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This paper aims to present the multiple realizations of lower limit and of speakers from different Spanish speaking territories found in the extensive oral corpus FEC (Fonología del Español Contemporáneo). We present several acoustic criteria to assign the continuum between occlusive and approximant to different phonetic variants to enable quantitative analysis of the corpus. The results of the acoustic analysis confirm the different phases described in previous literature of the phenomenon in the different Spanish speaking territories. Additionally, they show that a) palatal fricative realizations [?] - the IPA symbol commonly used for the phoneme - is very rare in the corpus and b) that in territories that distinguish between/?/and/j/, hybrid variants consisting of lateral + central that show a beginning delateralization are quite recurrent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes, from the viewpoint of Systemic-Functional Linguistics (henceforth, SFL), the specific ways in which the structure of the Spanish clause is organized for the realization of basic experiential functions, including Participant, Process and Circumstance. Thus far, SFL-descriptive work on Spanish has given little attention to the ways in which units and classes of units are organized along the rank scale of this language and how this organization contributes to the structural configuration of types of process. Based on the principles derived from the SFL theoretical dimensions of axis and rank, this article accounts for Spanishspecific resources at stake, first, in the realization of nuclear clause functions such as Process and Participant, and then in the realization of peripheral circumstantial elements. The paper finally addresses the key implications of the approach adopted to the account of the Spanish clause as well as to the general criteria involved in the identification of basic functions in its experiential structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on the idea that the study of peripheral phenomena or marginalia in language can shed new light on the interpretation of other, less marginal linguistic data. Specifically, it focuses on the joining or separation of linguistic elements, which is often considered a typically marginal phenomenon, but which constitutes one of the syntactic criteria for classifying verbal periphrases. For this purpose, interpolation, i.e. the separation of the two components of a periphrasis by another element, is examined in three specific cases: , and . The analysis offers clues for reconsidering interpolation as a criterion for the classification of periphrases. At the same time, the study makes it clear that, on the one hand, verbal periphrases are characterised by a type of syntactic ambiguity and, on the other hand, their semantic value is decisive in determining their periphrastic nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with so-called 'particle verbs' or 'phrasal verbs' in Peninsular Spanish lexicography and grammaticography from the 15th century to the present. These structures, situated halfway between the lexicon and the grammar, are considered marginal in modern Spanish from a typological and pan-Romance perspective. They also do not appear systematically in current dictionaries and grammars, where some are explicitly criticised. However, recent studies document certain (semi)productive patterns, some dating back to Old Spanish, that decline in diachronic corpus data starting in the 1500s (cf. Wiesinger 2020; in press a). The present contribution explores the interplay between this diachronic development and the treatment of particle verbs in normative and/or didactic Spanish dictionaries and grammars. In fact, the decline of Spanish particle verbs can be linked to normative and (re)latinising tendencies in Renaissance dictionaries and grammars, where certain adverbial particles are omitted and most particle verbs lack their own entries despite being used in the definitions. Although particle verbs are increasingly recognized in the works of the Real Academia Española in the 1700s and part of the 1800s, this traditional tendency reemerges in the 20th century and is slow to disappear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the lack of consensus within the field of discourse traditions (DTs) -and more precisely regarding the Coserian tripartition of language into universal, historical, and individual levels-which results from Peter Koch's understanding of DTs as entities meant to be embedded in the historical level, as opposed to that of Johannes Kabatek or Franz Lebsanft, according to whom they must be placed at the individual level. The specific aim sought is to show the criteria on which the scheme constructed by Coseriu relies by interweaving his tripartition of levels with the Aristotelian-Humboldtian one -in turn structured around the concepts of energeia, dynamis and ergon. The article thus reveals that the extent to which Koch's position differs from Coseriu's original proposal -to which Kabatek and Lebsanft remain faithful-can be explained in terms of how the opposition between the subject and the object of study and the ontology of the former is conceived in each case. Added to the above, this article likewise highlights the close link tying epistemology to ontology which becomes evident when closely examining the foundations that underpin the well-known Coserian tripartition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose a reflection on the theoretical and empirical relevance of approaching the study of historical linguistic change study considering marginalia, that is, phenomena that are typologically unexceptional, but which have been ignored in linguistic research. The objective is to draw attention to the tunnel vision that linguistic theories usually entail for those who work