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Mental health has been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a matter of concern internationally. In Colombia, specifically, the importance of mental health care, including the phenomenon of suicide, has been highlighted. In this regard, policymakers have sought alternatives to address or mitigate this issue. In this context, research becomes relevant regarding the development of tools that facilitate decision-making for governmental authorities, for example, through the formulation of forecasting models that enable the identification of trends and patterns of behaviour of suicide attempts. The objective of this study is to formulate and select a regional forecasting model for suicide attempts by means of predictive analytics techniques. This paper contributes to fill the gap in the case of suicide attempts in the city of Medellín, Colombia. The fitting, validation and comparison of three different time series models, under minimum forecast error criteria is presented. The compared models include parametric, Holt-Winters and Box-Jenkins approximations; For the analysed data, the parametric model with cubic, seasonal and ARMA(0.5) components is the one with the lowest forecast error. This model manages to capture the trends of the phenomenon, with a low level of error for the projection for nearby trends, but it does not manage to respond to sudden changes in structure such as those that occurred in the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mexico, there is a lack in academic research about bisexual Health-Disease-Attention process. This paper analyzes the main problems about health-disease for bisexual people with a Social Medicine and a Collective Health approach. In order to do this analysis, this paper offers a systematization of research's discoveries related to the Health-Disease-Attention process in bisexual people. Problems on health-disease for bisexual people include worse mental health conditions in comparison to gay and lesbian people. As psychologists have few contextualized knowledge about bisexual health-disease situations, then they cannot adequately respond to bisexual people needs. Bisexual Health-Disease-Attention process is an historical and social product where the lack of visibility and the negative valuation functions as mechanisms to regulate people's sexuality, which can be reproduced in Health-Attention places, such as Mental Health ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) as a chronic, irreversible complication and having a cardinal symptom that predominates such as pain contributes to causing changes and alterations in the emotional sphere and therefore in the mental health of the patient. The findings in relation to the perception of patients suffering from DPN reported that pain relief is associated with good levels of quality of life, which reduces stress, depression, insomnia and other factors that can threaten mental health. This paper has two fundamental purposes, the first one is to determine the correlation that exists between the prevalence of DPN and the patients who present psychological disorders. This problem is treated with the help of contingency tables and it is statistically processed with Pearson's chi-square coefficient. Secondly, the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) technique is applied to quantitatively evaluate, through the criteria of 3 experts, the possible strategies to be followed by patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, addressing mental health and the dimensions that contribute to its improvement in the general population has been a topic of special interest. This interest has been less in relation to people in situations of homelessness. This paper analyses the role of social support and social relationships in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the homeless people in the Community of Madrid. The research follows a mixed methodology (questionnaire survey; n=641 and semi-structured in-depth interview; n=18). The results show the high psychological deterioration, the low levels of social support and the relational precariousness of the homeless people. Isolation and deterioration are structured by residential situation, origin, age, and gender. Furthermore, it is found that, as the levels of social support increase, the probability of psychological deterioration decreases. Similarly, after the pandemic, worsening relationships with children are associated with poorer levels of mental health. These findings confirm that relational aspects are key elements in improving the psychological wellbeing of homeless people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wealth of evidence exists that highlights that emotional education can be applied in multiple contexts as a means of promoting better mental health. The present study aims to analyse the importance and utility of working on emotional competencies, especially in the educational environment. Further, the study strives to elaborate practical tools for use during crisis situations as a means of preventing or minimising mental health issues. The present study employs a descriptive design in which a literature review, synthetic analysis and content analysis were performed. The work examines research conducted in connection with organisations and institutions that has emphasised policies targeting emotional education and emotional competencies through proactive and preventive interventions. The present research argues that emotional competencies should be included in initial and in-service teacher training as it has a positive impact on educational quality, mental health and general well-being. A grounded approach is presented that could be followed with children, young people, families and teachers. The present paper concludes by highlighting the importance of developing emotional competencies and promoting projects aimed at effective implementation of emotional education during times of crisis, especially, when considering that many crises are permanent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety is a state of mind of intense worry that can affect students' performance both positively and negatively. Internationally, recent studies show high percentages of students diagnosed with anxiety and depression. This paper seeks to quantitatively analyze how anxiety is related to academic performance in Ecuadorian students. An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model with school fixed effects estimates an educational production function. The results confirm that, up to certain levels of anxiety, students' scores improve. However, once anxiety levels are elevated -a threshold that is higher for male students-scores are negatively affected. These findings are relevant for two reasons. First, during adolescence, experiences and interpersonal relationships impact personality construction and influence the development of cognitive, non-cognitive and emotional skills. Second, given the current post-pandemic situation, in which anxiety is a frequent scenario. This research concludes that it is necessary to reflect on the importance of rethinking pedagogical processes in schools and to analyze strategies to introduce mental health in the school curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As it happens with disability and diversity in real life, relegated and barely visible, research on these issues has not been a priority in the field of communication. However, and given its social relevance, it is necessary to observe