57 results
Search Results
2. La adhesión de Colombia a la ocde como una estrategia de inserción en un contexto desfavorable.
- Author
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Fernando Vargas-Alzate, Luis
- Subjects
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COVID-19 pandemic , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *FEDERAL government , *POLICY analysis , *GRAND strategy (Political science) - Abstract
This paper concerns the study of Colombian foreign policy. Specifically, it applies foreign policy analysis (fpa) methods to the study of Colombian international politics and international relations. Embarking from the analytical framework of International Regimes, the work describes a specific approach to their study, and thereafter traces the process that preceded Colombia's accession to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (oecd). It analyzes how the decision to join the oecd is best understood as a foreign policy strategy on the part of the national government. The paper also offers a preliminary evaluation of the process of institutional adaptation accompanying oecd membership and its impact on Colombian society. The article is based on the analysis of primary sources related to the decision-making process carried out by both the national government and the oecd. Additionally, it uses a variety of other sources to illuminate a foreign policy strategy implemented in a complicated international context, one only made more difficult by the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. In this manner, the paper discusses the challenges and importance of oecd membership, including the delay of its formalization to the point of coinciding with the Covid-19 pandemic. Such unfortunate timing has likely contributed to the perception among many Colombians, of the fruitlessness of membership. While indeed complex and challenging, the paper seeks to present the situation of Colombian membership in more nuanced light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. TRIBUTACIÓN EN COLOMBIA: APROXIMACIÓN TEÓRICA Y EMPÍRICA DE LA CURVA DE LAFFER.
- Author
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Herrera Saavedra, Juan Pablo, Villar Otálora, Juan Camilo, and Campo`Robledo, Jacobo
- Subjects
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TAXATION , *INTERNAL revenue , *LAFFER curve , *INCOME tax , *INDIRECT taxation , *ECONOMETRIC models , *OPTIMAL taxation , *TAX collection , *TAX incidence , *TAX rates - Abstract
This paper estimates the Laffer curve through a comparative statical analysis and an econometric exercise. Starting from a microeconomic specification, it first analyzes the distortion caused by an indirect tax and the welfare implications of maximizing tax collection. Then, using data on real per capita tax revenue and the tax rate, an estimate of an econometric model to calculate the optimal tax rate in Colombia is made. The results show that Laffer's postulates are proven with an optimal rate of 32% and suggest that the government has a margin of almost 12 percentage points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. UN MÉTODO PARA EL ANÁLISIS DE CÓDIGOS DE ÉTICA.
- Author
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SCHUMACHER GAGELMANN, CHRISTIAN TOMÁS
- Subjects
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ETHICS , *VALUES (Ethics) , *CODES of ethics , *LINEAR network coding , *SOCIAL responsibility of business , *ORGANIZATIONAL aims & objectives - Abstract
This research paper presents a method for the analysis of codes of ethics driven by the strategic interests of the organization. For the review of codes of ethics it is important understand your value structure. The first step consists in a statistical analysis of terms that denote values. The second step consists in a semantical network analysis of the code. This method is presented on the example of the code of ethics of the Fiscalía General de la Nación, Colombia (2008). The proposed method is able to detect, in a detailed manner, emphasis as well as biases in the values' structure of codes of ethics. Thus, it is possible to propose revisions of codes of ethics that are guided by the organization's strategic values. The proposed method fills a void in the literature in relation to general methods for the analysis of codes of ethics with strategic goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Corrupción, transparencia y participación política en Colombia.
- Author
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Arévalo Bencardino, Julián, García Albarracín, Andrea, and Ortiz Escobar, David
- Subjects
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CORRUPTION , *TRANSPARENCY in government , *POLITICAL participation , *PUBLIC demonstrations , *PRACTICAL politics , *VOTING , *PARTICIPATION , *SOCIAL movements , *HUMAN rights - Abstract
This paper studies the relationship of the perception of corruption and lack of transparency with voting preferences and protests. It examines the case of Colombia using data from the 2015 Latinobarómetro Survey and a multinomial logistic model that assumes a simultaneous choice of participation type (or a combination of types), which allows us to establish whether the preference for protest substitutes or complements the preference for voting. A positive relationship was found between the perception of corruption and lack of transparency with the preference to protest in addition to voting. If citizens perceive greater corruption or doubt government transparency, they are more willing to participate in demonstrations, without reducing their support for electoral participation. This suggests that there is a general acceptance of formal democratic participation despite the shortcomings of the political regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Pandemia y política económica: la política monetaria en discusión.
- Author
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Baquero Beltrán, Amy and Villamil, Jaime
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 pandemic , *ECONOMIC policy , *PHILLIPS curve , *INFLATION targeting , *MONETARY policy , *ECONOMIC expansion , *FREE trade , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *PRICE inflation , *CENTRAL banking industry - Abstract
This paper explores the credibility of monetary policy in Colombia and its evolution after the adoption of the inflation targeting system. To do so, a non-linear Phillips curve is estimated based on unemployment for an open economy, which incorporates the direct effect of past inflation rate on price formation and a prospective component. It shows a deeper trade-off between inflation and unemployment and lower inflationary persistence. Consequently, the country could emphasize the greater responsibility of the central bank in economic growth and employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Política de descentralización y sector educativo en el departamento del Huila.