within them, since the paradigms themselves and the study methods that are developed within such theories lead to ignoring certain linguistic phenomena relevant to the study of languages which are relegated to the margins of linguistic description. In order to prove the relevance of these marginalia, we will point out the importance they have had for the advancement of linguistic theories in the last two hundred years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a corpus of 33 wills written by members of the Cajamarca indigenous elite between 1565 and 1758, this paper analyses the different ways of naming this locality, taking into account its growing importance during the two centuries covered by these documents. Our results allow us to assess and develop Argouse’s (2015) proposal with data from various notaries and a wider chronological scope. Although one can observe a clear predominance of villa over pueblo during the whole seventeenth century, the lack of reference to the type of urban entity that Cajamarca was gathers momentum at the end of that period and during the eighteenth century. We interprete these data in the light of the particular changes that Cajamarca underwent regarding its urban status during the colonial period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to explore and to analyze the critical production by Alan Pauls. Specifically, the form, ethics and literary uses he develops he comments and analyzes the work of others. The hypothesis is guided by a series of questions -How does he read, when he reads others? What vocabulary, resources, and figures of speech make up his critical writing? What principle, truths, and persistences shape his ethics as a critical reader? What does he expropriate, what does he keep when intruding in others' fiction? -, my hypothesis is that such critical production a) evaluates books according to an economic vocabulary and logic; b) practices a cult of the untimely according to an affirmative conception and use of anachronism; and c) exhibits the principles and operations that his literature extracts from a national anti-historicist library: Borges, Saer, Puig y Piglia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze Dreaming in Cuban as a coming of age text, in which the maturing process is determined by self-awareness as well as the accumulation of emotional capital. Using a theoretical framework of affects and emotions, the author identifies the emotional legacies received by the main character to show this contradiction is transformed into emotional capital. It is shown how this transformation is possible by choosing empathy as the pivotal point of the emotional structure, and how it is through the social value given to empathy in this historic moment, that the protagonist can mature, while restoring family ties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a preliminary and modest incursion into certain theoretical aspects concerning José Ángel Valente's works on questions such as "poetry" and "art", and puts forward significant links between it and Kant's "Critique" of aesthetic judgement (finalism without aim, schematization without concept, free beauty, etc.). The hermeneutical background behind points towards a certain investigative direction which is brought to light from the very start and with which our article tries to be consistent to the very end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poetry book España, aparta de mí este cáliz by César Vallejo shows his commitment with the Republican side during the Spanish Civil War. War is reflected through the body in different ways: combatants react as if they were only one body, the poet struggles with his writing within his limited flesh, battles take place within the corporal limits of soldiers' bodies, and the country whose universal destiny is at risk appears as a mother carrying her womb in agony. This paper studies how the constant presence of the body in Vallejo's works reaches both a metaphorical and a literal plenitude in this book, which enables the defense of the República. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to highlight the relevance and the influence of photography in the narrative of the Bolivian writer Maximiliano Barrientos. This work analyzes the main functions that photography plays in his texts, both in the story line and in the narrative style, mostly in the volume of short stories Fotos tuyas cuando empiezas a envejecer. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the reflection on the ability of photography, art and literature to record experiences and to save them from passing of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper follows a track proposed but not developed by Michel Foucault. In his lectures on the Abnormal (1975), the author linked the character of the criminal religious with the figure of the "political monster" but focused only on the type of tyrant. Following this suggestion, our work explores the genealogy of the ecclesiastical man abusing minors. On the one hand, the profile of the "pederast priest" is traced as a biological enemy of the nation and of the class, in the context of the Spanish culture at the end of the colonial Empire, in the transition from the 19th to the 20th century. On the other hand, this form of subjectivity is contrasted with that of the "pedophile clergyman", as it currently appears in the testimonies of the victims, in the media and in the social sciences. The intention is to show the belonging of both classes of person to very different biopolitical scenarios, despite the continuity of the teratological motive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our main objective is to study, within the context of neoliberal reforms, the transition of a regulating State to an entrepreneurial State concerning urban management in Lima, Peru since 1990. For this we have carried out