the academic production that has addressed these topics. Thus, the objectives of the study consist of detecting the keywords and bibliographic references most used in the area, as well as analyzing the context of production and the theoretical-methodological instrumentalization of this kind of research. For this, two closely linked studies were carried out: first, a bibliometric analysis of 316 articles published, from 2012 to 2022, in journals indexed in Web of Science and, second, a content analysis of a probabilistic sample of 174 papers. The main findings describe a growing area driven by female authors affiliated with not only Anglo-Saxon universities, but also Spanish ones, who publish their work in English and in journals mainly of the USA. Likewise, it is an empirical production focused on the analysis (quantitative and qualitative) of the information disclosed on social networks and television regarding aspects such as accessibility, Paralympics, digital divide or mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper, thanks to the synergical dialogue with "The Manifesto for Care of Mental Health", thoughts about the removal of the psychic suffering, in the current psychiatric treatment. The attention for the psychic pain that can concern everyone is, now, treated according to the biological medical pattern based on so called "evidence". Even though that pattern of an arid and positivistic psychiatric cure is turning out disappointing, the psychiatric system is still drowned by the objectification of the illness, despite this means giving up to important fulfillments of relational knowledge and proficiency essential in the psychic care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses psychological adjustment and checks a suggested theoretical model that relates the presence of psychopathological symptoms to a worse health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adult adoptees. The sample consisted of 177 young adopted adults (mean age 27.67). Measures of psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90), quality of life (SF-12), self-esteem (RSES), and resilience (BRS) were taken. The multiple mediation model shows that, in addition to the direct association between psychopathological symptomatology and a poorer HRQOL, resilience, and self-esteem have a buffering effect on this relationship. As a conclusion, empirical evidence of the impact of mental health difficulties on the HRQOL of adopted people is shown. The presence of positive psychological resources, such as resilience and self-esteem, causes psychopathological dimensions, such as anxiety, depression, phobias, or psychoticism to decrease. This paper supports the inclusion of resilience-building programs as a health promotion strategy, especially in the case of psychopathology, and among post-adoption services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

how to teach bioethics rigorously and attractively? This paper develops one of the pedagogical strategies implemented by a research team of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Buenos Aires to transmit Bioethics through online platforms. Based on the methodology of the Casebook Unesco of Psychiatry and Mental Health, a multiple-choice exercise was designed in Moodle's educational platform, which presents complex ethical dilemmas clearly. The purpose of the activity is to provide a tool to contemplate the effects of the course of action for the field of health and subjectivity. The exercise consists of providing different levels of help for the resolution of the dilemmatic situation, through the reference to relevant bibliographic sources, with particular emphasis on the articulation of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights and the deontological codes that govern professional practice. Using case-vignettes in virtual environments aims to develop competencies that allow students to participate in decision-making processes actively. This calls for the collective construction of knowledge through dialogic exchange and ethical deliberation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether or not it is appropriate to offer victims the possibility of working on forgiveness to overcome the pain of the lived experience and its consequences is a controversial issue. The pressure to forgive makes revictimization more likely and transmits guilt and a message of minimizing the victims' pain. A misunderstanding of forgiveness can further weaken the victim's ability to protect him-or herself, make him or her more vulnerable, and make it easier for the abuse to continue. This paper aims to review the conditions for forgiveness to be a psychological tool for the mental health of the victims. Forgiveness is a complex concept with multiple dimensions and possibilities, and it can offer victims a valuable resource for overcoming their pain. However, it is not essential to the victim's healing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 Pandemic has had a huge impact on mental health in population, becoming a public health problem. Our country has been affected in social, political and economical fields, causing a great impact on physical and mental health, and also with worldwide numerous human losses. Children and adolescents are a particularly vulnerable population, due to the risks that the pandemic has entailed, for their psychological development, social interaction, the influence of stress on neuroendocrine responses and also as neuropsychiatric manifestations with increased reports by researchers, without certainty of possible future damage. The objective of this paper is to review the possible causes and impact on psychosocial development and neuropsychiatric disorders in children and adolescents, and the individual and family factors that predispose to emotional, cognitive and behavioral reactions in pediatric population, searching to give a comprehensive view of the mental health problems in the pediatric population caused by the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Stigma associated with psychological problems is a major concern that negatively affects people living with different symptomatology, sometimes with serious consequences for their health. The principal purpose of this paper was to carry out an updated systematic review to explore the relationship between the stigma associated with mental health problems and the risk of suicide in the clinical population, as well as to study the variables involved in this relationship. Method. A search was carried out in the PsycInfo, Pubmed and Scopus databases, using keywords related to stigma, suicide, and limiting the studies to clinical samples. The search included articles in English and Spanish from January 2012 to December 2020. Results. A total of 12 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis. The results suggest that increased self-stigma toward mental health problems is associated with increased risk of suicide in clinical population. Also, variables involved in this relationship are suggested, such as depression, hopelessness, loss of vital sense, unemployment or decrease of support networks. Conclusion. The stigma associated with mental health problems could be a potential therapeutic target for reducing the risk of suicide in the clinical population. Exhaustive studies, with control groups random assignment, and more heterogeneous samples are necessary to know the phenomenon in greater depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) is recognized as a key aspect in the prevention and treatment of psychological