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Three women, one people: akuntsú stories This article addresses the history of three indigenous women, survivors of the Akuntsú people (Tupían). We present the historical background of their traditional territory, which was located between the Caubá and Trincheira rivers -- tributaries of the Corumbiara river, a tributary of the Guaporé river, in Amazonia --, highlighting the intensive settlements that followed migratory waves of non-indigenous groups in different contexts throughout the 20th century. Subsequently, we unfold Pugapia, Aiga, and Babawro's pathways, who, currently, live on the banks of the Omerê river, in the Rio Omerê Indigenous Territory, Rondônia, Brazil. There, they have been expressing their knowledge in the manufacture of materialities, in food practices, and in contemporary care experiences. However, as described in this article, they carry with them narratives of persecutions and violence against their people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the production of scientific and media discourses about the tattooed body during the first half of the 20th century. In the course of the text, we will discuss how the discursive strategy of privileged institutions for the production and circulation of discourses, notably science and the press, invested in the construction of an image of the tattoo associated with deviance, criminality and a supposed moral insufficiency of its bearer. As a result, the tattooed were represented as potentially criminals and constantly placed under suspicion through an association between tattooing and criminality which, although it oscillated between lombrosian notions of the born criminal and the sociological notion of the subject as a product of the social environment, did not hesitate in blurring the margins between the tattooed subject and the potentially criminal subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we discuss aspects of the trajectory of the Revista do Instituto Paraguayo that are related to themes about the discussion of the renewal of Paraguayan nationality in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a moment when a number of intellectuals were striving to forge a new version of the country, which suffered the nefarious consequences of the War of the Triple Alliance (1864-1870). Since its emergence, this Journal has proposed the debate, in an interdisciplinary way, about a set of themes and issues that encompassed fundamental repertoires for the consolidation in the awakening of a national conscience. We highlight as the main leading of this performance the Generation of 900, formed by authors interconnected by an intellectual community interested in the national reconfiguration, based on culture, homeland, national history and the future. We hope to contribute to the debate on the role of this Journal as one of the essential platforms that synthesized aspirations that projected the country for the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of subject has recently gained increasing influence in discussions of literary criticism and theory, particularly among authors such as Luiz Costa Lima. Despite his concern to enunciate his assumptions, Costa Lima does not dwell on the philosophical discussion about the historical variation of the subject, which characterised the debates on the concept in the 20th century. This perspective allows us to problematize what are the different forms of the subject and, above all, by which processes these forms are produced. Thus, this article aims to outline the key points of the debate about the epochalization of the subject, identifying its problems and assumptions, which are the basis of Costa Lima's discussion. From a critical analysis of the perspectives of Heidegger, Foucault and Elias Palti, the paper seeks to shed light on the philosophical bases of the variability of forms of the subject, which, even if not stated, can be linked to recent debates in the theory of literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we intend to treat about the project of a Confederation or Society of Independent Nations involving the newly created Hispanic-American republics, of Haiti, of the United States and of Greece, as well as the monarchy of Portugal, on the eve of the independence of Brazil (1821 -1822). Authored by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and War of d. João VI, Silvestre Pinheiro Ferreira (1769 –1846), the institutionalization of a Confederation of Nations can be seen as a strategy to maintain relations between the Portuguese crown and Brazil after the king's return to Portugal in 1821. We intend to explore the nuances of this project based on manuscripts collected by the Venezuelan diplomat D. Simón Planas-Suárez when he was in Lisbon in the first decades of the 20th century. We will also analyze Manuel de Oliveira Lima's (1867-1928) reading about the project. Although it has not gone further, the Confederation project allows us to nuance the relationship efforts between the Portuguese-Brazilian Empire and neighboring countries, offering an alternative beyond the international cooperation projects conceived by Simón Bolívar (1783-1830). Furthermore, we intend to point out that discourses of unity in the context of independence were resumed in the light of the post-World War I period (1914 –1918) and the establishment of the League of Nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ponte da Amizade, located in the Tri-Border Area (Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay), has been the main crossing between Brazil and Paraguay since the final decades of the 20th century. The objective of this article is to historicize this frontier in the period before the construction of the bridge, more specifically in the beginning of the 1940s. The starting point of the analysis is the dossier "Political fugitives for the Republic of Paraguay" of DOPS/PR. Two arguments will be defended: western Paraná in the 1940s was not a viable route for political fugitives; and DOPS/PR became a reference in gathering information on political exiles in Paraguay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to reflect upon what is conventionally referred to as the post-abolitionist period. It is an analysis derived from