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This paper is the review of literature data on the prevalence of weeds as possible reservoirs of plant viruses in agroecosystems of Ukraine. The information presented here about the most distributed weeds as reservoirs of harmful plant viruses will be useful for understanding the pathogens ecology, analyzing the virus epidemiology and for disease management. Since legumes are the main crops grown in Ukraine, the paper focuses on weeds spreading in the agrosystems of cultivated plant. The paper provides information about the primary sources of soybean viruses (Soybean mosaic virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, Alfalfa mosaic virus, Tomato ringspot virus) and bean viruses (Bean yellow mosaic virus, Bean common mosaic virus) as well as the main factors contributing the virus transmission in agrocenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to a September 2021 report by Positive Technologies, 91% of the world's industrial companies have information systems vulnerable to cyberattacks. The industrial sector is the second most attacked sector in the U.S., and the leading one in developed countries. Ukraine ranks sixth and seventh in the top 20 for the largest industrial attacks. Many scientific publications are devoted to industrial cybersecurity in the world, but, unfortunately, in Ukraine this area of cybersecurity is poorly studied. To develop the topic of increasing the level of cybersecurity of industrial control systems, we focused on the problems of cybersecurity of the lower level of control - the operator control station of the technological plant. Previously, we investigated the problem of cybersecurity of the industrial computer network of the lower level Modbus RTU. Continuing the topic, in this paper we investigate the cybersecurity of important software - the OPC server. This study proposes to pay attention to a vulnerability that has not yet been investigated. This vulnerability is related to the fact that having an extensive network of workstations in the enterprise, an attacker can substitute OPC server on any workstation (usually the most important one in production) with his own OPC server and do it in such a way that on the one hand to bring the technological unit of the selected site to stop or crash, but on the other hand to prevent the operator of technological unit, watching the SCADA-system on the computer screen, from noticing anything. A special diagnostic system has been developed to detect a cyber attack. Appropriate software has been developed and, with its help, all solutions have been simulated in real time using components of real industrial software and Modbus network model. The developed solutions and software can be used in industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the world trends of the maritime transport complex, analyzes the current state and directions of development of stevedoring companies in Ukraine, aimed at strengthening the competitive advantages of service providers, identifies the specifics and current issues of assessing their activities. The issue of building port-industrial clusters with modern transport logistics is relevant today, as the development of trade and financial ties in the country and abroad forces countries to actively increase capacity and be constantly open to communications and trade offers. The paper identifies the main features of port financing, explores the prospects for the development of seaports and proposes a roadmap for the effective development of port infrastructure. A stevedoring company management structure is also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Man-caused load on sources of industrial and domestic water supply, which causes the discharge of insufficiently treated wastewater, is one of the great environmental problems in Ukraine. The traditional way of solving this problem, associated with the disposal of such waters by adsorption, membrane or catalytic technologies, has a number of disadvantages associated with large volumes and a wide range of pollutants, traditional methods often require preparatory measures, time-consuming, scarce materials and expensive equipment. It would be ideal to create wastefree circulating water supply technologies, but these options are still far from being mass-produced. A promising way to solve these problems is to organize such production cycles, where the disposal of toxic wastewater will be combined with recovery technologies. Industrial and domestic wastewater often contains a significant proportion of the organic component. These are oil products, by-products of organic synthesis, spent lubricating and cooling suspensions, waste from the food, alcohol and pulp and paper industries, dyes and pigments, etc. All this waste is energy saturated and can be separated and used as fuel. However, due to low concentrations in most wastewater, their separation is economically unprofitable. A method is proposed for neutralizing toxic organic wastewater by using it as a dispersion medium for composite coal-aqueous fuel (CAF). The possibility of priming carbon microparticles obtained by preliminary plasma-chemical treatment of an organic dispersion medium to stabilize composite coal-water fuel were investigated. Waste cutting fluid (JCL) was used as an organic dispersion medium; anthracite served as the dispersed phase. A CAF sample was obtained based on anthracite from Ukrainian deposits with a solid phase (W) content of 70 mass. %, and studied its electrokinetic and rheological properties. It has been found that the preliminary plasma-chemical conversion of organic