retro-progressive research. Firstly, we analyzed the regulatory framework that established real estate operations in the city. Secondly, we have come to understand the current situation, analyzing the case of Lince district to corroborate and diagnose an entrepreneurial urban development. The methodology applied was to analyze its urban management tools and interviews with neighborhood delegates in order to understand how the city changed not only in its surface, behind and beneath it, but also in its sociability. The results show that Lima, and Peru in general, assimilates the model of free market as the only way of creating a city and, consequently, with the endorsement of local authorities and real estate agencies, fragmenting and privatizing districts. This paper's contribution lies in pointing out how Lima, unlike its Latin American peers, has a laissez-faire approach that, far from regressing regulations both on a metropolitan and a local scale, has expanded them in the name of efficiency and the rationality of market logics, creating thus the paradox of a deregulated city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the sentences formed by a demonstrative pronoun and an adjective unid by a copulative verb (e. g. Eso es grave). So far, the approach to this type of sentence has been limited to their relation with forms ended in -mente. In this work we analize this phenomenon according to bases of the theory of relation between sentences and we take a corpus of current Spanish from social media. We prove that this type of sentences are involved in a Relation of Evaluation as a satelllites of other(s) sentence(s) that constitutes the nucleus of that relation. That relation are based on lingüistic signals like the indexical character of the demonstrative pronoun and specially because of the character of the adjective. Moreover, that type of relation can also acquire an argumentative dimension and the evaluation contained in the satellite sentence can be an argument or a conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the articulatory description and the notational system to represent the "figurative pronunciations" that appear in the Novísima gramática para aprender a leer, hablar y escribir rápida y correctamente el idioma inglés (1886) and in the Compendio de la Novísima gramática (1887) by the Protestant reverend of Spanish origin and settled in Puerto Rico Zacarías Vall Espinosa. It is a contribution to the history of teaching English pronunciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the uses of the Spanish indefinite pronoun uno, in a diaphasic oral corpus, which is organized by communicative situations ranging from formal monologues to colloquial conversations with family and friends. The description incorporates a basic distinction between the communicative and the thematic role of the sentences where the indefinite pronoun appears, as well as the pragmatic parameters of referential accessibility, interlocutivity and genericity, which allow observing the alternations with other pronouns in the communicative space of the discursive universe in the context of the conversation. The main results show a depersonalizationpersonalization operation linked to the interlocutory relationship that, in addition to the generic character traditionally assigned to the pronoun uno, allows describing an expressive and an appellative use, in a continuum of specificity-genericity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to inquire a corpus of columns of the language (CDL) of the Argentine magazine El Hogar: the section entitled "La paja en el ojo ajeno..." signed by Pescatore di Perle (Francisco Ortiga Anckermann). This CDL was published weekly for almost fifty years (between 1914 and 1963). I will analyze the columns of 1927, the year in which new debates on the national language appeared, especially in the newspaper Crítica. In the context of the institutionalization of philological disciplines in Argentina, the professionalization of the disciplone and the appearance of porteño dialects and colloquial expressions in the media, Pescatore di Perle's columns were a proposal on the use of language for the society that the magazine represented. The hypothesis that we want to demonstrate is that in them, through a strategy of prize and reward, the readership is encouraged to appropriate common sense about the "appropriate" uses of the language. The selection and awarding of the hunt for typos and the comments on the matter functioned as actions typical of «language surveillance», according to the perspective of Laienlinguistik, through which a specific linguistic citizenship was proposed. On the other hand, these CDL promoted linguistic correctness while using, without questioning, certain colloquial expressions as well as lexicon of cocoliche and lunfardo. This functioned, apparently, as objects of ridicule but in the same act, they were given body and representation for their use and domination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cierto, correcto, exacto y seguro are adjectives that act both in the microstructural and macrostructural spheres of discourse. Within sentence boundaries, they act as lexical items, while in the macrostructural dimension they function as functions words, using Hopper-Traugott's (1993) terminology. In the macrostructural sphere, these forms have acquired an intonation and syntactic independence that enables them to constitute independent statements of an epistemic nature that, in addition, act on the argumentative plane. In this paper we intend to show the modal and argumentative productivity that these adjectives present when they appear as independent statements. To do this, we rely on the search in the MEsA Corpus, VALESCO 2.0. Corpus, Corpus COLA(M) and in the academic corpus (CORDE, CREA and CORPES XXI). The theoretical-methodological framework followed is Macrosyntax (Fuentes Rodríguez 2013, 2017, 2019) developed from Pragmatic Linguistics (Fuentes Rodríguez 2017 [2000]). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The so-called complementation of attitude or viewpoint adverbial represents one of the least analyzed classes of markers or constructions in the field of discourse markers. These units were initially described as forms of neutral modality. It implies that they are not able to pragmatically orient the discourse or, at least, they are seen as slightly attenuating forms, because they express the pure opinion of the speaker. This paper presents an analysis of these units, using an argumentative approach, and the methodological principles of pragmatic linguistics, in order to demonstrate that they have a complex nature: they operate both in the field of orientation and antiorientation and they strengthen or mitigate the argumentative force, based on the type of text where they appear and on their co-appearance with other modal elements and their position in the statement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interjection is considered in some grammars as a class of words, other times it is included among the exclamatory groups. Its macrosyntactic behavior has been scarcely approached despite constituting a broad and dynamic paradigm. The interjection can act as an autonomous modal utterance or be included within the utterance performing various functions. The scope of the affected element in each case differs. This paper analyzes those contexts in which interjective terms with malsonant content develop procedural meanings of argumentative intensification. We describe their syntagmatic distribution, their scope and the constructions they generate. We also delimit whether we are dealing with free or semi-fixed constructions and in which cases we can already speak of grammaticalized discourse operators or those close to fixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign languages educators are still looking for research methods that could allow them to embrace and comprehend the complexity of language teaching and learning. It was within this framework the methodology called action-research has been applied: to study a social situation in which the researchers faces the intention of improving it. The method was created and described by Kurt Lewin in the 1940s through his social experiments. In foreign language teaching, the term refers to a wide range of strategies implemented to improve the educational system of teaching and learning. According to their methodological principles, the research is conducted by the same person who acts and makes decisions combining the role of a researcher and a teacher. The main goal is to identify action strategies that are implemented and later subjected to observation, reflection and possible changes. In this paper the author focuses on the possibilities and limitations that the action research represents for didactics researcher. His own experience based on this methodology is a point of reference for this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses a set of situations of daily mobility referred to the social collective of femal domestic workers in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Region. Our main objective is to identify--from a structural perspective--the general features o these workers' mobility and their relation to socia differentiation as a characteristic of the metropolitan city. Domestic workers represent a high proportion of the female metropolitan workers. This group ha been characterized by extremely vulnerable socia conditions and precarious labor relations. Regarding mobility, they make the longest trips, with mor transfers, and mainly by public transport. Th spatiality of their trips reveals the social geography of cities and their residential inequalities. W relied on the quantitative analysis of the mobility data generated by public institutions in terms o socio-territorial differentiation. Results show th metropolitan articulation and differentiation between residential and employment locations, where thre mobility subsystems can be distinguished: local subregional, and metropolitan. This approach help to understand the current metropolitan dynamic in terms of scenarios of multiple interactions and diverse social temporalities, evincing socio-spatia segregation processes in city and mobility model that favor inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matters of care has been a relevant issue for several decades in feminist studies, particularly in relation to the power relations that have been built from their feminization, and the consequences they have had in all spheres of life. Despite their importance, the way care is spatialized has not been sufficiently treated based on the daily interrelations in which they are part of. Based on research taken place over the course of a decade by a collective group of researchers on the daily mobility practices as well as on care issues, we have been able to identify six categories that contribute to the spatialization of care from a relational spaces approach. Through mobile ethnographies of urban dwellers' daily lives, we were able to understand how care strategies and circulations take place, and their relation with subjects of care, practices, time spaces, places, affects, materialities and objects that support care in cities like Santiago, Concepción or Temuco. Understanding them from a perspective of relational space helps to visualize the complexity that care implies, and at the same time the intertwined implications of space that go beyond domestic space. This paper contributes to the existing work on the invisible aspects of care including the spatialization of care and to the discussion on the need to defamiliarize and collectivize care in Chile. This is particularly relevant today, as