studies on the associations of black and mestizo people in the city of Vitória da Conquista (Brazil), amid the political and cultural transitions in the carnivalization process in the second half of the 20th century. The methodology consisted of the interpretation of the iconography, especially photographs of the carnival, and the analysis of the first-hand accounts of the people whose formation of the memory was linked to those groups which held the street carnival, from the predicates of oral history, articulating postulates from history and other fundamental social disciplines in order to approach the memory. With this investigation, it can be inferred that it is possible to alter the academic use of the post-abolitionist category in the epistemological field of history, substracting its sense of periodization, and inverting the thematic meaning conferred by the inscription of the memory of the struggles for liberty and citizenship of black and mestizo people, making use of a new category: historiographic memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presentation text of the dossier Province, region and metropolis -- the interior in national modernization projects in Latin America, dedicated to the development processes that took place in Latin American territories in the 20th century, in its basic dialectic between "metropolises" and/or poles of growth versus hinterlands and/or regions of influence. In this direction, the text proposes a kind of state of the art on the proposed theme, placing the dossier in a broader historiographical debate, briefly presenting each of the articles included: "From the old to the new Northeast: region, culture and planning from Gilberto Freyre to Franklin de Oliveira", by Ricardo Rocha; "Works of electrical energy generation as a modernizing policy of the 'Desarrollista' State in the Argentine Patagonian region", by Cecilia Parera; "Brasília: late 1950s real estate development", by Maria Fernanda Derntl, and; "'Oeste' magazine -- modernization essay in the 'sertão' of Goiás during the Vargas era", by Cássio Santos Melo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1° de abril - Estórias para a História, by Mário Lago, written and published in 1964 after the arbitrary arrest of the author, is one of the first literary records of the violence of the civil-military dictatorship established in Brazil in the second half of the 20th century. This paper analyzes the narrative plot of the first edition of the book, focusing on the relationships between the narrated stories and the record of historical facts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to reflect about the Political Meanings in History, in this article we will seek some important historiographical references, through an historic overview, between 19th and 20th centuries. Those references may be divided in three moments: at the first one, in parallel with the rise of historiography itself, Political History had moved from a critical to a conservative view; the second one had been characterized by Marxist historiography, its heirs and the perspective of historical totality; at the third one, we will turn from totality, with Annales school's first generations, to Michel Foucault's perspective, passing through microhistory as well. In this trajectory, rather than expose different points of view, our proposal might open up some questions. Those distinct perspectives, and their historical context, should stimulate our reflection. The relationship between politics and history is dialectic, insofar as the last one conditions the first but, nevertheless, depends upon power relations on the most different levels. As those relations would never come to an end, new issues should emerge constantly to the surface of historical streams. In the first part of our reflections, which were analyzed in other article, we have discussed the historiographical production form political history to Marxist historiography. In this text we will do an overview study of historiography in the twentieth century, from people's history to microhistory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to reflect about the Political Meanings in History, in this article we will seek some important historiographical references, through an historic overview, between 19th an 20th centuries. Those references may be divided in three moments: at the first one, in parallel with the rise of historiography itself, Political History had moved from a critical to a conservative view; the second one had been characterized by Marxist historiography, its heirs and the perspective of historical totality; at the third one, we will turn from totality, with Annales school's first generations, to Michel Foucault's perspective, passing through microhistory as well. In this trajectory, rather than expose different points of view, our proposal might open up some questions. Those distinct perspectives, and their historical context, should stimulate our reflection. The relationship between politics and history is dialectic, insofar as the last one conditions the first but, nevertheless, depends upon power relations on the most different levels. As those relations would never come to an end, new issues should emerge constantly to the surface of historical streams. In this article, which corresponds to the first part of our refection, we will discuss the historiographical production form political history to Marxist historiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines how the "learning to make by making" pedagogical principle was present in the context of mathematical education at Federal Agrotechnical School of Sertão (EAFS/RS) in the 1980s. The theoretical framework is based mainly on the works of Michel Foucault and John Dewey. The research material is composed of interviews with egresses, as well as Mathematics notebooks, tests and schoolwork from that period. The analytical exercise concerning this material, undertaken in the perspective of foucauldian discourse analysis and by means of the Storytelling approach, demonstrated that mathematical education in Mathematical classes was hardly related to the "learning to make by making" pedagogical principle, prioritizing formalism and the use of writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a historical study, based