wastewater used as a dispersion medium for composite water-coal fuel significantly improves the operational properties of CAF. The growth of sedimentation stability and the optimization of the effective viscosity are achieved mainly through the implementation of the structural and mechanical factor by increasing the number of contacts with the introduction of a highly dispersed fraction of carbon microparticles and increasing the electrostatic repulsion of the elements of the suspension structure. Thus, the sedimentation stability of the obtained CAF is significantly improved in comparison with conventional anthracite suspensions in organic wastewater and reaches 2 days without the addition of stabilizers. In the future, it is planned to further improve the properties of CAF by introducing stabilizing reagents and dispersants into its composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vulnerability of the world economy to financial and economic crises, the growth of global instability and uncertainty increase the need for long-term national planning and effective anti-crisis measures. Their development based on the analysis of foreign experience allows one to use achievements of specific government programs and strategies, as well as to take into account mistakes of predecessors in the development and implementation of their own smart strategies for industrial development without unnecessary costs and increased risks. This paper is a continuation of the area of scientific research, conducted in the Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine, and takes into account the country's European integration priorities and the type of national innovation system. It is aimed at searching and summarizing the best practices of smart transformation of the industrial sector of the European Union, suitable for implementation in the institutional conditions of Ukraine. In the process of analysing the European experience in the development of the smart industry, main initiatives (European and national levels) in the field of cooperation between government institutions, research institutions, the business environment and the population, aimed at developing smart technologies and stimulating investment activity of the private sector, were considered: applied programs of Public-Private Partnerships "Factory of the Future", "Sustainable Processing Industry through Resource and Energy Efficiency", "ICT Innovations for Small and Medium Enterprises of the Manufacturing Industry", "Smart Anything Everywhere", "Public- Private Partnerships in the Field of Information and Communication Technology and Vanguard Initiative for New Growth through Smart Specialization". On the example of individual smart strategies, the activity and current progress of the economic and technological leaders of the European Union (including Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Spain, France, Sweden, etc.) were evaluated in terms of the practical implementation of the stated strategic goals. The main similarities and differences between the priorities, target audience, models and funding volumes of EU smart strategies are identified, depending on the starting institutional conditions and current challenges of specific national economies. Possibilities of using the best European practices for the development of smart industry in Ukraine and the need to establish clear quantitatively measurable national goals in this area, as well as the creation of effective mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of innovative projects, are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paperdeals with social and psychological aspects of the restructuring process of coalmines in the Donbass. Statistic data on the coal industry situation, which are cited, confirm recessionary phenomena in all groups of mines: promising and potentially promising collieries, mines that develop the remaining reserves, mothballed facilities or those under closure. The restructuring process implies a number of organizations changes. The paper reviews three methodological approaches suggested by I. Ansoff: structural, technological and behavioral (social and psychological). Routine methods used to introduce behavioral changes are: formation of groups, sensitivity training and staff interaction analysis. Their application in mine operation allows determining impacts of such factors as job satisfaction, management style, psychological climate etc. Results of the research conducted indicate that job satisfaction depends on working conditions and a system of effective labor safety. Mechanization and automation of production processes, introduction of innovative coal production processes allow to improve social and economic performance. A key social result is improvement of labor conditions. However, natural mining and geological conditions of coal seamdeposits and production methods do not yet make it possible to eliminate occupational hazards and risks in full. It has been established that under accidental working conditions the share of workers dissatisfied with job conditions is 56%, it has been also proved that there is a relationship between the degree of job satisfaction and the number of injuries in a production face. Workerswere polled to assess the improvement of labor conditions and material consideration. The assessment shows that employees' views of scaling up wages and better working conditions change, depending on their age. To determine the management style of mine administrations, a special questionnaire was developed, which contains 40 questions-affirmations. The following staff was polled: Chief Engineer, Safety