- Author
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Rojas Velásquez, Libardo and Sierra Chavarro, Jakeline
- Subjects
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SCHOOL decentralization , *EDUCATION policy , *EDUCATION & politics , *EDUCATIONAL quality , *MUNICIPAL government , *UNIVERSITY & college administration , *CITIES & towns - Abstract
This paper analyzes the impact of the decentralization policy on the education sector of the Department of Huila. It uses panel data on fiscal, administrative and political decentralization, as well as educational coverage and educational quality of all its municipalities in the period 2005-2015. The results show that educational coverage has a positive relationship with administrative decentralization, and that fiscal, administrative and political decentralization contribute to improving the quality of municipal education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. EL DEBATE EN TORNO A LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS: ¿VIEJOS PROBLEMAS Y REDUNDANTES SOLUCIONES? EL CASO DEL GOBIERNO BARCO.
- Author
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HERRERA-KIT, PATRICIA, PINZÓN-CASALLAS, CLAUDIA MARCELA, and CALDERÓN-VELA, LAURA DANIELA
- Subjects
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HUMAN rights , *SYSTEMS theory , *CONCEPTS , *SURETYSHIP & guaranty - Abstract
Although there are analysises of human rights' guarantees in Colombia, there are few studies focused on the historical reconstruction of policies in this area. This paper is based on the recognition that public action is dynamic because it is the product of communication between institutions and condenses dissent in the understanding of human rights' concepts. Thus, intervention priorities and their scope are the result of institutional choices that may vary or last over time. In this context, based on the analysis of the dialogue between entities involved in human rights policies, the article documents the way in which the concept of human rights has been consolidated and supports action on the matter, specifically, in Barco's government, which announces solutions and, above all, current problems in the public agenda and in current social revindications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. INNOVACIÓN POLÍTICA Y PARTICIPACIÓN POR SORTEO: "CONCEJO A LA CASA", EL PRIMER CASO DE DEMOCRACIA POR ALEATORIEDAD EN COLOMBIA.
- Author
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GUANUMEN-PARRA, SEBASTIÁN CAMILO and NÚÑEZ-AMÓRTEGUI, DAVID LEONARDO
- Subjects
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POLITICAL participation , *ACQUISITION of data , *DATA analysis , *LOTTERIES , *PARTICIPATION - Abstract
This paper analyzes "Concejo a la casa", the initiative developed by DemoLab, the Open Council Laboratory of Bogota, as the first case of political innovation in Colombia that uses lottery as a selection mechanism for a process of citizen participation. It builds upon both the conceptual framework based on political innovation and lottery, and the descriptive analysis of the data collected by "Concejo a la casa" to explore the relationship between the descriptive representation of randomness and the conditions that enhance the reduction of some barriers and bias related to participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. ALBERT HIRSCHMAN, LAUCHLIN CURRIE, LA TEORÍA DE LOS "ESLABONAMIENTOS" Y EL "GRAN IMPULSO" DE PAUL ROSENSTEIN-RODAN.
- Author
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Sandilands, Roger
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC development , *ECONOMIC models , *ECONOMIC policy ,COLOMBIAN economy - Abstract
This paper introduces an unpublished 1970 work written by the distinguished development economist Lauchlin Currie (1902-93) on Paul Rosenstein Rodan's famous 1944 essay on the "Big Push" which led to the debate on balanced and unbalanced growth in which Albert Hirschman (1915-2012) was an important contributor. Both Currie and Hirschman had been key economic advisers to the Colombian government and here their respective views on development planning are contrasted. In particular, it is shown how Currie's 1970 paper clarifies the theory that serves as the basis for Colombia's 1971-74 National Plan, which he designed and helped execute, and whose institutional innovations have had a lasting impact on Colombia's recent economic history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. EL GASTO PÚBLICO EN COLOMBIA: COMPARACIONES INTERNACIONALES, EVOLUCIÓN Y ESTRUCTURA.
- Author
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Melo Becerra, Ligia Alba and Ramos Forero, Jorge Enrique
- Subjects
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PUBLIC spending , *PUBLIC goods , *SIZE of states , *INCOME , *GROSS domestic product ,DEVELOPED countries - Abstract
This paper evaluates the size of the State in an international context and analyzes the behavior of public spending in Colombia during the last two decades. It takes a theoretical and empirical review of optimal public spending, and presents international comparisons of the size of the State which support the Wagner Law: the size of the State grows at the same rate or at a higher rate than income. It also describes the evolution of central national government spending based on the traditional economic classification, and reviews the evolution of government spending according to purpose, emphasizing social spending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. ¿De qué otra forma analizar el Proyecto Mesoamérica? Reflexiones desde la economía política internacional británica.
- Author
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Ruiz Valdes, Michelle and Vázquez Meneley, Sergio
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL competition , *ECONOMICS , *PARTICIPATION - Abstract
Mesoamerica emerged in regional relations thanks to different cooperation strategies between Mexico, Central America, Colombia and the Dominican Republic that have resulted in what is known today as the Mesoamerica Integration and Development Project. However, ten years after its creation, most of the studies in this regard are descriptive and use an institutional approach that does not distinguish other relevant aspects such as the inclusion of nongovernmental actors and their participation in this regional program. In order to make a first approach to these aspects within the Mesoamerica Project, this paper proposes the use of the International Political Economy theoretical approach of British origin, in the interest of identifying those analytical elements that will go beyond the traditional approach and deepen our knowledge of this program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. LIBERALIZACIÓN COMERCIAL EN COLOMBIA: ¿MODERNIZACIÓN O TRAMPA?
- Author
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Coronel-López, Jorge, Paola Danna-Buitrago, Jenny, and Mercado-Suárez, Álvaro
- Subjects
- *
FINANCIAL liberalization , *FREE trade , *POLITICAL business cycles , *INTERNATIONAL trade , *ECONOMIC policy ,COLOMBIAN economy - Abstract
This paper discusses the gap between the expected and real effects of Colombian trade liberalization policy. First, we stress the influence of international integration on Colombia's growth and development, and explains why moving toward more free trade has not contributed to the consolidation of high value-added industries in that country. Ultimately, we apply the theory of political cycles and suggest that political power in Colombia has contributed to get the country trapped into an international dependency on primary commodities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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14. CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO COLOMBIANO DE 1888 A 2013: UNA NUEVA SERIE DEL PRODUCTO INTERNO BRUTO.
