Search

This essay studies the cultural consequences that the spread of paper money had in late nineteenth-century Brazil. First, I examine how these tensions are called into question through the analysis of a political scandal that took place in Rio de Janeiro, in 1900, concerning a two thousand reales banknote. Second, I offer a close reading of Machado de Assis' "Anedota pecuniária", a short-story included in Histórias sem data (1884). My goal is to interrogate the relation between paper money and the economy of credit work, and the narrative devices of literary fiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers related to the study of the variable Artificial Intelligence and Radiology. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis proposed in this paper was to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in Scopus database during the period 2017-2022 by Latin American institutions, achieving the identification of 48 publications. The information provided by said platform was organized by means of graphs and figures categorizing the information by Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics were described, a qualitative analysis was carried out in order to refer to the position of different authors in relation to the proposed topic. Among the main findings, it is found that Brazil, with 32 publications, was the Latin American country with the highest scientific production registered in the name of authors affiliated to institutions of that nation. The Area of Knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material referring to the study was Medicine with 32 published documents, and the most used type of publication during the above-mentioned period was Conference Articles with 48% of the total scientific production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Caminho da Caiçara II archaeological site is located in the village of Cadoz Velho, a rural area in the municipality of Piripiri, Piauí, Brazil. It consists of a large vertical wall and a small sandstone block containing 101 rock paintings in red and yellow colors. There are abstract figures and human handprints, as well as a bird's footprint and a spear-thrower. There are rock engravings in the shape of cupules. This paper reports the results of in situ monitoring of environmental parameters such as ambient air temperature and relative humidity, rock temperature in areas with and without rock paintings, as well as the speed of the winds that reach the archaeological site under investigation. The experimental data obtained indicate that the thermal action on the pictorial films of the rock paintings from the Caminho da Caiçara II site is clearly more intense than in other nearby archaeological sites. Direct sunlight on the rock paintings for most of the day and year is the main agent responsible for the high heating of the pictorial films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pedra das Letras archaeological site is located in the Barro village, a rural area in the municipality of Piripiri, Piauí, Brazil. The aim of this paper is to present the first data from the survey of this archaeological site, which has recently been registered at the IPHAN, as well as the main problems affecting its degradation. Pedra das Letras consists of a sandstone block containing a small elevated rock shelter and a side niche with red rock paintings. 58 paintings were found on the rock wall at the back of the shelter, and seven handprints have been identified in the side niche. The most frequent figure in the pictorial panels is the handprint, with 45 representations of this motif having been identified, made using different execution techniques. The remaining figures were attributed to the abstract class, some of them without a clearly defined outline. The main conservation problems include the advanced state of degradation of the sandstone, insect nests (such as termites and wasps), salt efflorescence, wear and tear caused by rainwater, and plants attached to the rock block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lajedo do Riacho Braço Forte is an open-air archaeological site located along the rocky bed of the aforementioned stream, in the rural area of Piripiri, northern Piauí, Brazil. The aim of this paper is to present the first data from the survey of the recently found archaeological site and its conservation problems. The practical procedure in the field consisted of (i) obtaining the geographic coordinates of location; (ii) surveying the fixed sharpeners-polishers, mortars or pestles, and cupules, as well as the degradation problems; (iii) panoramic and detailed photographic recording of the archaeological remains and the degradation problems; (iv) prospecting around the site; and (v) monitoring in different expeditions. The new site consists of six points of concentration of ancient human activity marks, such as fixed sharpeners-polishers (identified in the forms of channel or frieze, canoe and polishing basin), mortars or pestles, and cupules, in addition to some lithic remains. In numerical terms, more than 11 mortars or pestles, 6 lithic vestiges, more than 42 fixed sharpeners-polishers, as well as some cupules, were found. The site is used as a recreational area and for washing clothes, and therefore faces intense degradation problems caused by users, especially garbage dumping, in addition to the natural erosive effect and the accumulation of successive generations of microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws from some reflections on the relationship between power and knowledge coloniality and curricular field, since the analysis of curricular documents from Brazil and Argentine. This analysis intends to trace the coloniality elements of power and knowledge connected to the presence and the absence of Afro-Descendants and Africans in both secondary schools/highschools within an international background that fostered the visibilization of Afro-Descendant/African history and culture as well as educational policies prescribing the obligatory nature of level and extension of rights. The chosen period, 2006-2015, is characterized in the regional context by the expansion of educational rights and access at all levels and