problems. PA recommendations to maintain and improve mental health were recently updated. Despite the fact that PA can be pivotal in interventions to prevent and treat eating disorders (ED), the role and dose of PA for this purpose are unknown. The papers analyzed in this review highlight the importance of PA in intervention programs to prevent and treat ED. Emerging evidence suggests that the PA we enjoy practicing, considered important and chosen, is associated with a positive effect on mental health, while the PA performed out of a feeling of guilt, pressure or a feeling of being forced to do it is associated with a negative effect. This review highlights that the evidence available is limited to suggest a harmful impact of PA in primary prevention interventions for eating disorders and suggests practical recommendations for future interventions as well as recommendations for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This paper proposes a critical review of the mental health category, given the challenges of migration. Objective: To review the recent scientific literature on the articulation of mental health and migration categories. Method: 36 scientific articles published between 2016 and 2019 were reviewed. They were selected through a systematic process of searching for scientific literature in the databases Pubmed, Ebsco, Science Direct and Scielo. It was made a qualitative analysis to characterized and identified trends and particularities in research. Results: the approach to mental health is mainly focused on problems, symptoms and mental illnesses. The articles are eminently quantitative and specific to the health area. They were carried out in high-income countries that receiving migrants in vulnerable situations. It is observed differential effects between pre-migration and postmigration, and between men and women migrants as well. Other papers studying the particular impact on children and adolescents, or the role of social determinants in migration. Discussion and conclusions: the migratory phenomenon merits a critical review of the mental health category centered exclusively on mental problems and disorders. It is important to promote also a positive understanding of mental health in interventions with the migrant population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the relevance of González Rey's Theory of Subjectivity and Qualitative Epistemology for advancing a cultural-historical psychology that articulates research and professional practices in mental health care. This paper presents the outcomes of an empirical research that was carried out with the professional staff of a Brazilian community mental health service based on the con - structive-interpretative methodology. The objective of the research was to develop a theoretical model that supports educational practices aimed at the subjective development of the professional team of a community mental health service in Brasília (Brazil). The outcomes emphasize the relevance of dialogue as a key epistemological and methodological device for individuals to emerge as active agents. From this perspective, research is inseparable from professional practice. In the process, alternative paths are created, which are oriented to subjective development of individuals, social groups and institutions in its broadest sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to analyze the socio-family aspects affecting mental health in Social Work students of the Fundación Universitaria Juan de Castellanos during the confinement caused by Covid-19. Regarding the methodology, a descriptive study was carried out with a sample of 119 students. The instruments used were a socio-family characterization questionnaire, the Suicide Risk questionnaire, the family Apgar test, and the SRQ. The results show that university students present mental health conditions due to symptoms of depression and anxiety, in addition to difficulties due to academic activities and confinement. The role of the family is highlighted as a protective factor against the pandemic. An adequate family functioning is perceived by the students when they have coping strategies against crises. However, it is necessary to strengthen the response capacity for accompanying university students and families with higher level of vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobbing is a psychosocial risk whose impact goes beyond victims' physical and mental health and, hence, affects organizations and society. Although historically this phenomenon has been studied from the perspective of Work and Organizational Psychology, the fact of being covered in the reform of the Criminal Code of 2010 and its increasing role in clinical and forensic context have raised interest in its approach and assessment. In the present paper, a systematic review of the most relevant assessment instruments—widely used and with reliable psychometric properties—in Spain and Latin America is carried out. In addition, the bases to assess psychological injury and the role of instruments when conducting the forensic evaluation of mobbing are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although currently there is evidence of the positive effects of religiousness and spirituality on mental health, reports also account for mixed effects, and even adverse effects have been reported on people’s mental health. In this sense, the present paper aimed to review literature about the negative effects that religiousness and/or spirituality can have on mental health and to identify the main facets or dimensions associated with these effects, according to the evidence. For this, the EBSCO, AnnualReview, PubMed, MedLine, PsycINFO, SciELO, LILACS, and PEPSIC databases were researched for the years between 2010 and 2019. As the main conclusion, the present discoveries confirm that certain religious and / or spiritual aspects negatively influence a person’s mental health. Finally, the main results garnered from the review, its limitations, and future research projections are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transgender individuals have progressively acquired visibility and rights in many western societies. Psychosocial research on this population is recent and has focused on sexual prejudice and its impact on the mental health of transgender people. This paper intends to clarify some conceptual definitions used in psychosocial research, summarize the evidence obtained in Chile, and observe how it relates to international literature. Although the article focuses on mental health, the effects of prejudice and social rejection as precursors of a deteriorated mental health are also examined. This paper aims to contribute to debate and research on pending conceptual and methodological issues related to transgender populations in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the result of a thoughtful process on psychoanalytic practice at a mental health institution in Bogotá, Colombia. A de-disciplining exercise is carried out, following the methodology of Ana María Fernández: denaturalizing social imaginaries, deconstructing logics, and outlining a genealogy of institutional practices. Elements such as time, payment, demand, completion, or end of analysis are thought of from various discourses (capitalist, psychiatric, democratic), and an analytical device of individual intervention is outlined, along with a proposal to think about an outsourced setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has weakened the mental health of the population, health personnel are possibly