- Author
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de Corso, Giuseppe B.
- Subjects
- *
GROSS domestic product , *ECONOMIC development , *INVESTMENTS , *COFFEE industry , *PETROLEUM industry , *ECONOMIC policy ,COLOMBIAN economy - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present a historical series of Colombian GDP from 1888 to 2013. For that purpose we have employed an expenditure approach to reconstruct the GDP for the period 1888-1929. We linked it to the official statistics data of the DANE. The result is expressed in 2011 purchasing parity dollars for international comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. PRODUCTIVIDAD Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL INGRESO: IMPLICACIONES SOBRE EL SALARIO MÍNIMO COLOMBIANO, 2001-2016.
- Author
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Ossa Hernández, Daniel Francisco
- Subjects
- *
INCOME inequality , *MINIMUM wage , *INDUSTRIAL productivity , *NEOCLASSICAL school of economics , *ECONOMIC policy ,COLOMBIAN economy - Abstract
This paper reviews the discussion on the most appropriate method for measuring productivity. It takes into account the TFP, the productivity of capital, and labor productivity, as well as its interpretations, scope, and relations. Additionally, it analyzes the impacts of this discussion on the evolution of the Colombian minimum wage over the period 2001-2016. Finally, it discusses the relationship between the growth of productivity and the distribution of income between capital and labor, proposing a critique of the neoclassical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. CAPACIDAD DEL ESTADO Y APOYO A LA DEMOCRACIA: RETOS Y OPORTUNIDADES PARA LA COLOMBIA DEL POSTCONFLICTO.
- Author
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Bencardino, Julián Arévalo
- Subjects
- *
DEMOCRACY , *DEMOCRATIZATION , *PEACEBUILDING , *POLITICAL systems , *CIVIL rights ,COLOMBIAN politics & government - Abstract
Over the latest years, one of the major concerns with political systems around the world is what some authors have called the "democratic recession". Some recent discussions on these issues focus on the capacity of the state to respond to the demands of its citizens. This paper studies the relationship between state capacity -understood as state performance on areas such as providing security, justice administration, tax collection and guaranteeing rights-, and support for democratic principles and Colombia's regime. The empirical results show that lower levels of assessment of state's capacity are associated to lower levels of support for democratic principles and performance. These results are discussed in the context of the peace agreements between the Colombian government and the FARC guerrillas, as well as the implications posed by this relationship in regards to the challenges and opportunities for post conflict Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. DESARROLLO, REESTRUCTURACIÓN DEL GASTO PÚUBLICO Y ALIANZAS PÚBLICO-PRIVADAS.
- Author
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Botero García, Jesús and García Guzmán, José
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC spending , *PUBLIC-private sector cooperation , *INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) , *HUMAN capital , *FREE trade , *ECONOMIC policy ,COLOMBIAN economy - Abstract
This paper analyzes the welfare effects of improvements in investment in education and infrastructure with public-private participation, in a fiscal framework of a small and open economy for the Colombian economy. A DSGE model is built where families make decisions on human capital and the government finances megaprojects by placing infrastructure bonds. The results suggest greater effects in the long-term adjustment and improvements in social welfare when public spending is focused on sectors with higher levels of employment and technological and innovation improvements are introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. EXPLOTACIÓN DE RECURSOS NATURALES Y CONFLICTO EN COLOMBIA.
- Author
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Eduardo Sandoval, Luis, Marín, Margarita, and María Almanza, Ana
- Subjects
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RESOURCE exploitation , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy , *MINERAL industries & the environment , *MINES & mineral resources , *SOCIAL conflict , *CRIME - Abstract
Colombia has increasingly been specializing in the extraction of mineral and energy resources such as gold, coal, oil and ferronickel. These activities, in the context of state weakness, have engendered conflicts of different dimensions. This paper proposes an indicator of conflict related to mineral exploitation that classifies five dimensions of conflict: social, economic, cultural, political and environmental. The aggregate indicator shows that murders, displacement of Afrodescendent populations, flooding, pollution, fires, infant mortality, coca crops and sexual offenses are highly and positively correlated with the number of conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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19. HECHOS Y PALABRAS: LA REALIDAD COLOMBIANA VISTA A TRAVÉS DE LA PRENSA ESCRITA.
- Author
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Caicedo, Juan Manuel, Gaviria, Alejandro, and Moreno, Javier
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL science research , *QUANTITATIVE research , *ARCHIVAL research , *ECONOMICS ,ECONOMIC conditions in developing countries - Abstract
This paper presents the first application to Colombia of culturomics, a novel research method in the social sciences that describes cultural, social and linguistics trends based on the quantitative analysis of millions of digitized texts. The paper uses all news and editorials published during the past two decades in three national periodicals in order to analyze the trajectories of several social and economic phenomena: corruption, economic optimism, the relative power of the judicial branch, etc. Beyond its specific findings, this paper showcases how culturomics can be used to describe the changing reality of a developing country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
