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This paper explores the equivalence between episodic foresight measures and its relationship with future oriented processes and the theory of mind in preschoolers. Future oriented processes and episodic foresight have been indicated as a grounding basis of important developmental achievements such as planning, self-regulation and social adaptation. Also, it was postulated that the theory of mind and episodic foresight are related due to a shared common neural substrate. The objective of the first study, in which 15 children aged 3 and 4 participated, was to explore the developmental coherence between episodic foresight measures and the self-imposed delay of gratification controlled by the reasoning ability. In Study 2, 78 children were tested in episodic foresight, future oriented processes and theory of mind controlled by the language ability. Results show that the different measures of episodic foresight are highly equivalent. Also, in both studies a high behavioral coherence between all the measures analyzed was found. Nevertheless, data do not support the inclusion of episodic foresight in the broader constructs studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease and OA of the knee, in particular, is the major cause of chronic disability among people >65 years. Because nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) improve symptoms in many patients with OA, it is widely considered that OA pain is due to synovial inflammation. However, OA pain may arise also from subchondral bone, the joint capsule, ligaments, tendons, entheses and periarticular muscle spasm. In many patients, the relief of OA pain and overall satisfaction with therapy may be as great with paracetamol (acetaminophen [APAP]) as with an NSAID. Cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-1-sparing NSAIDs (coxibs) are no more effective in the treatment of OA pain than non-selective NSAIDs and, although they may significantly decrease the risk of serious adverse effects related to gastrointestinal ulcers (GI) and ulcer complications, their gastroprotective effect may be reduced by concomitant administration of low-dose aspirin. Also, they may increase the risk of myocardial infarction in predisposed individuals. Because coxibs do not inhibit platelet aggregation, if prophylaxis against thromboembolic disease is required in patients being treated with a selective COX-2 inhibitor, low-dose aspirin should be used in conjunction with the coxib. Furthermore, nonselective NSAI Ds and coxibs may have adverse effects on the kidney, fracture healing and salt and water homeostasis. This paper discusses the relative positioning of APAP, NSAIDs and coxibs in the management of OA, on the basis of considerations of tolerability, efficacy and costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the idea of answering range searching queries using simple data structures. The only data structure we need is the Delaunay Triangulation of the input points. The idea is to first locate a vertex of the (arbitrary) query polygon $\{\backslash cal\; q\}$ and walk along the boundary of the polygon in the Delaunay Triangulation and report all the points enclosed by the query polygon. For a set of uniformly distributed random points in 2-D and a query polygon the expected query time of this algorithm is $O(n^\{1/3\}\; +\; Q\; +\; \{\backslash bf\; E\}K\; +\; L\_\{r\}n^\{1/2\})$, where Q is the size of the query polygon $\{\backslash cal\; q\}$, $\{\backslash bf\; E\}K\; =\; O(n\backslash bcdot\; area(\{\backslash cal\; q\}))$ is the expected number of output points, $L\_\{r\}$ is a parameter related to the shape of the query polygon $\{\backslash cal\; q\}$ and n, and $L\_\{r\}$ is always bounded by the sum of the edge lengths of $\{\backslash cal\; q\}$. Theoretically, when $L\_\{r\}\; =\; O(1/n^\{1/6\})$ the expected query time is $O(n^\{1/3\}\; +\; Q\; +\; \{\backslash bf\; E\}K)$, which improves the best known average query time for general range searching. Besides the theoretical meaning, the good property of this algorithm is that once the Delaunay Triangulation is given, no additional preprocessing is needed. In order to obtain empirical results, we design a new algorithm for generating random simple polygons within a given domain. Our empirical results show that the constant coefficient of the algorithm is small, at least for the special (practical) cases when the query polygon is either a triangle (simplex range searching) or an axis-parallel box (orthogonal range searching) and for the general case when the query polygons are generated by our new polygon-generating algorithms and their sizes are relatively small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]