an affected group, an important fact considering that they are the main elements in the face of the greatest challenge that the modern world has faced so far, in relation to diseases infectious. The COVID-19 disease has produced anxiety, depression, nervousness, and wakefulness in health personnel, among others; a result of stress, long shifts, excessive workload, inadequate training, and insufficient personal protective equipment; making them prone to disorders like Burnout Syndrome or Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome. Mental health is fundamental for public health and that of health personnel is a determinant of the quality of care and health of the patient; therefore, the objective of this paper is to carry out a bibliographic review that analyzes the mental health of health workers in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. This paper describes and analyses recommendations to protect and mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, on the physical and mental health of children and adolescents. Objective. To analyze recommendations to manage the COVID-19 pandemic of several restoring rights programs for children and adolescents in American protection systems. Methods. A literature review was done, using the form of rapid evidence syntheses, to provide information about social and health policies. Results. The results show that in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a convergence of both the interest in promoting mental health in girls, boys, and adolescents and the interest to prevent COVID infection through the recommended biosecurity measures. Conclusions. Recommendations show the need for reviewing the internment treatment as a main caring program, considering the side effects of institutionalization on children and adolescents mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a reflection about the possible conditions in which a subjective position outside the established discourses -such is the definition of psychosis for Lacan in 1972-can provoke effects on the social bond. In this case, we will make use of a reading of the film Joker (2019) from psychoanalytic theoretical operators. We highlight how the initial position of unworthy obedience turns into indignation, from numerous experiences of mistreatment, and triggers incalculable uprising effects, both subjective and social. This elaboration is a contribution to the reflection on the social function of psychosis and the problem of sustainable externalizations in mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The holistic model of health requires the inclusion of emotions in prevention and promotion policies. A systematic review was carried out in databases Medline, PsychInfo, and ERIC to check the extent to which emotions are covered in health education. Sixty-six of the 648 papers reviewed were accepted, presenting a wide range of topics, theories, and terms regarding emotional health. Therefore, health education strategies that take emotions into consideration are still underrepresented in scie.jpgic literature. Moreover, a great terminological and theorical diversity is found among the ones that incorporate emotional health, hindering knowledge dissemination and generalization of results. The need for an implementation of a health education model where emotional education is included as an essential part of it, according to recent scie.jpgic advances is clearly shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a linguistic and interpretative analysis of the use of conceptual metaphors in the field of mental health, taking as a field of observation the use of Twitter in the first edition of Mad Pride Day in Spain, held on May 20, 2018. The objective is to give a first-person account of the attitudes expressed by activists. The results show a questioning of the coercive logics produced by psychiatric care, a problematization of the hegemonic model as a whole, a criticism of the oppression implied by stigma, communication problems with professionals in the field of mental health, as well as demands for greater dialogue with them. This analysis has allowed us to understand linguistic modes of resignifying the field of mental health, and also to account for the tensions between subjective perceptions of the people diagnosed and the productions of the hegemonic medical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organized crime represents one of the most serious problems worldwide. Not only because of the large number of violent deaths and injuries among rival groups and in the general population, but also because of the mental health effects of people living in cities with a high incidence of crime. The direct or indirect victims of crimes such as homicide, kidnapping, extortion, human trafficking, robbery with violence, rape, among others, often develop various symptoms depending on the type of offense, the degree (intensity and duration) of violence to which they were subjected, and the care (medical, psychological, legal) received after the attack. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative study on the process of care for victims of organized crime from the perspective of clinical psychologists. It was conducted in the state of Tamaulipas, in northern Mexico. The purpose of the study was to know the phases of the psychological care process and the clinical strategies used; the cognitive, emotional and social reactions generated in the therapists; the self-care strategies used by psychologists, and the contextual limitations for care. Eight clinical psychologists from different therapeutic approaches participated. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed with the Atlas.ti 7 software, based on Grounded Theory. The results indicate a process of attention with four phases: previous, initial, treatment and closure. In the previous phase, participants identify adult men and women as the main victims of organized crime who attend therapy. Direct victims come for crimes such as kidnapping and extortion. Indirect victims are usually close relatives of the direct victims and come for crimes such as homicide, forced disappearance and kidnapping. In the initial phase, psychologists use the therapeutic alliance, rapport, empathy and the promotion of attachment to treatment. Psychologists with private practice can perform specific actions such as attending the patient's home when the patient is afraid to leave. The most frequent diagnoses found in this phase are post-traumatic stress disorder, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders. The treatment phase is characterized by the diversity of techniques used according to the therapeutic model adopted by each psychologist. The closing phase occurs when the patient has emotionally stabilized and therapists seek relapse prevention, so they follow up on cases. During the process of care for victims, therapists have different cognitive, emotional and social reactions; and develop strategies for their personal care, due to the conditions of violence that are experienced in the local context. The most used self-care strategies are to attend a personal therapeutic process, supervise the cases, exercise, eat well, express their emotions, go to natural environments to distract themselves and reduce the number of cases they attend. Among the limitations identified in the process of care for victims of organized crime, therapists mention the need for specialized training, including not only their professional training, but have a procedure or a specific protocol to deal with such cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, mental health is an issue of concern. The increase in people diagnosed with mental disorders is causing alarm worldwide. Hospitalization and medicalization are "solutions" put in dialogue and tension with visions that aim at treatments where the subjects build a know-how with their symptom. This paper focuses on this last point: discussing the subjective responsibility that the subject has within the treatment. For this purpose, it is proposed to carry out the discussion of the subjective responsibility through the dissertation around four axes of analysis: the conception of subject and symptom, the treatment device, and the therapist's position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of philosophy of mind, this paper addresses the problem of mental causation in John Searle's biological naturalist project (2007, 2000). Beginning with the conception of the mind as a phenomenon emerging from cerebral processes, I evaluate the criticisms that Jaegwon Kim (2007, 2000) makes to the causal efficacy of consciousness, focusing on the arguments of overdetermination and violation of the principle of physical causal closure. Then, I analyze the debate on mental causation from the findings of Benjamin Libet (2004) regarding the existence of pre-conscious neural activity in voluntary motor behavior. This activity, called readiness potential, and the notion of causation worked in neuroscience, support the causal efficacy of mental states, but in a different sense from that proposed by Searle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we discuss positive clinical psychology as an emerging field within clinical psychology. Positive clinical psychology is based on research demonstrating that mental health is more than the absence of mental illness, on research showing that well-being has buffering effects on the incidence of psychopathology and mental illnesses and on studies demonstrating that positive characteristics, such as positive emotions and gratitude, can predict pathology beyond the predictive power of negative characteristics. In this paper we present three distinct forms of well-being: emotional, psychological and social. In addition we review three types of positive clinical interventions: well-being therapy, positive psychotherapy and acceptance and commitment therapy. The paper ends with a call for a transformation of mental health care in which illness oriented treatments are complemented with well-being oriented treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the implementation, initial results, and sustainability of innovations in the provision, financing, and management of mental health services in Peru, carried out during 2013-2018. By applying new financing mechanisms and public management strategies, 104 Community Mental Health Centers and eight Protected Homes were implemented, which prove to be more efficient than psychiatric hospitals. The set of 29 centers created between 2015 and 2017 produced in 2018 an equivalent number in consultations (244,000 vs. 246,000) and patients attended (46,000 vs. 48,000) than the set of three psychiatric hospitals, but with 11% of financing and 43% of psychiatrists. The way mental health care is being provided is changing in Peru by involving citizens and communities in ongoing care and creating better conditions for the exercise of mental health rights. Community mental health reform has gained broad support from political, international, and academic sectors, and from the media. We conclude that the reform of community-based mental health services in Peru is viable and sustainable. It is in a position to scale up the entire health sector throughout the country, subject to the commitment of the authorities, the progressive increase in public financing, and national and international collaborative strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a theoretical review that analyzes the results of various psycholinguistic researches on language acquisition during the prelinguistic stage depending on the mother-child relationship in situations of absence and presence of mind pa thol ogy indicators-specifically maternal postpartum depression (PPD). It follows the description of a series of patterns and modes of communication that mother and son take during this phase of language development, following the findings of national and international renowned authors dedicated to this subject. This paper seeks, in the first instance, to con cept ualize and establish the main properties of com municative exchanges that occur in the moth erchild interactions during the preverbal stage in situations of no obvious pathology in the mother or the infant. Secondly, sought to focus on how these patterns and / or modes of interaction are affected when the mother shows signs of emotional involvement, timely postpartum depression. And also how, therefore, this affects these com mun icative exchanges. Indeed, this study will present a literature review of existing research data on the effects on the communication patterns between mother and baby-during preverbal stage- when the mother suffers PPD. This improvement is im portant because so far these data have not been found on one paper -but compiled partially written in various research-nor presented discriminating patterns that the various modes of communication that are acquired and used by each member of the dyad. Regarding the first objective, the results have been made by several scientific papers related to the characteristics that each of the modes in which communication between the preverbal child and primary adult caretaker-usually the mother-occurs. From this, one could envision that prosody is the feature of the HDB that has been studied through the objective measurement of various acoustic aspects such as fundamental frequency, melodic contours and pitch ranges. The combination, features and ways of using the various modes of communication depend intrinsically on the relation ships between the biol ogical, psychol ogical, social and contextual conditions that occur and determine the course and the qualities of the mother-infant interaction. Regarding the second objective, it was possible to envision that when the mother is not emotionally available to the baby's demands behavior of the pair may be asynchronous. Even children of mother with PPD may get to use self-regulatory behaviors such as gaze aversion in order to reduce the nega tive affect arising from the lack of responsiveness and withdrawal that characterize the behavioral repertoire of their mothers (Tronick & Gianino, 1986). However, a substantial stand out in terms of the information gathered at this point of theoretical review, it was found that most of the data and reported results derived from research in developed European countries (mainly Germany and En gland) and United State. And samples were made up of middle-class mothers and / or high average, with a minimum level of higher education at age 13, adults, gilts or just another child without complications in pregnancy and childbirth and with healthy term infants. Just one research formed a heterogeneous sample of mothers from different races, belonging to lower social strata and lower education level-Kaplan, Burgess, Sliter, & Moreno, 2009). This implies that this investigation results can be generalized to the type of population, culture, language and race that has been studied. In the section dedicated to discussing matters relating to the socio-demographic characteristics of the sample and biases found, make