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The aim of this paper is to analyze metaphors about the social outbreak in editorials, from Diario El Sur and Diario Concepción, two of Concepción's local newspapers. The corpus was composed of 23 editorials from these newspapers. Metaphor identification was done through Discourse Dynamics Approach to Metaphor. A total of 653 metaphors was found, which was then grouped, resulting in a total sum of 268 metaphors for the analysis. In this research, the editorial perspective about the social outbreak of two local newspapers was studied through metaphor. In both media outlets, similar metaphor vehicles were used. While Diario El Sur prioritizes the need for normalization, Diario Concepción legitimates the demonstrations as an expression of social discontent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the process of emergence of the egalitarian social movement during the period of1848-1851 in Chile. It also seeks to comprehend the causes that provoke its appearance and the alliances that took shape to put pressure toward a democratic transformation of the Chilean political scene. The findings are based on an expense analysis of primary sources and tries to understand the egalitarian demand and its contributions to the renewal of the political debate of the period. The paper seeks to propose that the egalitarian movement supported its demand in a democratic-republican conception of freedom, equality and fraternity, key aspect that has not been exposed so clearly proved in other studies, and that this movement was an essential piece of the process that manage to democratize Chilean politics at the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there has been a number of studies on the first Chilean neighborhood revitalization program known as "Quiero mi Barrio", their focus has centered on the exploration of impact evaluations, satisfaction surveys, institutional level analysis and citizen participation, amongst others. In other words, these studies regard this program as a rationally based action or technical instrument, an organized set of principles, objectives, concrete measures and coordinated actions. However, there is no research on the conception and formulation of this initiative, which suggests the need to analyze it as a non-rational process of collective action. Based on diverse approaches from the sociology of public action, the genealogical method developed by Foucault, the cognitive and mobility approaches to public policies and the analysis of 26 interviews with key informants and around 100 institutional documents and press releases, this paper examines three program constitutive events -its political process of development, the "social integration" term conceptualizations and the adoption of the neighborhood contract model- which demonstrate that its formulation is not based on rational planning but on a collective-based action process influenced by interests, values and representations where power and the diversity of approaches to an initial idea are fundamental to understand the nature of this initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This exploratory paper examines the main manifestations of political violence in the Great Concepcion during the Salvador Allende's Government and the Popular Unity especially in the few circumstances where there was result of death, what happened during municipal of 1971 and 1973 parliamentary election campaigns; in addition, characterize where there was result of death, what happened during municipal of 1971 and 1973 parliamentary election campaigns; in addition, characterize expressions of violence in the economic and educational fields. The analysis focuses on the finding of the facts and their consequences, in a time where in the society is warn manifestations of violence as a medium for the achievement of objectives of diverse nature to short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research about the Chilean military dictatorship has been heavily focused on two areas. On the one hand, repression and physical violence; and on the other hand, the events occurred in the capital city of Santiago. This has meant that issues such as the analysis of the hegemonic process of the dictatorship outside the capital are still on the preliminary phase and at a lesser extent in comparison to the investigations focused on Santiago. In the light of the foregoing, this article is to consider the hegemonic process driven by the regime of Augusto Pinochet in a regional space as the 'Greater Concepción', in Chile. Specifically, the paper will address some measures imposed by the dictatorship on its early days, with an emphasis in the study of the persuasive and disciplinary role played by the Mother's Centers, better known as CEMA Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The southern Chilean Andes area and its socialcultural sphere have been affected by migrants who aspire to develop new lifestyles different from that of large cities. Encouraged by the dream of achieving a better life in relatively remote places, they bring utopian projects associated with creative practices. This paper analyzes three community-based initiatives developed by migrants, studies their aspirations, dreams and interests and explores how newcomers develop emotional attachment to their new spaces and create new relationships with local communities. It is argued that these interventions give rise to the emergence of "hybrid places" characterized by the generation of diversified simultaneous understandings. It concludes with a discussion about the importance of studying developed spaces created on the basis of understandings that transcend modern linear and material thinking, suggesting the possibility of creating new social and spatial dimensions different than those imposed by capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to enrich the analytical record of the process of formation of the political system of the Argentine “Confederation” in the 1850s, from the specificities of San Juan province. We considered variations of San Juan political and economic integration in the national and “transcordillerano” stage. We reveal that the attempts of San Juan authorities to (re)articulated in a long-standing activity as overland trade with Chile, though not always successful, were important both to define provincial political tensions and the gravitation of the province in the political and institutional frame of the “Confederation”. So, we analyzed provincial, regional and international aspects of this process, taking into account the multiplicity of actors, resources, ideas and practices that were involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a global trend towards the “rediscovery" of urban centers for capital reproduction purposes. Such an exercise involves high levels of private investment for the development of new spaces, services and dwellings aimed at middle and higher-income segments, thus suggesting a close relationship with the financial phase of urban capitalism. In this context, gentrification theory is currently regarded either as an explanation that allows the development of the field of comparative research, based on generic definitions about the process, or through adopting a post-colonial ‘provincial' approach that rejects the very concept of gentrification as a structural narrative that comes from the Global North inapplicable to the Global South. This paper suggests the need to develop an episteme intended to separate factual aspects and explore some key spatial, political, economic and social elements associated with the gentrification phenomenon. Such an exercise is based on the analysis of two cities, Santiago and Mexico City, as well as from an updated theoretical review, referring to other world cities. It is concluded that gentrification processes at planetary level seem to converge and share the same characteristics within a