an increase in state financing, within the framework of the recognition of rights to excluded populations. In the international field, it was characterized by the gestation of the Declaration of the International Year of Afro-descendant by the United Nations Organization in 2011 and the proclamation, in 2013, of the International Decade for People of African Descent that runs from 2015 to 2024. In turn, further questions arise to propose reflections on the curricular field that may contribute to the development of an epistemology of the South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the behavior of a group of industrial multinational subsidiaries located in Brazil in the period 2003-2019. In this context, their surplus increased substantially because of the rise in commodity prices. For this reason, we intend to analyze the destination of the surplus towards non-productive uses. The methodology used incorporated accounting data that were processed to construct useful variables within the disciplinary framework of political economy and economics for economic development. Through this, it was possible to measure the capital flight and financial investments of the selected companies. This paper ties in with the debate on financialization, global productive changes and the forms these phenomena take in developing countries. Despite the surplus increase, the selected firms lost productive density because they promoted non-productive uses, in a general context of the Brazilian economy characterized by financialization and deindustrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to explain the Bolsa Familia Plan and interpret its meaning in Brazilian capitalism. First, it maintains that its emergence was result of the pauperism associated with the increase of the overpopulation, the incremental adjustment with respect to the trajectory of the Brazilian assistance policy and of the internationalization of that policy. Second, it argues that its deployment was explained by the succession of its incremental adjustments from the trial-and-error process, and by its own internationalization. Third, it maintains that, as a result of his deployment, the program modified his initial management mode, which was expressed at a higher level of institutionality, massiveness and technification, which in turn resulted in his greater legitimacy and political gravitation. The PBF strengthened the capacity of the Brazilian state to articulate consensual domination and, with it, to mediate the subordination of labor to capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its appearance in 2020, Brazil and Mexico have been among the most affected countries in the world by covid-19. Their respective presidents, Jair Bolsonaro and Andrés Manuel López Obrador (known as AMLO), have played a leading role in specific policies during the pandemic. Their choices were both singular and counter- intuitive. On the health front, AMLO initially underplayed the seriousness of the situation, and the Brazilian president, Bolsonaro, defended a frankly negationist attitude, with a dramatic balance sheet, without his popularity being seriously affected. On the economic front, they have chosen policies that contradict not only each other but also their own supposed ideological stances. Bolsonaro, who is ranked on the far right, has implemented an emergency transfer program on a scale comparable to those of developed countries and the most massive the country has ever seen. Conversely, AMLO, considered a progressist, provided just a minimum policy package, maintaining his previous electoral program. By adopting a comparative approach and mobilizing a unique and diversified set of data, the objective of this paper is to explore these apparent contradictions. After having established the precise diagnosis of the policies implemented to deal with the crisis and the economic and health situation in the two countries during the 2020-2022 period, we propose an original interpretation grid of the central role played by the two presidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports the political violence, censorship, and state terrorism in the first years of the Brazilian military dictatorship in United States' press, especially through the coverage of The New York Times. The research aims to offer more details about how the paper's coverage affected the change in public opinion inside and outside Brazil, with the hardening of the Brazilian dictatorship with the AI-5, that also documented institutionally the process of transition between the ideas of "revolution" and "military dictatorship", considering also, in this context, the Alliance for Progress' policies, idealized by the president Kennedy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the short story "2035", by Veronica Stigger, focusing in its construction over a boundary zone between the history of the Ragamuffin War and the constructed imaginary about this conflict inside South Brazil literary system. At first, studies of how the Ragamuffin War was represented in the history of literature are reviewed. Then, some pieces of news are analyzed for the purpose of understanding how the literary imaginary impacts contemporary thought in crystallizing a Ragamuffin War's romantic interpretation. Finally, "2035" is explored specifically in how this story dialogues with the history of South Brazil literature and with the contemporary popular discursiveness, rearranging the Ragamuffin War's romantic symbolism to express another side of the same myth. The results show how Stigger creates a "reverse imaginary" to Ragamuffin War, through a dystopian filter directed to what would be its bicentenary; the traditional ode to the Ragamuffin War's alleged republican values of liberty and equality is subverted in a representation of the elitist interests of those who idealized this revolution, of the not so triumphant side of this combat, of all the blood shed during this period and of the mysticism that involves the evoking of the Ragamuffin's past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the concept of geoethics and its application in the professional practice of geosciences. Geoethics involves research and reflection on the