impossible to universalize the results of detailed research group here treated. Finally, it concludes on the importance of knowing the observable deviations in the communication process mom-baby has for therapeutic work on the dyadic relationship, in general, and for the development of the infant, particularly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a case report of the singular logic of the mourning experience of a woman working in mental health, and who asks for being heard in the context of a Battalion of the National Army of Colombia. The research reflects critically on theory and practice; it also proposes a debate from psychoanalysis in the framework of mental health; and it suggests, from case reports, the work of mourning as reverse of the process of mourning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this work is to introduce a new approach called network analysis for its application in the field of psychology. Basically, in this paper we present the network model in a brief, entertaining and simple way and as far as possible, away from technicalities and the statistical point of view. The aim of this outline is, on the one hand, to take the first steps in network analysis and on the other, to show the theoretical and clinical implications underlying this model. Firstly, the roots of this approach are discussed as well as the way it has of understanding psychological phenomena, specifically psychopathological problems. The concepts of network, node and edge, the types of networks and the procedures for their estimation are all addressed. Next, measures of centrality are explained and some applications in the field of psychology are mentioned. Later, this approach is exemplified with a specific case, which estimates and analyzes a network of personality traits within the Big Five model. The syntax of this analysis is provided. Finally, by way of conclusion, a brief recapitulation is provided and some cautionary reflections and future research lines are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To understand the relationship between mental health, notions of development interference and emotional development. Method: his paper has a documentary research method. It is based on a systematic, methodic and organized study of texts, articles and documents about the subject through a psychodynamic theory, it was established an analysis of the concept of mental health as an effect of emotional development and analytic categories, development interference and emotional recovery. Results: Because of the statistics of mental disorders increasing on infancy and adolescences, mental health is a recent worry. The development interferences as difficulties on normal child development are associated to the loss of mental health during infancy. In Colombia, children and adolescences are exposed to problems which affect their emotional development and block the deployment of human potentialities and the consolidation of personality. Conclusion: As a result, mental health is then known as the result of the maturating constitutional process, meanwhile the development interferences such as: abuse, mistreatment, negligence, neglect, among others, represent alterations in this maturating-constitutional process because all of them affects the child bio-psychosocial conditions, also according to these damages the emotional recovery turn into a proposal to restore the emotional health and the optimal balance necessary to overcome the adversity and promote the normal development on infancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the relationship between stressful life events (SLE) and psychological symptoms (externalizing and internalizing symptomatology) and school and family adaptation in childhood. Participants were 552, 53.4% boys and 46.6% girls, aged between 10-12 years. Patients receiving treatment in mental health services and a community group were compared. At least one SLE in the past two years is experienced by 88.2% of children. SLE were significantly higher in the clinical group than in the community group. SLE are related to the increased presence of symptoms and lower levels of adaptation. The association between family SLE and hyperactivity symptoms is stronger in the clinical group than in the community group. Having experienced SLE and being a patient predict both symptomatology and adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The analysis and evaluation of the demand that is carried out in a Mental Health Unit of Childhood and Adolescence (MHUCA) is fundamental to improve the quality of the professional attention and the effectiveness of the treatments. In this paper we present the data of an evaluation performed during fifteen years in a MHUCA. Objectives: To determine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the children and adolescents who consulted in the MHUCA of the Santiago Area during the period 2000-2015. Analyze the differences between sociodemographic and clinical variables between the first years of this period (2000-2012), with the results observed in the last years (2013-2015) and their relationship with the increase in demand. Material and Methods: The sample used is 6026 subjects consulted. The studied variables: sociodemographic and clinical. We analyze these variables in two time sections to evaluate if there is a different demand over the years. Results. We found a notable increase in the demand for care in the last 3 years, there are no differences in the sociodemographic profile. Regarding the clinical characteristics, we obtained differences in the prevalence of the diagnoses and in the follow-up of the patients. Conclusions: The fundamental difference between the two periods is determined by the increase in demand that determines a higher prevalence of Absence of Psychiatric Diagnosis and a higher number of discharges that suggest an inadequate use of the demand for care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Executive functions are a set of abilities that allow the production of adaptive behaviours to specific challenges from the environment. Mentalization refers to the way in which humans are able to discern mental states, intentions and beliefs of others through observed behaviour. This paper clarifies the way in which we should understand the relationship between these two concepts. After presenting some of the most fundamental aspects of these concepts, it is proposed that mentalization underlies, organizes, and enhances the development of executive functions, this, contrary to the dominant approach defended by Carlson Moses, and Brenton (2002) that suggests that executive functions underlie the development of mentalization. After reviewing empirical evidence for the defended alternative, the last section explores some of its applications in areas such as the study of the neurophysiological nature of the social, the subjective nature of consciousness, and the domain of psychopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper informs an investigation which had as objective to establish the functionalrelationships between mental health and social capital in people who have been victims of forced displacement in the context of the armed conflict, and people in poverty conditions.The social capital is understood from the proposal of Putnam (1993), such as the commitment that occurs between actors and social groups where there are networks and standardsthat facilitate collaboration, the commitment and confidence; through which you can set changes. For the present study, account is taken of the