care became a major issue in Chile and globally due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as it was possible to identify the material reality of care in tangible ways, and also to question the ways we want to care for ourselves and our living space in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of the construction of the theoretical and thematic background of the research project entitled "Disability in Urban Public Space. Public Policy, Materiality, and Inclusion in Bogotá D.C." and seeks to identify the trends and main currents related to the production of public space and its impact on social inclusion or exclusion, especially of people with disabilities. The issue is addressed by contemporary debates raised by different authors about the construction and social production of space and their influence on the physical-spatial reality of cities. The studies and theorizations of these authors are critically approached in order to build a reflection about the right to the city, the spatial inclusion/exclusion, and disability in public space. For this purpose, a systematized literature review was carried out based on the SALSA methodology (Search, AppraisaL, Synthesis, and Analysis). As a result of this review, it became evident that there is a systematic separation between the production of physical space and social space derived from the acts of dominant power mediated by expert technocrats who conceive, project, and materialize physical space and its difference from the practices, perceptions, and experiences of those who use it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines seven tourist places in the Spanish province of Alicante, where it is possible to identify a greater presence or agency of LGBTQ+ communities. They are also coastal enclaves highly appreciated by heteronormative society and thus crossed by spatial conflicts and exclusion policies that allow their reality to be approached from an intersectional perspective. Our study reveals that, in addition to the gradients of dispossession and discrimination that non-normative inhabitants suffer transversally in society, the queer condition, upon intersecting with the class factor, causes differentiated experiences in terms of segregation, harassment and homophobic violence. In each location, the idiosyncrasy of the physical and cultural geography suggests specific analytical methodologies, mostly qualitative, which, together with an effort of queer pedagogy, invite us to reflect on other ways of producing and sharing knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper has as starting point the reflection about the poetological and aesthetic function of pain in Charles Baudelaire’s literary work. After that, we address the relationship that can be established between this writing of pain and the “trembling” that the modern aesthetic discourse has associated with the experience of the sublime. The principle of the “alchemy of pain” that is at the base of The Flowers of Evil allows us to think about how this affect gives an unusual vigor to the perceptual and affective dimension of the aesthetic experience. The pain, far from presenting in Baudelaire the confirmation that the circle of the spleen closes the world, breaks out as a vector of intensification of the affective experience of art that allows the imagination to be emancipated from the weight of the images that disturb it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the crisis suffered by literary criticism in the nineteen seventies and that has extended with even greater force today, it seems useful to return to the approach Borges developed in a paper that was first published in 1953 with the title “El escritor argentino y la tradición” which was later included in the reedition of Discusión in 1957. Here the author analyzes a recurring theme in Hispanoamerican literary studies, the tradition of “South American” bellelettres, especially Argentinean: “I think our tradition is that of all Western culture and I also think we have a right to this tradition which is greater than that of inhabitants of any other Western nation”. The replies were not long in coming. I dare suggest they were a glimpse of the perplexity of today’s reader, who is familiar with other answers, in particular, those of sociology or related fields, such as cultural anthropology, that have proposed that the way to reach the originality and autonomy of Hispanoacamerican literature resides in highlighting the differences that separate us from the Western Cannon. To examine and argue in favor of Borges´ thesis in the framework of the current situation of literary criticism, slowly but seemingly inexorably displaced by cultural studies, especially in university literature departments, is the pretensión of this work, which I hope is free of prejudice although I recognize that they never cease to be present in an undertaking of this type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to make a critical analysis of the novel El olvido que seremos by Héctor Abad Faciolince. After its publication in 2006, this novel quickly became a bestseller of memory in Colombia for the testimonial value of the narration and for the editorial platform that supported it. However, a critical approximation shows that this novel is articulated like a classist, heteropatriarchal, and hegemonic representation of memory. In this sense, the purpose of this work is to analyze the textual and intertextual mechanisms that configure this memory modulation in order to open a discussion that allows not only to make visible more inclusive memories but also to avoid the institutionalization of some memories and the consequent invisibilization of diverse subjectivities and violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper approaches William Henry Hudson’s autobiographical work, Far Away and Long Ago - A History of My Early