values and principles that underpin appropriate behaviours wherever human actions interact with the earth system. It advocates for solutions to the problems of human-Earth interaction and contributes to protecting humanity and citizens in the professional field and everyday life. After evaluating the common geoethical problem in Latin America, provide examples from three South American countries: Peru, Chile and Brazil. The synergistic action of the geoscientific community in promoting a geoethical framework is discussed. The need for transparent, quantitative, rational and repeatable analyses is highlighted to ensure high professionalism in conducting studies. The importance of providing role models for young and beginning geoscientists and correctly disseminating geoscientific information to the public is further emphasized. The ability to communicate effectively is a fundamental requirement to train engineers, geologists and geoscientists capable of addressing global issues such as environmental management, geological hazards, and energy transition. Additionally, the implementation of geoethics in geological engineering and geoscience careers is proposed to promote social and environmental responsibility among young graduates and scientists starting their careers to prevent unethical professional practices and improve the visibility of geosciences and its benefits to society. The article concludes by calling for the involvement of geoscientists in public policies for the protection of geological heritage and the promotion of geoethical values, as well as the creation of a professional group to develop and promote geoscience didactics to improve educational quality in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Territorial inequality associated with the location of population and activities, access to infrastructure and services, employment and material living conditions, is a historical reality in Latin America. This phenomenon has accompanied the demands of successive development models, and since the mid-twentieth century it has begun to be recognised in its full complexity with the installation of developmentalist governments. As a result, various public policies were adopted that failed to have a significant impact on these inequalities or to address their social consequences. Given the need to reformulate approaches, optimise resources and overcome obstacles in the implementation of public policies, this paper seeks to analyse the policies on the government agenda in Argentina from the change of management materialized at the end of 2019, identifying the limitations, achievements and potentialities of the policies proposed in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico and their effects on territorial inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes an economic assessment of Jair Bolsonaro's presidency. It analyzes the triangle of incompatibilities: high income inequality-reprimarization of the economy-high economic growth; and if one adds the environment, one could say the impossible squaring of the circle. The result of this impossibility is economic stagnation, persistent high inequality, deterioration of the standard of living, especially of the poorest, and serious damage to the environment through deforestation. The pandemic and the war in Ukraine have shaken an already "sick" economy and reveal the structural crisis in Brazil, as well as the turning points in the functioning of the labor market. The present ruptures suggest the political exhaustion of the current presidency and that the country is at a crossroads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo se inserta en el campo de los estudios de la poesía oral, más específicamente el de las competencias de poetry slam, tomando como caso el Slam Coalkan, primer evento indígena a nivel mundial en ese formato, realizado en 2021 a través de una colaboración entre festivales de Brasil y Canadá, que reunió poetas de los hemisferios sur y norte de Abya Yala. A partir de una observación crítica, este estudio describe y analiza dicho campeonato, enfatizando la importancia de la oralidad para las culturas de los pueblos originarios, la cual es la protagonista en un contexto como el de los poetry slams. Anclado en referencias teóricas sobre literatura indígena, el estudio pretende resaltar la necesidad de una atenta escucha a las voces de esos sujetos históricamente silenciados y marginados que ponen de relieve saberes ancestrales en sus narrativas de lucha, emancipación y resistencia. Además, al divulgar este acontecimiento inédito, el artículo hace de su objetivo valorar y defender la legitimidad de la poesía que se produce y circula en los slams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an in-depth reflection on the role of utopias in political projects that intervene in international relations, this article aims to analyse the change of direction of Brazil's foreign policy in the period 2003-2022. This involves observing the transformation of the country's international action, from a position of defender of the Global South to one of champion of the West. To this end, this proposal will make use of the information offered by primary sources --official documents and speeches of the presidency and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs-- and secondary sources --analysis of academic publications--. With this in mind, it will provide an extensive theoretical introduction, through which it will genealogically address utopian thinking in the discipline of International Relations and the field of Foreign Policy Analysis. Subsequently, it will define two discursive strategies that allude to antagonistic projects of international insertion based on opposing utopian imaginaries, and which have guided the Brazilian worldview of international reality in the first two decades of the twenty-first century: the Brazil of the Global South and the Brazil of the West. By way of conclusion, the paper will offer some final reflections, highlighting the role played by both representations in Brazil's domestic and international projection for the government's term of office that started in 2023. It is understood that both worldviews have their origins in Brazil's