Deputy Chief Engineer, Chief Mechanic, Head of a Labor and Wages Department, Head of a Coal Production Unit and Foreman of a Roadway Maintenance and Recovery Unit. The data obtained were processed with computational and graphical methods. An analysis of the results indicates that most managers feature an 'average' management style. Specific recommendations are offered to improve it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an analysis of the documents of the State Archive of Luhansk region, which illustrate the activity of the industrial syndicates in the early 20th century. Study materials of regional archives is of special interest due to the fact that the documentation of monopolies in the Russian Empire kept very bad. Most of its mass is in the Russian State Historical Archive, there is no the special archival funds on this issue in Ukraine. In this regard, any mention of monopolies is particularly valuable The sources on researched topic at the State Archives of Luhansk region relate to the activities of syndicates in heavy industry - "Prodamet", "Produgol", "Truboprodazha", "Prodvagon", "Prodparovoz". The most informative is the fund of the Luhansk Locomotive Works Hartmann (F. 2 and R-1). Materials of other funds (F. 4, F. 9, F. 10, F. 11, F. 14) also contain papers we are interested in, but they are few and fragmentary. Basically sources on the history of monopoly capital in the archive represent business correspondence. Conditionally has been allocated to four groups of documents according to their origins: the internal documentation of enterprises; correspondence with customers; letters and resolutions of government and representative institutions; correspondence received directly from administrations of syndicates. The last group is the most informative. The great bulk of the documents here's period 1916-1918. Particular interest are the materials illustrating an attempt to restore the syndicate "Prodamet" in Ukraine in the summer of 1918, because in the Soviet historiography its nationalization in January 1918 traditionally completed the history of this association. The same applies to the syndicates "Prodvagon" and "Prodparovoz". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the work of contemporary Ukrainian historians devoted to the study of situation and development of historical science in the western regions of theUSSR in the second half of the twentieth century, the state of development of the history of social and political processes issues in the Ukrainian lands by researchers of this period. Out of special studies devoted to the analysis of the development ofUkrainian history in the second half of the twentieth century, attention should be paid to the works of such contemporary scientists: Dashkevych Y., Udod A., Smolii V., Yas O., Reient O., Kulchytskyi S., Liapina O., Koval M., Mozhovskyi M., Holovko V., Isaievych Y., Holubko V.,Yusova N.,Kolesnyk I.,Shevchenko F.,Matiah V.,YaremchukV., BulhakovaO., PohrebnaO. Features of the development of the topic are shown, critical assessments of local scientists are generalized. The author pointed to promising areas of further scientific study of historical research of scientists from the western regions of the USSR, scientific advances of Ukrainian historians of the second half of 1940s - the end of 1980s. Thus, the distinguishing feature of this period is an extension of the thematic field of the problem, critical interpretation of Soviet historiography heritage. In Soviet times the study of the modern history of the Western lands were of censored. Social and political processes in the Ukrainian lands of interwar Poland were unilaterally covered, the activity of national political parties was suppressed. The problem of "Western Ukrainian question" in the foreign policy of the Russian Empire did not become an individual object for research coverage by Soviet scientists in the early twentieth century. As for the degree of the problem research, it should be noted that modern historians uncovered themes and areas of historical research on this issue generally well. However, several issues remain less explored or have not been studied, namely, analysis of scientific works ofUkrainian historians concerning this problem, the issue of personal academic input into the development of Ukrainian history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the main problems and the development of public-private partnership in Ukraine for 1992- 2012 years. The author characterized main trends by comparison with countries in the region, determined the main problems and possible solutions. In the database of theWorld Bank Ukraine attributed to the region called "Europe and Central Asia". This group include 22 countries, including: CIS, countries of the former Yugoslavia and Turkey. Determined that the activities of public-private partnership in Ukraine as a whole corresponds to global and regional trends. Ukraine is the third-highest number of PPP projects (58) after countries such as Russia and Turkey, their number by 55.4% over of a regional index. Similarly, look and performance of investments in PPP projects in Ukraine - 14.2 billion U.S. dollars, 3rd place, equal to the average. Since independence, Ukraine has sold 58 PPP projects worth a total investment of 14.1 billion U.S. dollars. This figure is quite significant compared to countries in the region. At the same time, most of the period of public participation in PPP projects are not carried out, more or less consistently since it began in 2009 This trend indicates a lack of attention paid by the government partnering with the private sector. A focus for the development