20. DETERMINANTES DEL INGRESO Y DEL GASTO CORRIENTE DE LOS HOGARES.
- Author
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C., Manuel Muñoz
- Subjects
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INCOME , *HUMAN life cycle , *DEMOGRAPHIC surveys , *SURVEYS - Abstract
This empirical research analyzes the determinants of Colombian household revenues and expenditures. Using a life cycle model with data from the national household survey 1994-1995, the paper shows how the behavior of household income is mainly affected by demographic characteristics and by the social-occupational characteristics of its members. Expenditure behavior is determined principally by income and secondly by the social characteristics of the household and by the expenditure of other households with similar characteristics. The paper also analyzes the influence of income uncertainty on households expenditure, to see if the effect is due to a motive of precaution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
21. PRÁCTICAS PARA MEJORAR LA REGULACIÓN EN COLOMBIA.
- Author
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Pinzón Camargo, Mario Andrés
- Subjects
- *
MONETARY policy , *GOVERNMENT regulation , *ECONOMIC competition , *GOVERNMENT agencies , *ECONOMIC policy ,COLOMBIAN economy - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze, with a new institutional economics framework, regulatory activity and its motivations. Better regulatory frameworks contribute to create an environment of legitimacy for the actions of the State. Nevertheless, this legitimacy can only be achieved by ensuring the efficiency and effectiveness of such frameworks in relation to the aim pursued such as correct market failures, reduce inequity failures, or generation of more competitive environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. INFLACIÓN Y ADULTOS MAYORES EN COLOMBIA.
- Author
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Montenegro, Álvaro and Ramírez, Lina M.
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC conditions of older people , *PRICE inflation , *SENIOR housing , *HEALTH of older people , *INCOME , *WEALTH ,COLOMBIAN economy - Abstract
This paper uses Colombian data to compare the impact of inflation on the elderly and the general population. On average, the elderly spend a greater proportion on housing and health and less on education. Between December 2008 and May 2015, they experienced a higher inflation rate than the rest of the population. Lower income elderly households spend a higher share of their income on housing and food, and face higher inflation than wealthier elderly households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. ¿QUIÉN PAGA POR LA PAZ EN COLOMBIA?
- Author
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Felbab-Brown, Vanda
- Subjects
- *
CACAO growers , *INTERNALLY displaced persons , *PEACE treaties , *ARMED Forces ,COLOMBIAN politics & government - Abstract
This paper, examines the political costs that will have to be borne by farc; the Colombian military; Colombia's rightist politicians and elite and vested interests, internally-displaced people, the coca farmers, and Colombia's middle class. The analysis also touches on the roles and impacts of various other actors, such as bandas criminales and militant groups continuing to operate in Colombia, including the ELN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. EL NIVEL DE INGLÉS DESPUÉS DE CURSAR LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR EN COLOMBIA: UNA COMPARACIÓN DE DISTRIBUCIONES.
- Author
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César Alonso, Julio, Martin, Juan David, and Gallo, Beatriz
- Subjects
- *
LANGUAGE ability , *FOREIGN language education , *ENGLISH language education , *EDUCATION , *COMMUNICATIVE competence , *BILINGUALISM , *HIGHER education - Abstract
The Colombian Government has adopted a policy to improve communication skills in English at all education levels and especially in higher education, but little has been written about the achievements of the policy. This paper examines changes in the distribution of students' English proficiency level between the start and completion of their higher education programs. The results suggest an improvement in the distribution after graduating from higher education, characterized by a greater impact at higher scoring levels and an increased polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. EL MITO DE LOS 400 MIL ABORTOS EN COLOMBIA.
- Author
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Rubio, Mauricio
- Subjects
- *
ABORTION statistics , *PUBLIC health , *COLOMBIANS , *DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics , *HEALTH surveys , *DEMOGRAPHIC surveys , *HEALTH - Abstract
For several years, without any justification and against all available evidence, it has been said that in Colombia 400,000 clandestine abortions are performed each year. This paper seeks to test the validity of this number. First, it provides an overview of what could have been the original source of this figure, and then it shows that this hasty calculation is inconsistent with a rigorous study of induced abortion made in 1992. Also, it analyses different sources of information that contradict those assessments; exposes the difficulties inherent in estimating the magnitude of illegal activities; and criticizes one methodology. Finally, it estimates the range of the number of annual abortions based on the Demographic and Health Surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO Y DEMOGRÁFICO REGIONAL EN COLOMBIA, 1985-2012.
- Author
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Armando Galvis, Luis
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC development , *POPULATION statistics , *MARKOV processes , *DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics , *DEMOGRAPHIC change , *ECONOMIC policy ,COLOMBIAN economy, 1970- - Abstract
Economic and demographic growth in Colombia has been dominated by the largest cities. This has resulted in the common belief that Colombia is mainly an urban country. The aim of this paper is to show how economic and demographic growth has evolved, especially in terms of population density, since the mid-eighties. Using Markov transition chains and their spatial counterpart, we show that since the mid-eighties, municipalities have experienced a highly persistent pattern in which the main cities have maintained their position as the most densely populated. In contrast, municipalities that exhibited low levels of population density have remained relatively stagnant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. IDENTIFICACIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LOS TRABAJADORES POBRES EN COLOMBIA, 2002-2012.
- Author
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Sánchez Torres, Roberto Mauricio
- Subjects
- *
POOR people , *WORKING class , *POVERTY , *LABOR market , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *INCOME - Abstract
This paper is an approach to the study of the working poor in Colombia. The purpose is to analyze poverty linked to types of labor insertion, Using data from the Continuous Household Survey and the Large Integrated Household Survey, it analyses main poverty indicators for the workers, and poverty decomposition by geographical area between 2002 and 2012. In addition, it offers a socio-demographic and occupational characterization of the working poor, concluding that the composition of the labor market and the type of labor insertion are determinants of low income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