on the cultural history, that aims to discuss the integration of mathematical knowledge in the arithmetic edited by the Lutheran Church to their parochial schools of the 20th century in Rio Grande do Sul. The Lutheran parochial schools were inserted on a missionary and community project that sought to teach the mother tongue, mathematics, cultural, social and, mainly, religious values. It analyzed the arithmetic of the Order and Progress series and of the Concordia series, identifying the integration between knowledge of arithmetic; arithmetic and geometry; arithmetic, geometry and algebra. It evidenced the integration between knowledge involving decimals numbers and measure units of the metric system, contextualized with socio-cultural practices and the daily life of the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades Brazil has consistently presented poor educational outcomes compared to its Latin American neighbors. The literature suggests that elite-biased policies might be a cause of this lag. This article presents further evidence that educational policies pursued by Brazilian federal governments were elite biased in the period 1930–1964. Although primary schooling was the responsibility of state governments, a significant amount of tax revenues were in the hands of the federal government. Therefore, federal policies were important determinants of educational outcomes at all school levels. Evidence collected in speeches and in educational finance data show that Brazilian education policies tended to give little importance to primary education. In particular, the article shows that under the governments of Getúlio Vargas and Juscelino Kubitschek, those most committed to the strategy of import substitution industrialization, education policies favored tertiary education for the elites at the expense of primary education for the masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assuming that the law, as a discursive power field, assign and imputes differences that creates hierarchies and asymmetries in sexed bodies as female or male, the article problematize legal systems as mechanisms wich produce and represent subjects. The object of analysis were the speeches of 252 cases of torture suffered by women recorded in the Supreme Military Court, at the military audits, between the years 1964 and 1979. The mediation of power that was built between the accounts and discursive records in inquests revealed the production of a vectored legal discourse that seeks to represent and build as victims women raped in their conditions of “honest” and “caregivers”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text aims to understand the relevance of the different fats in Portuguese recipes of the 20th century, specifically, in eight books written by Rosa Maria, published in 1956, by Civilização Publisher. On the other hand, through the study of publicity in five women's magazines, also published in the same year, the article also analyzes the importance of olive oil and other fats of animal origin. Which fats and brands were announced? What are the characteristics of those advertisements? What strategies have been adopted by advertisers? Some of the issues to which we seek to address, in an investigation that analyzes the olive oil, one of the relevant products of the so-called Mediterranean diet, compared to other animal fats, in the Portuguese diet in the middle of 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nations at the fore of science and technology have adopted official policies to encourage new biotechnologies, especially from the 1970s on. They were spurred on by the idea that a technological system based on mechanical industries and vulnerable to the oil crisis was in decline. This article gives an overview of how this scientific-technological domain was implemented in Portugal at the end of the twentieth century. From the founding of the Portuguese Biotechnology Society (Sociedade Portuguesa de Biotecnologia) in 1981 to the adoption of the Lisbon Strategy in 2000, and thus encompassing Portugal's accession to the then eec in 1986, the article describes how science and technology policies and European funding were channeled into biotechnology development. This process reveals fundamental features of how knowledge is currently produced and regulated in Portugal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses some social, political, and psychological effects of enforced disappearance as an effect of the strategies used during the Brazilian military dictatorship. Such strategies are buttressed and anchored at the certainty of impunity and indifference to the victims and survivors. One of the main consequences of this indifference today is the aggravation of the suffering of the family members that are still alive, which is preserved by the lethargy of the Brazilian state after the end of the dictatorship period, before the obligations to comply with the main international human rights resolutions relating to the combat of the forced disappearance of people. We recognize in the dream-work traces tracks and footprints of experiences that still insist and seek their status of language and social recognition 50 years after the civil-military coup in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issues on biography and hagiography are discussed. Biography and hagiography are discussed as literary styles, sanctity and hagiography are related and the specific case of two works by Father Júlio Maria de Lombaerde (1878- 1944) is investigated. The books Almas Sacramentinas (1943) and Um anjo da Eucaristia (1948) are discussed with regard to the writing form of biographies on Brazilian nuns, definition of saintliness and mystic spirituality and reveal that the history of nuns is associated to its production, between modern biography and traditional hagiography. Discussion is based on Certeau, Bakhtin, Dosse, Buarque, Andrade and Vauchez. Biographies and hagiographies are analyzed as a process for the construction of the imaginary and behavior models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, inserted in the perspective of cultural history and the history of music, is focused on the trajectory of the public figure of a cultural promoter, Cornélio Pires, who tried to preserve the culture of village