tradition of international thought, but also incorporate variables that refer to transnational utopian projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the impact of the feedback relationship that exists between inflation, its uncertainty, and the economic growth of the two main Latin American economies. A Bivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity model is developed, which also allows the identification of asymmetric impacts on the conditional volatility of the product and inflation, the sample period corresponds to January 1985 to June 2019. Additionally, causality tests are developed to identify the fulfillment of the main hypotheses raised. Among the main findings is the verification of the Friedman-Ball hypothesis for both countries in most of the lags. Regarding the second hypothesis, it is found that the central bank of Mexico has presented a stabilizing behavior, while in the Brazilian case an opportunistic behavior has been identified. In the third hypothesis, no causal relationship of inflationary uncertainty towards economic growth is identified, in the case of Mexico; while, in the case of Brazil, an ambivalent causality has been identified, regarding the number of lags. Finally, in the fourth hypothesis we find results that corroborate, mainly for both economies, a positive effect from inflation on economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose to analyze the recent Folha de S. Paulo campaign "in service" of democracy as a part of its 100-year anniversary, officially commemorated in February 2021. On that occasion, the newspaper sought to position itself as an active subject, capable of even teaching its readers what was the period of the military dictatorship in Brazil by exploring the image that it had (always) been the "Diretas newspaper", an incisive criticism of the regime in the process of political redemocratization. In this way, we identified how the ephemeris was used in an attempt to legitimize the institution's authority, enabling the newspaper to act "in its service" and, therefore, reinforce a particular story, circumscribed by (re)invented traditions that have sought to define its own identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the reflections of a high school visual impairment student about his escolar experience through the Photo-Voice technique. It is a case study that analyzes four sessions where semi-structured interview scripts were used. The participant was a first-year regular high school student of an inland municipality from São Paulo in Brazil. The principal results show the effectiveness of the Photo-Voice technique to promote reflections and to motivate the participation of the students through their own stories; with them, the student shows interest in being changing's agents for himself and his community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the process of internationalising the legal mobilisation that sought reparations for the mining disaster that took place in 2015 in the city of Mariana, the Doce River basin and on Brazil's southeastern coastline. It seeks to understand the dynamics produced by activating different levels of justice and the effects of internationalisation on the functioning of justice institutions at national level. Two separate patterns of internationalisation are noted: a) via the traditional human rights defence networks; and b) a new one, promoted by an international office specialised in "alternative litigation financing" (ALF), which employs arguments from environmental law and transnational legislation. The characteristics of these two patterns are examined along with their effects on the dynamics of legal mobilisation and national institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focus on the religious and political issue in Brazil from a socio-historical perspective. In recent years, we have seen the rise of the right-wing, anarcho-capitalist biopower in socio-political and reactionary-conservative terms in religious terms. How was the emergence of the current religious-political panorama possible? There are two complementary interpretative hypotheses: the construction of a conservative and reactionary religious-political camp and neoliberal social and economic changes. The research methodology is qualitative and primary and secondary documentary sources on contemporary Brazilian religion and politics were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade there have been several debates about the relevance of online news comments. While some question the hate speech that is verified in these spaces, others highlight the possibility of exchanging opinions. This paper proposes a methodological tool to measure the quality of online news comments, using a sample of 300 comments on highly visible websites in Portugal (Público; Sapo), Spain (El País; 20 Minutos) and Brazil (UOL; Folha S. Paulo). The results determine that commentators tend to use a little personal argumentation (82.3%), although relevant to the discussion in question (60.3%), with few grammatical errors (14.7%) or aggressive interventions (31.7%). Following the Online Comment Policy Evaluation Model (Known in Spanish as MPONC), it is concluded that websites with quality comment moderation systems attract more relevant and timely interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the content of discussions held over three seminars on the theme of the heterogeneous subfield of Social Cartography in Brazil and in Latin America. It produces a reflection that represents the issues raised by those who design, develop and participate in these cartographic experiences. It cited relevant literature, but most of the contributions presented emerged from discussions that took place during these events. The research aims to contribute to the expansion of cartographic discussion in Brazil and in Latin America, which includes different perspectives and ideas about conceptual, epistemological and methodological dimensions of mapping experiences that increasingly integrate situations of cartographic disputes that are being overlapping territorial disputes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates wage discrimination against workers with