observable variables, measures through the Barometer of Social Capital developed by Sudarsky (2007) and worked in the third measurement of social capital in 2011, in the report presented by Hurtado, García, and Copete (2013), which gives an account of three factors: Solidarity, consolidation of groups and the construction ofsocial fabric (Ksocial), institutional trust and social control (Confie) and credibility in sources of non-validated information (Fenoval). Mental health in research responds to the model of the entire state of health proposed by Keyes (2005b),which assumes the understanding of mental health as a state of well-being, more than the absence of disease, composed of three factors that for terms of the study are the observable variables that make part of the latent variable of mental health, these are: Spanish Adaptation of the Scales of Psychological Well-being of Ryff (Díaz, Rodríguez-Carvajal, Blanco, Moreno-Jiménez, Gallardo, Valle & Van Dierendonk, 2006) which focuses on the personal development, by which envisaged dimensions like the autoaceptación, positive relationships, autonomy, the domain of the environment, the personal growth and the project of life (Blanco &Valera, 2007); the SubjectiveWell-being (Diener, 1984), constitutes the cognitive and affective evaluations that a person generates around to his life and converges the aspects of the satisfaction and the positive emotions-negative (Blanco & Valera, 2007) and Social Welfare (Keyes, 1998), understood as the value that we of the circumstances and the operation that we have within the society. Includes items such as integration, acceptance, the contribution, the update and the social coherence. The study was retrospective exposfact type and counted 380 adults, classified in two groups: 190 in situation of displacement and 190 in situation of poverty. The instruments were the Scales Psychological Wellbeing (Ryff, 1989); Satisfaction with Life (Diener, 1994); Social Welfare (Keyes, 1998), and the Barometer of Social Capital (Sudarsky, 1999). Subsequently, an analysis was carried out with the SPSS software 18 to establish correlations and functional relationships of the variablesin the study groups. The findings give account of the significant correlations between the constituent dimensions of social capital and mental health. In second instance presentsthe functional relationshipsimplementing structural equation modelsin each group, assuming a positive functional relationship between social capital and mental health, which is maintained in each of the groups of study, being higher in the group of displaced persons(β = .56) in comparison with the group of poverty (β = .41). These findings allowed to demonstrate that the functional relationships analyzed structurally between social capital and mental health are directly proportional and constitute an input to the development of psychosocial intervention programs aimed at the improvement of the quality of life and social empowerment community. This research is a systematic input ofstructural analysis of the functional relationships between Social Capital and Mental Health, to strengthen the horizon of future studies thatshould be directed to deepen the analysis of the complex reality that people live in a situation of vulnerability,such asisthe case of those who have experienced the forced displacement by effect of the armed conflict and those who have lived in poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the sociodemographic, clinical, and health care variables included in the interconsultation reports (PIC) that bring adult patients over a period of 15 days, collected consecutively in the months of March through June 2015 from three mental health centers in Madrid (Colmenar Viejo CSM, Villaverde CSM, and Vallecas Villa CSM). The statistical analysis of data, including analysis of descriptive variables and dichotomous variables, shows the following results: two thirds of referrals are transfers to psychiatry and one third are transfers to clinical psychology; mean time in the waiting list is 74 days for clinical psychology consultation and 38 days for psychiatry consultation; preferential referrals are 31%, with 28 days of mean time in waiting list, being mostly intended for psychiatry; main referred pathologies are anxiety and adaptive and depressive disorders; 46.7% of patients transferred to mental health were already taking some psychiatric medication; clinical psychology referrals involve significantly younge and less medicated patients, significantly less preferential, and with fewer diagnostic and pharmacologic specifications in the PIC than psychiatry referrals. These results are consistent with previous studies, although we have not found other studies that include more than one mental health center, or analyze qualitative information contained in the inter-consultation reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the ways in which the dominated collaborate with their own domination, and it does it based on the ethnographic work of an investigation about the discursivity and the practice of the correctional pedagogy in an educational centre of Spanish juvenile justice. Establishing a dialogue between the concepts of symbolic violence by Bourdieu and that of moral career by Goffman, the article presents a double analytical approach that, first, elucidates the behaviours and staging of the inmates from a situated point of view and, secondly, inquires about how they somaticize the dynamics of subjugation of the prison regime. In this way, the paper explores the ways in which young people interpenetrate, or pretend to do so, with the perspective of themselves that confers the institution, in this case, one that expects to attend dangerous and violent individuals. That one labelling as a «young delinquent? seems to adopt the identity attributed to him and (re)presenting himself from that stigma. But other forms of obedience or participation are also discussed. Those forms that remain within the margins of control and the will of the inmates, and which respond to the coercive system of the total institutions. And others that insinuate a kind of subjection that attends to more subtle, continuous and inadvertent coercion: those unconscious dispositions that compel the dominated to unconsciously participate with their subjugation as an incorporated effect of the dynamics of domination itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A complex interaction exists between mental health (MH) and obesity. Weight loss surgery (WLS) is currently an alternative for a growing number of patients. Hence, the aim of this study is to do an up-to-date review of the several aspects on the relationship between WLS and MH. Methods: A comprehensive PubMed search was done, using the MeSH terms ‘mental health’, ‘obesity’, ‘surgery’, and ‘weight loss surgery’ and ‘weight loss surgery’ and ‘suicide’. A total of 532 papers were found. Results: The main results were:a) Teams across the world evaluate MH of WLS candidates with different methods and protocols. b) Up to 50% of the patients in evaluation for WLS have an active mental disorder. c) The evidence that MH affects the final weight outcome in WLS subjects is not conclusive. d) The research in severe psychiatric patients and WLS is scarce and is often considered as an exclusion criterion. e) WLS is associated with a positive impact on MH, either due to a better quality of life, to reductions on the severity of mental disorders or improvements in cognitive functions. Conclusions: WLS seems to be associated with several