Life (1918), from the point of view of the authorial construction –carried out through memory and the autobiographical discourse– of childhood as the space of what we shall call a retrospective utopia, which is deeply intertwined with the leitmotif of the lost paradise. Our interest in Hudson’s text and its use of the utopian genre comes from the construction of a territory defined by an authorial crossing of self and hetero-images where we intend to track the marks of a representation of the Argentine, whether present or absent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an analysis of Juvenal’s XIV Satire based on the expressions avarus felix and pauper beatus, which shape a relevant dilemma to the interpretation of the Satire. First, I will evaluate avarus felix, looking to show that, besides being an incompatibility, it holds the notion of egestas, which would lower the individual to the moral quality of a slave. Second, I will point out that along the Satire XIV several pictures show individuals under that very conception of needed beings, so that no matter how much they show themselves publicly as free romans, in a moral level they are quite the contrary. Finally, I will evaluate pauper beatus and explain that true wealth is not the indiscriminate amassing of goods but sufficiency achieved through those owned. Thus, the relation shown by Juvenal between morality and wealth would be mediated by the ideas of sufficiency and necessity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper formulates an approach to memory in Elena Garro’s novel, its relationship with historical truth and its restatement through active imagination according to the point of view of Paul Ricoeur. The story reviews conventional binomials (collective-individual, story-dream, reality-fiction, power-love) and transforms them from the notion of anámnesis, with which it blurs the present and eliminates the past-future distance. With a perspective that goes from critical operation to action, the novel sets out to replace a notion of memory-object by a notion of memory-illusion. The author raises the act of imagination as new knowledge in the face of misfortune and marginality, not as a historical-social alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poetry of Hanni Ossott (1946-2002) is hardly known beyond Venezuelan frontiers, and so is any domestic or foreign research, almost non-existent, about her published works, an exception being El reino donde la noche se abre (1987). Such a scenario, unfortunately, continues to be so regarding her other works, especially the ones published thereafter. For this reason, this article will focus on one of her later poetry books, Casa de agua y de sombras (1992), since, as will be argued, it might be the most relevant one to understand the spatial-subjective processes that characterize the Ossottian oeuvre. Drawing upon Bachelard’s theories of space, this paper will attempt to explain how the poet goes from the versification of abstract and hostile space to the poetry of lived space, which will offer answers to her identity dilemma: we are nothing more than what we inhabit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resounding triumph of Latin American and Spanish women writers in Spanish-speaking and world literary markets in recent years is a consequence of significant changes in the gatekeeping process, as well as fundamental shifts in ideas about the relationship between the novel and the market. This paper proposes a discussion of the role of the Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Prize, founded in 1993 and awarded each year to novels written by women in Spanish America (including Spain), in this process. The text will first discuss the prize as part of a trend of literary prizes in which women can participate exclusively, such as the Women’s Prize of Fiction. It will then discuss in particular the cases of prize-winning women writers who have achieved resonance beyond the Spanish language (such as Cristina Rivera Garza, Lina Meruane, Marina Perezagua, Nona Fernández and María Gainza) as opposed to others (Silvia Molina, Ana García Bergua, Inés Fernández Moreno) whose recognition is limited to the language. In this way, the award will be used as a privileged place to discuss the mechanisms and limitations faced by Latin American women writers in concentric circles of cultural capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the artículos de costumbres of the Mexican illustrated magazines El Museo Mexicano (1843-1846), directed in its first period by Guillermo Prieto and Manuel Payno, and Revista Científica y Literaria (1845-1846), also edited by both. It analyzes the article titled “Cuadros de costumbres” by Prieto, which should be considered programmatic, and studies the articles as a part of a project to Mexicanize the country, to define and reform the new Mexican nation. It also focuses on the on the complex dynamics that it maintains with respect to foreign influence, especially French and Spanish. At the same time, it pays attention to the will of the publishers to build a nation that is geographically and socially inclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering anthologies as cultural artifacts, in this paper we focus on the case of Pasaje de ida, published by Alfaguara, to analyze the ways in which the anthology can be thought linked to the category of gatekeeper, as an editorial mediation that has the purpose of making Latin American authors visible. We reflect on what functions anthologies fulfill in the national and foreign literary fields and what relationships exist between the anthology and the position of the authors in the international field of translated Latin American literature. The text explores the hypothesis that anthologies fulfill a productive function in both systems: the national field and the international field. This