of appropriate institutional component, which, in myopinion, will raise organizational aspects of PPPs in Ukraine to a new level. This was the experience of both developed countries and the EU new member states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of the paper are to analyze the role of local taxes and levies in ensuring the financial autonomy of local budgets in Ukraine and to determine the ways how to improve the local taxation system. The relevancy of the topic is supported by the fact that local taxes and levies in Ukraine do not provide local governments' financial self-sustainability. The changes that have taken place in the national system of local taxation due to adoption of the Tax Code of Ukraine are systemized. The structure of local taxes and levies has been scrutinized; specific features of property taxation, collection of the single tax and the charge for parking of vehicles have been studied. The advantages and disadvantages of the new local taxation system have been indicated, and ways how to further develop it have been put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the contemporary processes in the field of heraldry in Luhansk region limited by the chronological framework of the early 90's of the twentieth century till the present time. The choice of the theme is determined by the fact that no comprehensive analysis of the development of the city emblem has been made. It is also necessary to make historical and professional analysis of all its aspects, namely the peculiarities of its development, the features of the symbols of city signs, the problems of creation and confirmation of new emblems The author has studied the specific features of the heraldry formation in the region using periodical materials, documentary sources and images of emblems. The paper has traced the debates as of the re-approval of historical emblems of Luhansk and its evolution. A number of modern municipal emblems have been analyzed as regards their subject matter, color and symbols. The compliance of the emblem with the heraldry rules has been found out; their disadvantages have been described and proposal of their improvement have been suggested. It has been concluded that the modern heraldic process in the Luhansk region is characterized by simultaneous coexistence of professional and amateur emblem formation. According to the author's calculations, 28 of 37 cities are provided with municipal emblems but most of them must be improved because of their uniformity, colors congestion and low artistic level of accomplishment. The author cities the heraldry developments of specialists, members of Ukrainian Heraldry Society A.Zakoretskoho and O.Zhytnychenko as an example of successful emblems that correspond to classical heraldry and have a deep original symbolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two types of publications on the estimation of the investment demand on the part of the municipal infrastructure companies engaged in the production and distribution of electricity, gas and water have been considered in the paper. In the publications of the first type only the results are examined while in the second type of publications attention is paid to the approaches and models of forecasting demand, taking into account various factors. The essential difference in the estimates of the World Bank and the Ministries of Economy, Water and Environment of the countries of EECCA (Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia) and their partners, in the work of other authors made the corresponding forecasts for the development of the situation in heating, water supply and sewerage both in Ukraine, and in its immediate environment has been determined. In the works of the second group attention is concentrated on the approaches of the forecasting with the complex issues of urban development and technical and technological advances in the industry. The approaches to the planning of investment programs on infrastructure development in Russia, modeling financial strategy in the water and sewer sector in Central and Eastern Europe, the multivariant model forecast of development of Russian heat supply up to 2030, the implementation of the financial strategy of water supply development in Armenia have been considered. The author's approach to the estimation of the investment demand on the basis of the data of the financial accounts from the corresponding service providers has been offered. The calculations made with the help of this approach led to the conclusion that the need for housing and communal economy of Ukraine in the investments of 2008 exceeded the amount of the state budget of Ukraine and has a constant tendency to the growth in the last years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In these paper the identification key for Ranunculaceae of Lviv, Transcarpathian (Zakarpattia), Rivne, Volhynia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi, Ternopil and Khmelnitsk regions (oblasts) is introduced. The key includes 102 species. It is based on contemporary investigations on taxonomy of the family Ranunculaceae. The key is carried out up to the level of species but in some cases there are short remarks about subspecific structure of selected taxa. Also it is supported by short notes about distribution, ornamental usage and protection of represented species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contains the data on leaf anatomy and surface ultrastructure in climbing figs of subgenus Synoecia (Miq.) Miq. grown under protected cultivation conditions in botanical gardens in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]