positive outcomes of MH. Future studies should explore the questions yet not answered on this relationship, and investigate if the presence of some mental disorders and/or cognitive impairment might become criteria for the indication of WLS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dissociative identity disorder (DID) can be considered a rare disorder because of its seemingly low prevalence. However, in recent years it points to the possible underdiagnosis because its complexity and confusion at the time of differential diagnosis. On the other hand, the malingering of mental psychopathology can have a major socio-economic and legal impact, particularly important in this type of disorder, given the inability it generates and its complex diagnostic. This paper refers the case of a patient admitted to the short-term hospitalization unit of Dr. Rodríguez Lafora Hospital (Madrid) with depressive symptoms. Then the patient seemed to become a TID case. The evaluation consisted of a psychological history and the application of the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptoms (SIMS) and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-II). The results showed an altered personality profile as well as likely malingered symptoms, what prevented us from a DID diagnosis. In view of the results, possible implications of this case for the clinical setting are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of national and international scientific literature is presented, as well as technical papers about violence against women by their partners and its relationship with their teenagers' mental health. General aspects are discussed as an introduction and then information about the epidemiology of violence against women, violence against women by their partners, the effects of violence against women, the effects on the mental health of the woman victim, the effects on the mental health of their children, later to focus on the effects on the mental health of teenagers. Interventions to control violence against women are proposed and the conclusions and recommendations are presented. It is concluded that violence against women by their partners is a public health problem that not only affects the mental health of the victim but also that of their children, whether or not exposed to violence. We recommend further studies on the subject, to know the relationship of violence against women by their partners with the mental health of teenagers, with a view to implementing prevention and intervention programs further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although we have made significant progress in the development of preventive tools and especially in the efficacy of the psychological treatments, we are still far from an optimal situation. This paper focuses on two major issues which we consider fundamental challenges and urges in this area: (a) the need for improving and spreading prevention, early intervention, and the promotion of mental health and (b) the need for greater dissemination of effective psychological treatments, the development of new interventions and greater understanding of the mechanisms of action of psychological treatments. The aim is to promote discussion among all stakeholders and debate on those lines we think as priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to present the state of the art regarding the content of the public mental health policies currently in force in South America in order to establish an overview of the scope and limitations of the regulations on the subject in the region. Methodology: a documentary study with a hermeneutic approach explaining the relationships between the contents of the public policies for mental health and the context of the South American countries. For the analysis, we included normative documents of the countries, e.g. agreements, resolutions and acts. Similarly, academic papers from the period between 2003 and 2013 were included. These made it possible to describe and analyze the research subject. Results: countries such as Colombia, Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador and Uruguay have current regulations (agreements, resolutions and acts) supporting the content of public policies in regards to mental health. On the other hand, Chile, Bolivia and Venezuela base their policies on administrative mechanisms (programs, plans and projects) without enforcing mandatory compliance. Conclusion: the notion of mental health underlying each national policy emphasizes health promotion and prevention equally, and is based on a positive conception of well-being that highlights the active role of subjects and populations as well as the capabilities and liberties available. Nevertheless, their resources, strategies, actions and goals are based on a biomedical model that prioritizes the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnitude and impact of mental disorders does not correspond to the resources devoted to research and attention. Although we have made significant progress in their understanding and the efficacy of the psychological treatments, we are still far from an optimal situation. This paper focuses on one of the major issues which we consider fundamental challenges and needs in this area, the increase in research focusing on psychopathology, especially on the mechanisms and processes that explain and maintain mental disorders, as a key point for the design and development of new psychological interventions for the prevention, treatment, and promotion of mental health. The aim is to promote discussion among all stakeholders and debate on those lines we think as a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reform of psychiatric care, driven by legislative changes implemented throughout the Second Spanish Republic, proposed improvements in the professionalization of caregivers of psychiatric facilities. By Decree of May 16, 1932 junior staff was organized in Practitioners of Medicine and Surgery diploma nurses and psychiatric nurses; and the Diploma in Psychiatric Nurse was regulated. By the Decree of May 17, 1932 the official curriculum was published for this degree and the July 5, 1932, the basis of a competition for a work that would fit the agenda. Psychiatric Superior Council elected and recommended "La asistencia al enfermo mental"(1933) by Luis Valenciano Gaya. The aim of this paper is to analyze the content of the book, including the care the mentally ill needed, as well as physical and attitudinal requirements for being "psychiatric nurse". It also seeks to value the importance of the manual, while it was not the first published in Spanish, truly presented a national circulation and became the reference work for psychiatric nurses in the 30s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the contribution of "Skills for Life Program" to prevention practices adolescent mental health in schools in Chile. Study included a sample of adolescents (N = 212) who participated in the preventive intervention of the program. The goal was to examine changes in variables of school maladjustment (SM) and psychosocial dysfunction (PD) based on their attendance and their parents to the preventive intervention. Design was ex-post-facto, longitudinal prospective, pre and post measurements. Analysis considered repeated measures ANOVA and t tests for related samples. Results indicate a decrease in risk factors associated with SM and PD stability of adolescents. Study implications will be discussed for preventive science and public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]