anthology is a privileged prism to think about the category of gatekeeper, and the ways in which authors are inserted into the market for translated Latin American literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I propose a review of the internationalization of the novel The Partner (El socio, 1928) by the Chilean writer Jenaro Prieto. As such, we will aim to understand its translation and introduction into the languages and audiences of several European countries between 1930 and 1936. Based on a detailed review of the novel’s reception in France and the author’s trip to Italy in 1934, my hypothesis is that within Chile the intellectual and political networks that made its internationalization possible were concealed, as it was preferable to explain its success solely by virtue of the literary excellence of Prieto’s work. This implied a false and distorted representation of the mediations and agencies that mobilize global literary exchanges, which will be analyzed below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following article explores the 20st and 21st century Venezuelan crime novel. Its main objective is to analyze the particular characteristics of the noir genre in this Latin American country through its four essential pillars: crime, the detective, the victim and the victimizer. The paper shows the evolution of crime novel in Venezuela, with special attention to the relevant writers during 20th century. In this way, the paper thinks about the unity and diversity of Venezuelan crime novel and his value as instrument of cultural identity. Many of the contemporaries writers have been recognized the power of this narrative and the usefulness of its resources. Within this panorama, the contribution that women writers have given has been very important for the Venezuelan crime novel. An wide part these narratives, rather than felling about the pursuit of the criminal or the discovering of the truth, narrate the deciphering of way of being and living in the midst of violence of the great Venezuelan cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the honor to Christian martyrs during the first centuries of Christianity. In particular, reference will be made to the position held by the honor to martyrs in the thought and work of St. John Chrysostom, one of the greatest fathers of Christianity. A great part will focus on the analysis of sermons and writings by John Chrysostom. related to the martyrs' life. Finally, this paper will explore a series of roles that martyrs, through the emerging worship of the Church, have fulfilled for Christians at the end of the fifth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic literacy studies have shown that the main weakness manifested by students who join an academic community are focused on the difficulty of texts comprehension from their discipline. The lexicon plays an important role on this point, since the quantity and quality of the personal lexicon will influence this process. In the case of this paper, we will present the results of the normative study applied to students of the Faculty of Education of a Chilean regional university to measure the variables of concretion and familiarity. The surveys that make up this study were created from a base of 536 words, obtained from five compulsory bibliographical references of an area of sociology of education through computational analysis and refined according to criteria of extension, initial syllable and frequency. The conclusions of the paper shows that the relationships between both indices are linear, but not strong, which validates the hypothesis that the more familiar a word is, the more concrete it is perceived by the speaker. The data also establish that the words that are perceived as unfamiliar and not very specific are the least, although their distribution does not respond to a normal curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the process of emergence of the egalitarian social movement during the period of1848-1851 in Chile. It also seeks to comprehend the causes that provoke its appearance and the alliances that took shape to put pressure toward a democratic transformation of the Chilean political scene. The findings are based on an expense analysis of primary sources and tries to understand the egalitarian demand and its contributions to the renewal of the political debate of the period. The paper seeks to propose that the egalitarian movement supported its demand in a democratic-republican conception of freedom, equality and fraternity, key aspect that has not been exposed so clearly proved in other studies, and that this movement was an essential piece of the process that manage to democratize Chilean politics at the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an historical and critical panorama about Chilean drama throughout the XX and XXI centuries, based on the review of papers published in the Revista Chilena de Literatura since 1970 until 2018. This study examines some prominent playwriters and plays emphasized in different papers, embracing dissimilar theoretical and critical approaches, which are related to each other. Our purpose is two-fold; first, build a canon and a tradition which will order our national dramaturgy; second, but no less important, demonstrate the contribution of the Revista Chilena de Literatura on the critical and theoretical studies of Chilean dramaturgy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reads some discussions and a poem written by Andrés Bello in the context of the hostility towards materialist ideas that can be read in the first half of the nineteenth century in Latin America. To this purpose, it begins by presenting some general notions about the materialist critique of religion and authority. Subsequently, it explains the impossibility of the development of a certain "radical Enlightenment" in the framework of