28. LA TITULARIZACIÓN EN COLOMBIA: VEINTE AÑOS DE REGULACIÓN, 1993-2013.
- Author
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Barón, Constanza Blanco
- Subjects
- *
ASSET backed financing , *MORTGAGES , *GOVERNMENT regulation , *INVESTMENTS , *ECONOMIC policy ,COLOMBIAN economy - Abstract
The analysis of innovative processes such as securitization leads to asking if the behavior of economic agents is a response to the institutional changes with specific objectives, or if the changes in the regulatory regime are the result of market behaviour or needs of the economy. The objective of this paper is to apply the theory of institutional change of North (agent, source, process and way of change) to examine the Colombian market in the period 1993-2013 in order to explore the main events which had an influence on the performance of securitization in general, and mortgage securitization in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
29. LA MISIÓN DEL BANCO MUNDIAL A COLOMBIA DE 1949, Y LAS VISIONES OPUESTAS DE LAUCHLIN CURRIE Y ALBERT HIRSCHMAN.
- Author
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Sandilands, Roger
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC development , *MACROECONOMICS , *TWENTIETH century , *ECONOMIC policy ,COLOMBIAN politics & government - Abstract
The 1949 World Bank mission headed by Lauchlin Currie recommended an integral attack on the interlocking vicious circles of underdevelopment through a widening of domestic and international markets and a reform of macroeconomic policy formulation. In 1950 Currie was invited by the Colombian Government to return as adviser to a new national planning board. In 1952 Albert Hirschman was also hired as an adviser to this board. This paper discusses the heated disagreements between these two distinguished economists, their influence on the theory and practice of economic development in Colombia and of the World Bank, and in particular their focus on planning based on an integral program versus individual project approaches to planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. CREACIÓN, DESTRUCCIÓN Y REASIGNACIÓN DEL EMPLEO EN EL SECTOR MANUFACTURERO COLOMBIANO.
- Author
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Alba Melo, Ligia and Ballesteros, Carlos Andrés
- Subjects
- *
MANUFACTURING industries , *EMPLOYMENT , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *JOB creation ,COLOMBIAN history, 1974- - Abstract
This paper analyzes the characteristics of job flows in the Colombian manufacturing sector between 1994 and 2009, at the industry group level and for the occupational categories. The results suggest high levels of job creation and job destruction in manufacturing firms, which are not usually evident in the figures of net employment growth. Similarly, we find that job creation and job destruction are persistent. Finally, the results at a disaggregated level indicate significant differences by industry group and occupational category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
31. LA TRIBUTACIÓN EN AMÉRICA LATINA DESDE LA CRISIS DE LA DEUDA Y EL PAPEL DEL LEGISLATIVO EN COLOMBIA.
- Author
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Castañeda Rodríguez, Víctor Mauricio
- Subjects
- *
TAXATION , *FISCAL policy , *TAX reform , *ECONOMIC policy ,LATIN American economy - Abstract
This paper analyzes the political nature of taxation, which helps to explain why adoption from the model sponsored by the IMF in Latin America, especially after the debt crisis, has not been homogeneous. Colombia is taken as a case study to show how tax reforms depend on the political process in Congress, which opens a gap between the bills, inspired by IMF, and the final laws. Finally, it raises some arguments that suggest the special interests' role in the design and application of tax policy, which interact without being necessarily reconcilable and can also explain the divergence between bills and laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
32. LOS CÓDIGOS DE CONDUCTA DE LAS EMPRESAS PETROLERAS EN COLOMBIA: UNA CARACTERIZACIÓN.
- Author
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Gorbaneff, Yuri, Margarita Uribe, G. Elsa, and Hoyos, Guillermo
- Subjects
- *
CODES of ethics , *PETROLEUM industry , *BUSINESS enterprises , *ETHICS , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
We explore the traits that characterize the codes of conduct with the aim to understand the parameters of responsibility and ethical performance that Colombian oil companies define for themselves and for their stakeholders. The paper is exploratory and descriptive and uses the method of multiple case study. The codes are grouped in three blocks according to their structure. We show the philosophical roots of codes. codes of global companies are extensive and legal. Local companies with international ambition have less extensive codes, but maintain their legal nature. Codes of small local enterprises are short and mission-focused by this tone. Virtually all codes have their roots in utilitarian ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
33. LOS CÓDIGOS DE CONDUCTA DE LAS EMPRESAS PETROLERAS EN COLOMBIA: UNA CARACTERIZACIÓN.
- Author
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Gorbaneff, Yuri, Uribe G., Elsa Margarita, and Hoyos, Guillermo
- Subjects
- *
PETROLEUM industry , *CODES of ethics , *BUSINESS ethics , *SMALL business , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
We explore the traits that characterize the codes of conduct with the aim to understand the parameters of responsibility and ethical performance that Colombian oil companies define for themselves and for their stakeholders. The paper is exploratory and descriptive and uses the method of multiple case study. The codes are grouped in three blocks according to their structure. We show the philosophical roots of codes. Codes of global companies are extensive and legal. Local companies with international ambitions have less extensive codes, but maintain their legal nature. Codes of small local enterprises are short and mission-focused by this tone. Virtually all codes have their roots in utilitarian ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
34. DESIGUALDADES REGIONALES EN EL NIVEL EDUCATIVO DE LOS PROFESORES EN COLOMBIA.
- Author
-
Galvis, Luis Armando and Mejía, Leonardo Bonilla
- Subjects
- *
EDUCATION , *TEACHER certification , *TEACHER education , *PROFESSIONALIZATION , *EDUCATIONAL forecasting , *EDUCATION charts & diagrams , *REGIONAL disparities - Abstract
This paper aims to study the differences in the degree of professionalization of teachers in Colombian educational institutions. We break down the inequalities in the supply of teachers according to their degree of professionalization using the Theil index. Next, we estimate the determinants of professionalization, taking into account characteristics of the school and the municipalities where the institutions operate. We evaluate two hypotheses: first, whether more public spending on education personnel by local authorities has helped to improve the level of teacher training in government institutions; and we assess the impact of the teacher professionalization law of 2002 on the degree of teacher professionalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
