites exist in the mountainous sector and residential spaces in the eastern foothills. Geomorphology suggests that rainfall events are channeled into the ephemeral streams in the foothills. This contribution analyzes the type of spatial relationship between these geoforms and the sites, as well as its causes. It is proposed that the local groups select with high frequency the ephemeral riverbeds to locate their residential bases. Several materialities show this relationship, including historic dams and combustion features, understood as structures related to water harvesting. In multiple latitudes, humans could persistently occupy territories with arid and semi-arid climates through the recurrent use of these types of watercourses. This is a consequence of their ability to channel and retain water for longer than the surrounding landscape. The case study presented here is a new example, emerging from the edge of the South American Arid Diagonal, about the people of the deserts and how they structured, and still structure, their landscape from the development of water management strategies concerning the prevailing geomorphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new estimate of the Epiclassic chronological interval (6th to 9th centuries) is proposed for the archaeological site of San José de Los Ranchos, located in Los Altos de Jalisco, near the city of Lagos de Moreno. This site is part of the cultural space of the western Mexico. The date was obtained through an archaeomagnetic analysis of ceramic materials from a cist-type tomb found at old hacienda located in the foothills of the Sierra Alta, next to the valley of the Lagos River. This archaeological site is a settlement of farmers, possibly linked to neighboring sites such as El Cerrito in the town of El Cuarenta; Los Cerritos in Lagos de Moreno and El Cóporo in the neighboring state of Guanajuato. The materials recovered in the tomb, consisting of pottery, shell beads and miniature zoomorphic and anthropomorphic figurines. The new periodization allows us to date the beginning of the Mesoamerican occupation of the Lagos River valley from the 6th century, in addition to dates obtained by previous investigations. In this way, it can be established that the villages in the valley date from the end of the Mesoamerican classic period, with its peak in the epiclassic era and possibly concluding at the beginning of the postclassic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical characterization of materials recovered from archaeological sites has been used to relate artifacts to their respective sources of raw material. For this, conventional methods of classical statistics are commonly used, such as bivariate graphs, cluster analysis and linear data transformations. Those who have applied these methods claim to have a high degree of confidence in the correct assignment of materials to their respective sources. However, if empirical data deviate from theoretical assumptions, classical statistical techniques can produce incorrect assignments. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised learning procedure using clustering and classification based on models of mixtures of multivariate asymmetric exponential power distributions. The objective is to trace the origin and provenance of obsidian archaeological materials from the archaeological zone of Izapa, Chiapas, significantly optimizing the result of the correct allocation of unlabeled data by employing only limited supervision in the form of labeled instances. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated by a controlled experiment using data from a set of geological samples from obsidian deposits. Subsequently, the method was applied to analyze a set of obsidian artifacts collected in excavations within Izapa dated for the Classic period. In both cases, well-defined classifications were obtained that, in the case of Izapa, allowed to determine the consumption of materials from Guatemalan sources, as well as some relationship with sources from western and central Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a study of 52 metallic artifacts made of gold and copper from the archaeological sites of Tamtoc and Rancho Aserradero, both located in the Huastec region of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. These objects served both utilitarian (e.g., needles, fish hooks, and axes) and ornamental (e.g., rings, beads, and bells) purposes. The objective of this paper is to provide a detailed description of the artifacts, present the results of an elemental, non-invasive, and non-destructive in situ analysis performed using X-ray fluorescence, reconstruct the manufacturing processes, and compare these findings with similar objects from other contemporary Mesoamerican regions. This research generated new data and knowledge about the use of metals and alloys in the Huastec region, the technological and cultural decisions behind the creation of these objects, and the exchange networks that facilitated their distribution. The examination of the 52 pieces revealed significant diversity in morphology and elemental composition, which limited the cultural interpretations due to the small sample size. Nevertheless, our results indicate that the studied sites were part of an extensive exchange network with access to metallic objects from the central and western regions of Mesoamerica, as well as Oaxaca and/or Central America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of the research project «Fictional orality» in the translation of short stories by Carmen Lyra, registered at the Institute of Linguistic Research of the University of Costa Rica under the number 745-C1-002. It analyzes the Spanish to English translation of components with a semantic function as part of the features of «fictional orality» in Tales from my Aunt Panchita by the Costa Rican writer Carmen Lyra. In particular, the colloquial lexicon, and the semantic relations of similarity are traced. To do so, first, we systematized the results related to translation techniques, methods, and norms; afterwards, we contrasted them with the tendencies identified for the pragmatic field and for phraseological units, according to previous research part of this project; and, finally, we discussed the most representative examples of semantic or stylistic divergence between the source text and its English counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the book Verde bestiario. Microrrelatos vegetales (2023), by Rafael Ángel Herra. First, a synthesis of some of the formal, discursive and thematic elements that make up the work is presented. Then, a brief analysis of some of the micro-stories in this collection is offered to point out the kind of convergence and dialogue with the critical turn of cultural studies about plants, as well as plant thought and intelligence. Finally, it is concluded that this book contributes to a renewed interest in (fictional) literature about plants and the «botanical turn», as a response to the need for new narratives that dare to propitiate dialectical spaces and challenge «plant blindness» (Wandersee and Schussler, 1999). This critical overview allows us to defend that this book is one of the most suggestive, shocking and moving forms of nonanthropocentric textualization that aims to revalue with freshness and ingenuity the non-human/vegetable thought and sensibility, as a projection of contemporary Latin American non-mimetic literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State negotiations constitute the foundation for the development of each nation, relying on the acquisition of resources and services. Public procurement not only has economic and social impacts but also demands that public officials ensure compliance with the law. However, some of these officials have violated the legal principles of public procurement, seeking to obtain benefits, goods, or personal services without legal backing. In studies conducted in Ecuador, this phenomenon has been analyzed in relation to the variability of indeter-minacies that public officials face in interpreting regulations. Therefore, this paper focuses on analyzing and defining the levels of indeterminacy present in the neutrosophic variable that influences the functioning of state negotiations. The use of neutrosophic statistics is suggested for modeling the study to detect indeterminacies of the variable in each dimension. Among the neutrosophic results, the misuse of government policies in state negotiation processes is identified as the sole criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a neutrosophic study on attitudes towards virtual technology, with a special focus on the "Experience Machine". Employing a methodology that incorporates the theory of indecision and neutrality into response analysis, the perceptions of 50 university students were investigated. Opinions and feelings were transformed into neutrosophic numbers to calculate contradiction and conduct a detailed analysis. The results indicate a predisposition towards agreement with virtual technology, although notable indecision and a significant presence of neutral attitudes were detected. The correlations and clustering methods applied reveal a complex dynamic of attitudes, challenging binary interpretations and highlighting the need for more nuanced strategies. This neutrosophic approach offers new perspectives for the development and marketing of innovative technologies, recognizing the diversity of emotions and opinions in user responses to emerging technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the subjugation operated by the military campaigns of 1878-1885, the native population of northern Patagonia (Mapuche-tehuelche) suffered forced relocation, the breakdown of socio-political and family units, the erasure of the identity of hundreds of minors and the declamation of the extinction of the indigenous cultural and social world. From this genocidal process, the agency of indigenous individuals and collectives was conditioned within the framework of the construction of a new society that was defined as "without Indians". From then on, this became a condition for their possibilities of accessing land, as well as a principle of stigmatization and social differentiation. This paper focuses in addressing a particular instance of the agency of this population: the National Aboriginal Association. This organization stood out for its self-recognition as aboriginal and for its supra-community, trans-territorial and national structure. The ANA was active in a key period defining a political strategy that defended the indigenous producer, encouraged processes of communalization and articulation of the agency of the original peoples with other political actors, both in northern Patagonia and in the national context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to address some consequences of immigration in relation to the exercise of motherhood between 1900 and 1930 in Buenos Aires. Through a case study we explore the experiences of a migrant mother who decided, under particular circumstances, to place her children in children's homes. Far from being an exception, this case expresses the experiences of other women who were diagnosed with various mental illnesses in which a deviation in "affectivity" and behavior towards the family nucleus with emphasis on the children appears as a symptom. Through the interweaving of sources that include medical records of the Asilo de Alienadas de Lomas de Zamora and files of minors of the Sociedad de Beneficencia, this article proposes to account for both the emotional prescriptions within the medical discourse in relation to the exercise of motherhood, as well as the emotional experiences of women who went through the path of medicalization and confinement. In the children's files it is possible to trace evidence of their experiences but also the agency, the motivations and the meaning of motherhood and care that a mother deployed in a context of vulnerability produced by migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyse the expectations regarding university studies and career choice of first-generation university students and graduates. Our interest in this particular population is due to the fact that they are atypical cases. The theoretical perspective is the relationship with knowledge and dispositionalist and contextualist sociology. The methodology is qualitative and we used in-depth interviews with a sample of 35 students from three degree courses at the National University of La Plata. The families and the school experience were central in the construction of expectations, while the choice of career was defined on the basis of the transit through secondary school, in the university