life, extending it through publications, sound recordings, and show productions (staging and music, presenting violeros and bands), and making its dissemination possible through radio broadcasts. In contrast to the urban transformations experienced in the city of São Paulo, representations of the countryside and life in the interior emerge that constitute different currents which express esteem for the paleto or campesino man and then criticize him. It is in this context that the article traces the trajectory, performance, and production of Cornélio Pires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper problematizes the interpretations that frazine punks of São Paulo produced at the start of the New Republic. The images of José Sarney which were constructed and represented in magazines of the mid 1980s, such as Violência Gratuita, Holocausto, Falange Anarquista, Chantagem Ocasional, Revolta do Subúrbio, N.C Punk e Pânico, are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative analysis on the Argentine Catholic newspapers Criterio and Orden Cristiano on the public order during World War II is provided. The newspapers are actually different and unique, but also convergent agents. The article is a contribution towards the literature on the relationships between Catholicism and politics in Argentina during that period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What I want to comprehend is how, during Portuguese Estado Novo, colonial cinema "imagined" woman. I lay out in "shot" women representations on the propaganda film Feitiço do Império (Empire's spell, 1940), directed by António Lopes Ribeiro, before I examine, in "reverse shot", the ones presented in forbidden films by the Censorship Commission: Catembe (1965) e Deixem-me ao menos subir as palmeiras... (At least let my climb the palmtrees..., 1972). Finally I will analyse the woman filmic representation when cinema became the "eye of freedom" in militant films such as Sambizanga (1972), directed by Sarah Maldoror. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will attempt to analyze important moments in the thought and action of anti-liberal Portuguese nationalism between 1820 --the Liberal Revolution-- and 1940 --the height of the anti-liberal authoritarianism of the "Estado Novo"--. This ideological field incorporated a diversity of thinkers, from different currents of civic opinion and political groups, that are analyzed here from a historical perspective that combines the history of ideas and political history. It is shown how the anti-liberal nationalist political culture in Portugal was characterized by an outstanding predominance of thinkers and of French counter-revolutionary political groups, as well as by conservative Catholic indoctrination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical essay dealing with the relevant changes in the world economy, from the belle époque to Bretton Woods, emphasizing elements of continuity and its ruptures and discontinuities, in trade, finance as well as in institutional aspects. Among the continuities, appears the resilience of a core group of advanced economies, which is able to draft and define the international policy agenda, and the importance of the industrial and technological capabilities to support any exercise of strategic and military projection by those big powers; among the discontinuities is the failure of some emerging powers, namely Germany and Japan, in their challenging of this world order by means of an imperial-like power projection outside of the core group of market economies aiming to create a global interdependence based on democratic and liberal principles. Another emerging power during that period, Soviet Union, was essentially economically irrelevant and was not able to project its own power before the end of the World War II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the sphere of International Political Economy the concept of hegemony has been discussed by various authors almost always taking as a starting point the turbulent 1970s, which seemed to set the decline of the United States as world power. The global crisis of 2008-2009 has been reliving the theme. The aim of this paper is to analyze the concept of hegemony and question whether the United States is still hegemonic within the world system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the reconstitution of the social professions' itinerary in Portugal during the i and ii Republic, during the period that unfolds between its foundation (1910), the constitution of Estado Novo (1933-1945) and the succession of Salazar (1968), exploring, in particular, the visitadoras (visitors) as one of the central and paradigmatic characters of the constitution of social professions. The paper carries out an historiographical reconstitution based on secondary sources, exploring, especially, the influential figures and movements in the establishment of these emerging professions, the dynamics of rupture and continuity between its pivotal periods, international influences, as well as its gender dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This reflection proposes a discussion about the tricks used by theatrical producers, playwrights and actors to deceive the military governments censors that succeed in Brazil between 1964 and 1985. In this sense, it broaches the production of some plays, focusing those ones that contemplated themes assessed as immoral or reverberated on political issues taken as subversive. Creative professionals concealed the content of the messages in the scripts, dialogues and sceneries of many plays in this period, but not disregarding, for example, aesthetic impasses, the existential and class questions, the hidden problems under the aegis of progress and the consumer society. The complexity of this proposition implies the understanding about the strategies used by artists and the tactics used by the censors, who were based on a body of laws and trained by the National Police Academy, to curb the works that denote characteristics considered highly harmful to the maintenance of public order and democratic and christian values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monocultures caused ecological, cultural, social and economic changes in 20th century Paraná. Two relevant examples were