35. EL DESPLAZAMIENTO FORZADO EN COLOMBIA Y LA INTERVENCIÓN DEL ESTADO.
- Author
-
Piñeros, Andrés Mauricio Mendoza
- Subjects
- *
INVOLUNTARY relocation , *FORCED migration , *SOCIOECONOMICS , *POVERTY , *INTERNAL migration , *GOVERNMENT policy ,SOCIAL conditions in Colombia, 1970- - Abstract
In this paper, we build an index to measure the extent to which displaced households can effectively realize their economic and social rights. Based on the results of the index, we conclude that during the reparations and resettlement process, a displaced household, on average, is able to exercise 60% of the rights associated with economic and social stability. This result is four points below the average level at which poor nearby households are able to exercise their rights. Using panel data on a group of households, our technical work illustrates that between 2007 and 2008, the ability of displaced households to exercise their rights deteriorated to the point where, in effect, 45% of the households saw a regression in their ability to exercise at least one right during this period. We also identified other factors threatening the sustainability of the socio-economic stabilization policy, and some recommendations are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
36. LOS RETOS CRUZADOS DE LA REFORMA AGRARIA, EL DESARROLLO RURAL Y LA RECONCILIACIÓN: EL CASO SANDRANA Y SAMARÍA.
- Author
-
TADLAOUI, SARAH
- Subjects
- *
LAND reform , *RURAL development projects , *RECONCILIATION , *CITIZEN participation in political planning , *COMMUNITY development - Abstract
As an instrument of the Colombian market-led land reform, the Comprehensive Land Subsidy (SIT) provides for land entitlement to poor peasants and smallholders tied to the development of rural production projects, through a communal property regime in certain cases. Through the case study of Sandrana y Samaría, this paper seeks to analyze the extent to which this land reform instrument and its implementation conditions create the necessary framework for productive and community development based on the acquisition of a land title. To that end, the study focuses on the logic of the main aspects of this policy instrument in the context of the Colombian land reform policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
37. CICLO POLÍTICO DE LOS NEGOCIOS Y TAMAÑO MUNICIPAL: COLOMBIA 1989-2008.
- Author
-
Páez, Néstor Rubiano
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL business cycles , *MUNICIPAL government , *GOVERNMENT spending policy , *ECONOMETRICS , *PUBLIC investments , *PUBLIC finance , *ECONOMICS ,COLOMBIAN economy, 1970- - Abstract
This paper presents an empirical verification of the "political business cycle" hypotheses applied to 547 Colombian municipalities from 1989 to 2008. The econometric study reveals that smaller towns exhibit a cycle in public investment and fiscal deficit: both variables increase before elections and fall after them. These results are placed in the Colombian social context to discuss why the cycle occurs in those municipalities and the coincidence with differences in the efficiency of public expenditure to reduce poverty, as measured by unsatisfied basic needs. Some policies are recommended in order to reduce the adverse effects of this cycle and improve efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
38. APARTHEID EDUCATIVO: EDUCACIÓN, DESIGUALDAD E INMOVILIDAD SOCIAL EN BOGOTÁ.
- Author
-
Villegas, Mauricio García and López, Laura Quiroz
- Subjects
- *
EDUCATIONAL equalization , *DISCRIMINATION in education , *EDUCATION , *EDUCATION & society , *SOCIAL mobility , *SOCIAL marginality - Abstract
This paper presents the results of research on socioeconomic inequality in Bogota's secondary education (year 2009). The results show that socioeconomic student level is significantly associated both to educational access (public or private), and to educational quality (ranking in State test - ICFES). This demonstrates that in Bogotá not only does each social class study separately, but also that rich people have access to a better education than poor people. This situation of social segregation (apartheid) aggravates some of the already pervasive Colombian problems: lack social mobility, economic inequality and illegitimacy of the political system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
39. DESEMPEÑO DE LAS EMPRESAS Y FACTORES INSTITUCIONALES EN COLOMBIA, 2002-2007.
- Author
-
Hassan, Andrés Ramírez, Montoya, Ramiro Cadavid, and Peláez, Santiago García
- Subjects
- *
GOVERNMENT policy on corporations , *FINANCIAL performance , *NEW institutionalism (Sociology) , *PROPERTY , *CONTRACTS -- Government policy , *TWENTY-first century , *GOVERNMENT policy ,COLOMBIAN economy - Abstract
In this paper, we estimate a dynamic panel data model to determine the effect of various institutional factors on the performance of a sample of Colombian companies during the period 2002-2007. Our results indicate that the analysed companies are affected by these factors. Institutions associated with property rights and contract compliance have significant effects on the growth of the firms. On the other hand, financial development does not have a significant effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
40. CALIDAD DEL EMPLEO EN LAS PRINCIPALES CIUDADES COLOMBIANAS Y ENDOGENEIDAD DE LA EDUCACIÓN.
- Author
-
Mora, Jhon James and Ulloa, María Paola
- Subjects
- *
EMPLOYMENT , *EMPLOYMENT statistics , *ECONOMETRICS , *QUALITY of work life , *TWENTY-first century ,COLOMBIAN economy - Abstract
This paper analyses the quality of employment in the major cities of Colombia in 2009. The results show that, although the quality of employment has improved since 2001, it still continues to be below the necessary level of quality employment. It also demonstrates the endogenous nature of education and proposes a correcting procedure for obtaining consistent and efficient estimators of employment quality. In differentiating between salaried and self-employed workers, the results reveal that if an individual is self-employed, an increase in the number of years of education does not contribute to improving the quality of employment. This effect only occurs in the case of salaried workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