experience itself as well as in other non-school environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The argument from design used to prove the existence of God is one of the arguments to which David Hume has devoted the most attention. On the one hand, this analogical reasoning is based on observational evidence. For that reason, it could be considered a particularly attractive type of argument for an empiricist philosopher. In fact, Hume uses this a posteriori argument in several of his works. On the other hand, Hume's position on this type of reasoning is not entirely clear. The philosopher defends this argument on several occasions and criticizes it on others. This paper aims to investigate Hume's analysis of the argument from design. In particular, we will highlight the peculiarities of the philosopher's remarks in the Dialogues on natural religion. We will analyze the significance of Hume's position in the Dialogues regarding the so-called "Philon's conversion". We will show that "Philo's conversion" at the end of the work could represent the positive scope that Hume attributes to this type of arguments in his theoretical philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the development of Pitrufquén (located in the Araucanía Region, Chile, and founded in 1897) from a historical, territorial, urban, and architectural point of view. It is proposed that the city’s development is framed in a new moment, where the Chilean State abandons military criteria and assumes economic-territorial factors where the railroad’s presence is a determining factor. The choice of the site, its particular layout, and the development of its architecture are evidence of this change. From the historical point of view, it is analyzed how, in Pitrufquén, the Mapuche society had cattle raising as the main economic activity, as it had pastures to feed the cattle, the land was suitable for crops, and there was a vital ford to cross the Toltén River. This strategic location was maintained and accentuated by the city’s founding and the railroad’s arrival in 1898, turning the town into a railhead for progress towards the south of the country. In the case of the urban layout, its peculiarity was addressed since, together with Lonquimay, these are the only sections in the La Araucanía region organized based on an ellipse, which, in the case of Pitrufquén, also coexists with a checkerboard layout. The study analyzed its squares, diagonal avenues, and the perimeter ring road. At an architectural level, the article explores the three layers or aspects of the city: The first one studies the wooden architecture with works from the late 19th and early 20th centuries; the second refers to public architecture, represented by buildings such as the municipality, public services, the post office, and others; and a third layer addresses the modern architecture, such as housing and stores from the period between 1940 and 1960. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital revolution has driven a profound transformation in the media landscape and has shaken advertising media planning to its roots. In this context, this paper makes three contributions. First, by analysing investment data, it confirms the importance that advertising media planning maintains in the digital age. Secondly, it details the most important changes that digitalization and the proliferation of media have produced in advertising and, specifically, in media planning. Finally, it argues the necessary integration of strategy, creativity and media planning in the process of creating and executing an advertising campaign. From this premise, it redefines the profile of the media planner and determines the technical and transversal skills it requires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research deals with the editorial positioning of 15 Spanish and Portuguese newspapers and magazines on Marcelo Caetano's official visit to Spain in 1970. The editorials and opinion articles are analysed using a quantitative, qualitative and comparative methodology. We identify different ideological orientations. The paper concludes that the official newspapers and some moderate ones were triumphalist in the opinions expressed; few opinions distanced themselves from the official political slogans; and the opposition press oscillated between keeping silent and expressing reservations about both regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I inquire into the notion of background in the philosophy of Charles Taylor and seek to complement it with reflections made by Hubert Dreyfus. This notion aims to counteract the cognitive representationalism that Descartes's thought tremendously promoted and that has been largely perpetuated by modern epistemology. Representationalism, for Taylor, makes us open to anthropologies based on ontologies of disengagement (dualism and mechanistic monism), an imprint which decisively influenced modern and contemporary philosophy despite the efforts of different schools of thought that claim to have overcome it. For Dreyfus, the notion of background is linked to our social practices, and Heidegger's controversial "the One" (das Man) is its privileged place of transmission; it is also that which would definitively collapse the Cartesian representationalist legacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical judgement has become a central topic in both medicine and the philosophy since the 1960s. With the development of evidence-based medicine in the 1990s, clinical judgment is expected to be more sensitive to the needs and preferences of patients in the face of threats from positivist approaches that are considered to neglect individuality. This paper addresses this problem in the light of a philosophy of medicine that is more sensitive to the historical components of epistemology, ontology, and ethics. The analysis is directed to the 19th century in order to elucidate the tensions about the place of medical knowledge and the commitment, for the sake of professional improvement, to provide clinical judgment with new methods. This trip to the past is useful to understand the current transformations in the field of medicine, especially the way in which they help constitute new types of patients, new types of professional ethos, and new forms of relationship between these actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]