the Latin American society of that time. Bello's criticism of materialism is then presented, particularly in relation to the work of Lucretius, which he presents by translating and transforming a text by Abel-François Villemain with which Bello seeks to separate Lucretius from any form of literature. This explains why Lucretius is quoted in the founding speech of the University of Chile to explain what literature should not be. Poetry for Bello must be antimaterialist, as in the poem in which he revisits the materialist topic of the fall to support the need for a spiritual direction of the body and the people. Finally, we highlight the importance that the revision of materialism can have for a critique of the past and present of an authoritarian democracy in the continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following research performs a critical review of 1872's Martina Barros translation of The Subjection of Women by John Stuart Mill. The main interest of this paper is to understand the objective of translating this text in the context of late 19th Chilean century, the linguistic changes the author chose in her translation due to her points of view, and the fact of a 22-year-old woman becoming a pioneering translator of a foundational feminist text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nineteenth-century art critics analyzed in parallel the works of Celia Castro and the Mira sisters, given that they were contemporaries. In the following paper, we propose to study relevant aspects of Castro's life that set her apart from the artistic development of Magdalena and Aurora Mira, mainly for two reasons. The first is that she was a milestone in the history of national art, as she was the first artist to obtain a scholarship from the Chilean government to continue her studies abroad, in 1901. Moreover, once she returned to the country, after spending more than 25 years in France, she laid the foundations of a group of painters from Valparaíso known as the "Porteña Generation", which puts Celia Castro as a pioneering artist in Chilean female art. Along with the above, it was possible to unveil the mystery of the relationship between her and Salvador Allende, due to the fact that in some investigations it was pointed out that the painter was the politician's grandmother; nevertheless, it was possible to correct this fact that for years has been present in her biography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a double reflection on the cognitive differences between humans and machines from ethics. In the first place, I will try to differentiate between human thought and machine processing through etymological, semantic and comparative methods that will reveal why it is not possible to attribute thinking capacities to artificial intelligences. On the other hand, these terms will be related to the praxis of representative democracy through various examples. This analysis is based on three aims: the need for mutual recognition through language; the commitment acquired through the word; and democracy as an expression of justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking as a starting point the important critical exchange between John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas in The Journal of Philosophy in March 1995, the aim of this paper is to explore the place that consensus occupies in the foundation of the political thought of both authors. In such a way that the intersubjective character that underlies both Rawls' theory of justice and Habermasian discourse ethics can be highlighted. The above, in fact, implies a conceptual exercise that leads to the clarification of two argumentative paths, both heirs of an own interpretation of Kant, aimed at providing a solution to the foundation of moral principles in contemporary plural societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a Reading of Schillers' letters On the aesthetic Education of Man from the viewpoint of the concept "sociability" with which Schiller situates, in the last letter, the territory where the aesthetic way towards "freedom" would break through. It is pointed to the propagation of the sociability concept via the kantian anthropology and the sociology of Simmel. It is postulated the affinity of this approach with the contemporary thinking of the event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines a line of argument in modern historiography that tends to discredit the historical value of the Diodorean narrative of the Sicilian Servile Wars by conceiving its author as resembling a novelist. We critici that perspective by analysing the Diodorean notions of the truth, candour, and accuracy. We show that, although Diodorus is not only interested in factual truth, he is strongly committed to it. On the other hand, the context in which he wrote his account, a period in which there was already a bibliographical production concerning the revolts, makes it difficult to imagine that Diodorus had a wide margin for fictional manoeuvre. Moreover, it is supported by what can be compared with Florus, an author presumably of Livian tradition, whose depiction of Eunus' magical and divinatory qualities is equally negative in terms of fraud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the advantages of a dynamic notion of context in which not only shared knowledge, but also accommodation of assumptions has a central role. To this end, we analyze the interpretation of tautologies: according to the literature, their interpretation is based on prior knowledge. By contrast, our hypothesis is that shared knowledge is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for the felicitous uses of a tautology. To support our view, we conducted a corpus study and an interpretation questionnaire with two experimental tasks. The results align with our predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]