context marked by the greater mobility and aggressiveness of political-financial power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the first period of periodical press by and for women in Chile: “The Pioneers" (1850-1890). It offers the first registry of publications within the period. There are 16 newspapers and magazines which were indexed and categorized. Taking into consideration the concept of public sphere and the perspective of gender, four types of women to women publications were identified. They show the emergence of feminine topics associated to undertakings within the possibilities given by the public sphere and the ability of these women to assume a counter-public role. Thus they are evidence of women's participation in the written culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peri-urban expansion in Santiago, Chile, is related to the development of private satellite towns. The projects developed in the municipality of Lampa deserve some analysis since they shed light on the establishment of emerging middleincome groups in peri-urban areas. Though the process of peri-urbanization of Santiago has been widely studied, the impact of private housing projects on the quality of life of inhabitants remains unclear. Through sixty interviews with inhabitants of Larapinta and Valle Grande, this paper confirms the paradoxical happiness of middle-class peri-urbanites. Such a contradiction emerges from the satisfaction related to the achievement of higher residential standards and the financial vulnerability derived from a lifestyle based on mobility and the availability of private facilities. Far from being a haven of livability, these projects show the vulnerability of middle-income groups with precarious tools to inhabit the private peri-urban sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to highlight the problem of female authorship in the second half of the nineteenth century in Chile, considering the publication strategies and the genres of literary discourse privileged by women writers. In this context, the feuilleton-novel is seen as a genre that allowed writers to provide the author-function, within the larger process of emergence of a public space and the construction of an incipient cultural/intellectual field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to highlight the problem of female authorship in the second half of the nineteenth century in Chile, considering the publication strategies and the genres of literary discourse privileged by women writers. In this context, the feuilleton-novel is seen as a genre that allowed writers to provide the author-function, within the larger process of emergence of a public space and the construction of an incipient cultural/intellectual field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The judeophobia --usually known as anti-Semitism-- is one of the oldest forms of social exclusion. Although it has some features in common with other similar phenomenons, like xenophobia and racism, it has a specific characteristic that makes it unique: its --in Gustavo Perednik's words-- "chimerical" character. That means a strong tendency to become emancipated of reality, opting for complex stories where Jews are ridiculously powerful and evil. These superstitious stories constitute the myth of the Jewish worldwide conspiracy, whose best example is The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. In Chile, the main anti-Jewish discourse of this type is the work of the writer Miguel Serrano, who pretends "to explain" the recent History of Chile and South America from his anti-Jewish representations. In this paper we will see two brief examples. Through them we will outline a scheme of how the Miguel Serrano's judeophobic discourse operate, discourse that works as ideological support for many radical groups in the contemporary "virtual" Neonazism context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a reply to the article by Sergio Villalobos entitled "Bolivia y el mar" that appeared in Cuadernos de Historia N° 28. It deals with the colonial boundaries between the Charcas Audience and Chile, from legal, historical, and documentary viewpoints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chile's recent success in reducing poverty has been remarkable, with poverty rates falling by approximately two-thirds over the last 20 years. However, further gains against poverty may be inhibited by the increasing difficulty associated with targeting fewer poor people and better, more localized information may thus be required. Moreover, public policy that seeks to understand the relationship between poverty, socioeconomic status and urban or rural residence depends on survey data that may not be representative at low levels of aggregation; although censuses are representative by definition, they generally lack detailed income data. Recent mapping techniques combining census and survey data afford detailed descriptions of the spatial distribution of poverty. Indeed, such techniques enable the calculation of robust and statistically precise estimates of poverty at low levels of aggregation, allowing a more nuanced picture of poverty to emerge. In this paper we use such methodologies to produce consistent estimates of both rural and urban poverty at the county level in Chile. The results demonstrate considerable heterogeneity in local poverty, suggesting that future antipoverty policies must be targeted at the local level. Moreover, the estimates we provide may be used to further analyze the causes and consequences of localized poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to close the debate initiated with Mr. Miguel Barros, about the presentation of the royal dispositions, cartographical data and the activities of the authorities from Charcas and Chile, about maritime limits between both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper elucidates the representations of Chile in publications of the American Society of Geographers of the United States between 1859 and 1884, considering how these were affected by the War of the Pacific. In this frame the present investigation uses the notion of scientific imperialism to understand to what extent publications and works associated with the sciences reflected the economic and political interests of the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the arrival of the early Sephardim during the Colony, the Jewish community has faced many challenges, being judeophobia the most persistent and dangerous. This judeophobia has come from many fronts, especially from the far right and its Nazi wing. During the eighties of the last century the major figures of the Chilean judeophobia of far right changed: coinciding with the fall of Franz Pfeiffer's WUNS brand, the figure of Miguel Serrano raised as the most important Chilean Nazi and judeophobic thinker in Spanish language. In this paper we will analyze the judeophobic books of this period, with emphasis on his main contributions to the judeophobic discourse of the far right in Spanish language, and we will finish with a reflection about the operation of his judeophobia from a semiotic point of view. We think that when we do it, we are contributing to the study and to break down the discourses of the present far right groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider different perspectives on Chilean and Argentinean Judaism, related to four main traits: a) the organization of Jewish and secular identities, with progressive and liberal components, although religion is not the central identity element; b) the consolidation of a religious orthodox space; c) the formation of new Jewish identities, that are not integrated into the structures of institutional Jewish communities; e) the emergence of some dissidence in Chilean and Argentinean Judaism, as part and parcel of a reaction to the official discourse about the Arab-Israeli Conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]