41. INSTITUCIONES POLÍTICAS Y FUNCIÓN JUDICIAL EN DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL COMPARADO.
- Author
-
Landau, David
- Subjects
- *
COMPARATIVE law , *CONSTITUTIONAL law , *CONSTITUTIONAL courts , *POLITICAL parties , *COURTS - Abstract
Comparative constitutional law scholarship has not realized that differences in the configuration of political institutions should bear upon the way courts do their jobs. This paper develops a comparative theory of judicial role that focuses on broad differences in political context, and particularly in party systems, across countries. I use a case study of the Colombian Constitutional Court (supplemented by briefer studies of the Hungarian and South African Constitutional Courts) to demonstrate how differences in political institutions should impact judicial role. Because Colombian parties are unstable and poorly tied to civil society, the Colombian Congress has difficulty initiating policy, monitoring the enforcement of policy, and checking presidential power. The Court has responded by taking many of these functions into its own hands. I argue that the Court's actions are sensible given Colombia's institutional context, even though existing theories of judicial role would find this kind of legislative-substitution inappropriate. Existing theory's focus on the anti-democratic nature of judicial action assumes a robust constitutional culture outside the courts and a legislature which does a decent job representing popular will -- both assumptions tend to be false in newer democracies. Thus, comparative public law scholars must be attentive to political context in order to build tools suitable for evaluating the work of courts around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
42. EL SISTEMA DE PARTIDOS COLOMBIANO HOY. PARTIDOS Y REPRESENTACIÓN EN EL CONGRESO DESPUÉS DE LA REFORMA DE 2003.
- Author
-
PÉREZ GUEVARA, NADIA JIMENA
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL reform , *ELECTIONS , *CONSTITUTIONS , *POLITICAL parties , *POLITICAL competition - Abstract
The political reform of 2003, has been the most important in electoral matters made after the 1991 Constitution. The phenomena of "microempresas electorales", "operación avispa" and personalization, brought about a need to reform and reorganize the system and political parties with two fundamental changes: the electoral formula and the electoral barrier. Since the adoption of the reform there have been four elections in Colombia, two regional (Assembly and Council in 2003 and 2007) and two national (Senate and House of Representatives in 2006 and 2010), which have had mechanical effects on the party system at both the national and sub-national levels, and have "reorganized" the political forces in each legislature. The overall objective of this paper is to observe the effects of the reforms on the national party system in both the first (2006) and second (2010) wave of elections, specifically about the representativeness of the system, taking into account their context and political situation. We conclude that the change in the electoral formula and the imposition of the electoral barrier managed to reorganize the parties and therefore political competition without affecting system proportionality, as its detractors had claimed. Although this aspect had no significant variation, factors such as electoral density lead to other questions over the Colombian electoral system such as the necessity (or not) to think about a new reform that points to a change in the electoral districts and therefore in the levels of representation of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
43. ANTICORRUPCIÓN EN LA REGULACIÓN DEL SERVICIO DE SUMINISTRO DE AGUA POTABLE: ESTUDIO DE CASO PARA COLOMBIA.
- Author
-
BOEHM, FRÉDÉRIC and BOHÓRQUEZ SUÁREZ, OLGA ROCÍO
- Subjects
- *
WATER supply laws , *CORRUPTION , *DRINKING water , *WATER quality , *WATER shortages , *REGULATORY failure , *WATER supply , *SAFETY - Abstract
Water is a natural resource fundamental for quality of human life. Nevertheless, there are more than one billion people in the world without access to safe drinking water. The water crisis is mainly a crisis of governance, and corruption is one of the principal underlying factors. Due to the characteristics of water supply, the sector must be regulated. However, there are informational asymmetries in regulation, which are a cause of regulatory failures and make the sector more prone to corruption. In Colombia, water supply regulation has a legal structure that aims at stimulating participation, transparency, accountability and integrity. But, there is a significant gap between legal provisions and practice. This paper reviews the Colombian regulatory framework with the aim to identify such gaps and propose ways to strengthen the framework in order to safeguard the delivery of an efficient service to the users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
44. LA GUERRA CIVIL DE 1876-1877 EN LOS ANDES NORORIENTALES COLOMBIANOS.
- Author
-
R., Edna Carolina Sastoque and M., Mario García
- Subjects
- *
CIVIL war , *SOCIAL conflict ,COLOMBIAN Civil War, 1876-1877 - Abstract
This paper seeks to understand from a regional perspective the causes of the civil war of 1876-1877 in the Northeastern Colombian Andes. An approximation is made to the urban hierarchy in the current Colombian departments of Santander and Norte de Santander between 1853 and 1875. The conditions leading to conflict and the change in that hierarchy are presented. In addition, intervening players and the location of the events of the war are identified. It concludes that the group that fell in urban hierarchy was the one that started the war and that this hierarchical change was one of the causes of the war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
45. ECONOMÍA POLÍTICA DE LA REFORMA DEL SISTEMA COLOMBIANO DE PENSIONES.
- Author
-
R., Álvaro Martín Moreno and Ortiz, Fabio
- Subjects
- *
GOVERNMENT policy , *PENSIONS , *PENSION laws , *REFORMS , *GOVERNMENT programs , *GOVERNMENT-funded programs ,COLOMBIAN economy, 1970- - Abstract
This paper offers a critical analysis of the arguments against the public pensions system. It shows that the defense of the fully funded system based on its solvency and its ability to automatically cope with the processes of aging society are mere fallacies. In fact, it can be shown that the pay-as-you-go and fully funded systems are equivalent, facing the same problems in the long term. Finally, projections of conventional indicators show that the cries of alarm of Fedesarrollo and BBVA have no solid foundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
46. ¿COLOMBIA TIENE RECURSOS ECONÓMICOS SUFICIENTES PARA ATACAR EL NARCOTRÁFICO Y SUS ACTIVIDADES VINCULADAS?