disabilities, as well as its interactions with other social markers of inequality, gender and race/color, using data from the 2010 Demographic Census (IBGE). Four types of disability are investigated: visual, hearing, motor, and mental. A multivariate regression model controlling for occupational fixed effects was used. The results indicate that there is wage discrimination for the four types of disability analyzed. It is observed that the greatest discrimination occurs for workers with severe visual impairment, followed by physical disabilities and, lastly, mental and hearing disabilities. However, such discrimination is of small magnitude when compared to other social markers of inequality, such as gender and race/color. The effect of gender, for example, is six times greater than that of visual impairment while non-white people suffer almost four times more discrimination. When considering the accumulation of the social markers of inequality, disability, gender, and race/color, it is confirmed that black women with and without disabilities are those who suffer the most from wage discrimination in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing dispute between the United States of America and China finds a main area of competition around 5G, which will enable a substantial improvement in the capacity for vehicle auto-guidance, remote operations, robotics, artificial intelligence and other dual-use applications. While 5G is still emerging, the global shaping of the network infrastructure, regulations, patents and standards involves the Global South. It is an eminently global dispute for markets, but also for national security, which has gained a central place on the foreign policy agenda of most of the countries around the globe. In this context, the objective of this text is to analyze the emergent conditions of 5G in two of the main countries of the Global South, India and Brazil, within the dispute between the US and China. Through the contextualization of this dispute and its implications in India and Brazil, we seek to extract a series of preliminary reflections for other countries of the Global South. Thus, this paper contributes to a key area understanding the emergent conditions of a new phase of the mobile telecommunications paradigm developing two main cases still unexplored systematically by the literature in Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at analyzing two types of eristic argumentative interactions held in CNN Brazil YouTube channel: an interaction between debaters and mediators in the 'Debate 360' show and an interaction between the comments of the social network users about the same debate. The study draws on Plantin's (2008) interactional perspective on argumentation, on Amossys's (2018) view on argumentative polemics, on Walton's (1998) conception of eristic dialogue and on Culpeper's (2011) and Blitvich's (2010) discussion on interactive impoliteness. The corpus is composed, in terms of the debate, of twelve argumentative interventions and, in terms of comments, of a chain of nine utterances, all of them characterized by the instantiation of eristic features. The analysis focuses on (1) the interaction between two specialists, mediated by two journalists, about a controverse theme - the usage of hydroxichloroquine on Covid-19 patients, and (2) the interaction between the social network users in reaction to the debaters' argumentation. The study shows which characteristics of polemics are instantiated in both interactions, specifies the features of the eristic dialogue that characterize the interactions and indicates how impoliteness acts are associated with argumentation. The results enable to comprehend how eristic argumentative interactions work in the digital environment and how the formation of ideological bubbles affords opportunities for conflicts of opinion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consolidation and articulation between universities open up a privileged space for possible discussions, reflections and construction of significant proposals for academic actions to enable interdisciplinary technical-scientific work. The University Network on the Latin American Integration Route (UniRila) was created in 2016, with the purpose of developing actions that support feasibility studies for the Bioceanic Corridor between Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Chile. This paper intends to analyze the identity and cultural relationship between Porto Murtinho-Brasil and Carmelo Peralta-Paraguay with actions of UniRila perspective, emphasizing the principles and values that culture is guided by, to support a people’s cultural paradigm in their habits, beliefs, values and identities besides cultural diffusion and preservation. The research used the deductive method with a systemic scope through bibliographic and documentary surveys. Therefore, in order to better understand issues related to culture and identity processes, it is necessary to briefly note what is culture and the cultural relationships between Porto Murtinho and Carmelo Peralta as the Bioceanic Corridor is consolidated. It is inferred that the established relationship leads to the observation that the cultural intertwining will be in constant mutation or transformation as the interaction and social integration occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The XV Symposium and XIII Congress of the Cuban Society of Physics took place at the University of Havana from March 9th to 13th, 2020. The event featured the participation of Cuban and foreign specialists, and a total of 217 papers were presented. During the Congress, the work of the Cuban Society of Physics in strengthening relationships with related associations was highlighted, and the society's 40th anniversary was celebrated. In addition, organizations and individuals who have contributed to the development of physics in Cuba were recognized. The Cuban Society of Physics has also organized the Latin American University Physics Olympiad since 2017 and publishes the Cuban Journal of Physics. Awards were presented to outstanding professors during the congress, and discussions were held on the current situation of physics in Cuba. [Extracted from the article]