- Author
-
Trucco, Juan Felipe Jiménez
- Subjects
- *
DRUG traffic , *VIOLENCE , *SECURITY management , *COOPERATION , *NEIGHBORS , *LAW enforcement - Abstract
Some nations criticize Colombian efforts to fight against the violence. However, Colombia doesn't have real support from some of its neighbors (Nicaragua, Ecuador and Venezuela) as well as other actors to combat guerrillas or paramilitary groups which, in turn, are related to the drug traffic. It is necessary that the international community understand the Colombian effort to carry out its struggle against ilegal drugs as well as the violence that results there from. Colombia has increased its spending in Security and Defense during the last decade especially against narcotrafficking. Does Colombia have real support from its neighbors and allies to combat this crime? This paper evaluates the cooperation that Colombia has obtained from other actors in this struggle not only in economic terms, but also in terms of institutional support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
47. CULTURAS PÚBLICAS: UNA FOTOGRAFÍA DE LOS Y LAS HABITANTES DE BOGOTÁ A TRAVÉS DE LA QUINTA ENCUESTA BLENAL DE CULTURAS -- 2009.
- Author
-
Hormaza, Otty Patino, Osorio, Mauricio Silva, Vargas, Fernando Martínez, and Pinzón-Medina, César
- Subjects
- *
CULTURE , *POLITICAL culture , *SURVEYS , *MUNICIPAL government , *SPORTS , *POLITICAL participation - Abstract
This paper provides a current picture of the inhabitants of Bogota, in the light of three main areas: Democratic Culture, Citizen Culture and Policy Culture, which converge on a concept we refer to as the Public Cultures. The analysis of the Public Cultures stems from the Fifth Biennial Survey of Cultures, an instrument developed by the Bogotá city government through the Observatory of Cultures, a bureau of the Secretary of Culture, Recreation and Sports. The response of over 13000 inhabitants in the 19 burroughs of the city are depicted in the 2009 survey. The article presents findings on the degree of tolerance, respect for differences, civic and democratic values, perceived conflicts and political participation of the people of Bogotá. Readers may take this information and subsequent analysis to deepen their knowledge and commitment to building a sense of belonging in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
48. MINAS ANTIPERSONA, SU RELACIÓN CON EL CONFLICTO ARMADO Y LA PRODUCCIÓN DE NARCÓTICOS EN COLOMBIA.
- Author
-
Hernández, Eduardo Bejarano
- Subjects
- *
LAND mines , *CIVIL war , *DRUG traffic , *WEAPONS , *TERRORISM , *NATIONAL security , *MILITARY offensives - Abstract
The widespread use of landmines is commonplace in countries with armed conflicts. In the Colombian case, the use of these weapons by terrorist groups such as FARC, has noticeably increased in recent years, particularly since the implementation of the Democratic Security Policy. Clearly, terrorist groups in Colombia have found that landmines are a useful and effective method to contain the military offensive and to protect, among others, areas where illegal coca crops number. Indeed, this strategy has placed Colombia among the countries with the highest incidence of accidents and incidents related to landmines. This paper examines the problem of landmines in Colombia, and reviews mine clearance experiences in other countries in an effort to seek useful alter- natives applicable to the Colombian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
49. DURACIÓN DEL DESEMPLEO Y CANALES DE BÚSQUEDA DE EMPLEO EN COLOMBIA.
- Author
-
Viáfara L., Carlos Augusto and Uribe G., José Ignacio
- Subjects
- *
UNEMPLOYMENT , *UNEMPLOYED people , *JOB hunting ,COLOMBIAN economy - Abstract
This paper studies the duration of unemployment in Colombia as an indicator of the effectivity of search methods. This work is based on the Continuing Survey of Households (ECH), carried out in Colombia in the second quarter of 2006. Parametric (Weibull proportional risk) and nonparametric (Kaplan-Meier) duration models are estimated. The findings suggest that the duration of unemployment is strongly influenced by the search methods used by employees and the unemployed. Formal methods are the most effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
50. MÁS ALLÁ DE LA RETÓRICA DE LA REACCIÓN. ANÁLISIS ECONÓMICO DE LA DESAMORTIZACIÓN EN COLOMBIA, 1861-1888.
- Author
-
Jaramillo, Roberto Luis and Roca, Adolfo Meisel
- Subjects
- *
ENTAIL , *LAND tenure , *PROPERTY , *NINETEENTH century ,19TH century Catholic Church history ,COLOMBIAN history - Abstract
This article studies the disentailment of mortmain in Colombia. Most of this land was held by the Catholic Church, which derived considerable economic and political power from its ownership. The Radical faction of the Liberal Party, which governed the country between 1863 and 1876, promoted numerous reforms directed at eliminating the institutions that had survived the years of Spanish colonial rule and were an obstacle to the advance of the economy. A substantial portion of all the properties of the Church were thus expropriated. this process was culminated with the signing of a treaty --"Concordato"-- between the Colombian government and Holy See. The treaty recognized in favor of the Church "the value of disentailed loans and property". Colombian historiography has given little attention to the process of disentailment, as a result of the influence of Conservative historiography, which portrayed it as a failure. This mistaken appreciation can only be corrected through research in primary sources. In this paper we have used primary sources that had not been discussed in the most influential works on Colombian economic history of the 19th century and conclude that it was the main economic reform of that period, since it represented at least 16% of the GDP of 1860 and was a very profitable operation for the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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