the expansion of coffee plantations in the northern region of the state in the first half of the century and soybean cultivation in all the regions during the last decades. The expansion of soybean cultivation and its repercussions in the press are problematized from the point of view of Environmental History between the 1960s and 1980s. The press was highly important for the dissemination of the ideas on agricultural technology and landscape changes for farmers to obtain higher efficiency in the control of nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on the formation of Brazilian geopolitics are usually focused on the traditional items of the subject, such as territoriality, space, economic resources and military power. This assay aims to analyze the cutting point where it would be not believable to identify the existence of cultural factors that would also contribute to build the modern national geopolitics thinking, especially in the first years in the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper I discuss the assumptions and significance of some of the theses and techniques behind Portuguese colonial land policies in Africa between the mid-1920s and the 1940s, and discuss their role in the Portuguese colonial project. I particularly address the extent to which, both in national and international discussion fora on colonial topics, as well as in official discourse, through the voice of politicians in the metropole as well as colonial administrators and experts, arguments in favour of African access to individual property, for different purposes, gained ground. These arguments went against the dominant perspective in Portuguese colonial thought between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries which dictated the limited access of Africans to the land for instance in the name of economic development of colonial territories, the fight against land speculation and the safeguarding of Portuguese sovereignty in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral narratives by the inhabitants of the district of Entre Rios in the municipality of Guarapuava PR Brazil, are provided and discussed. The Entre Rios settlement, with approximately 2500 people, was formed in the 1950s. The inhabitants identified themselves as Suabians of the Danube who migrated to Brazil as refugees after World War II. Besides immigrants and their offspring, the district is also inhabited by non-Suabians. Current analysis focuses on the life-narratives of migrants or non-migrants, the social events celebrated among the inhabitants and the identifications in the narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender relationships focusing on homages to the women of Assis (a town in the center-western region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil) between 1959 and 1994, are discussed. Homages, expressed in monuments, street names, city squares, schools, libraries, Cultural Centers and other places, are based on the activities of women who benefitted the community. They feature lawyers, politicians, journalists, teachers and common citizens that exceeded their personal limitations and conquered a place acknowledged by society (politically invested) so that their names may be inscribed in the city's public places. However, acknowledgement of female contributions in the construction of the city is not projected at the same pace or speed as that of males who compose the gallery of 'remembered men'. This fact brings forth the following questions: If the naming of public places were for decades based on gender, what had changed by the end of the 1950s for such a redefinition? What is the true meaning of such homages? Who are these women and what do they represent? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the way in which a certain style of anthropology practiced in Mexico, especially in the 1970s and 80s, defined the indigenous intellectual on the basis of practices previously structured by indigenism, although not exclusively by them. A new juncture has altered the narratives of acculturation. This juncture has responded to national situations in a context marked by the struggles of decolonization and focused on topics relating to poverty, change and cultural revitalization. If indigenism can be understood as a type of orientalism, this text has sought to reflect on the way indigenous intellectuals were the subject of this process of creation, imagistics, and of anthropological utopías. The "critical anthropologists" politicized the place of the intellectual of their day as a subject capable of unveiling certain truths and hidden forms of domination that could be discovered by indigenous people with the help of anthropologists. The ideal was to train indigenous persons as anthropologists, so that they could discover these truths for themselves and then teach them to the members of their community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The story of a couple of Portuguese migrants in France hit in the summer of 2013, the record ratings in theaters. The film "The Golden Cage" by Ruben Alves, recovered the theme of Portuguese emigration, at a time when this reached the boom recorded in the 1960s. Filmmaker refers to 'portugalidade' as an alleged 'belonging to Portugal', using his own route, which named as a cliché, and uses multiple stereotypes in a humorous way by which some shame that the children of immigrants feel toward their parents, as well as contrasts with the society they live in is shown. The great fiction in the film is the anticipation of the return to the country of origin, fulfilling the dream of subverting the logic: in the film, there are not the parents that returns back, but the children, who apparently aren't identified with the country of progenitors. The film sparked the debate about emigration, taking advantage of the economic crisis to reflect on his return in force as well as the profiles of new migrants. Did the Portuguese in the 'diaspora' still rekindle the 'Lusitanian' flame (Gonçalves, 2009)? And is the sharing of the name 'Portugal' enough just to highlight an alleged national identity (Sobral, 2012)? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the strategies undertaken by a group of pinhalenses on the demolition process of the Italian Society de Mútuo Socorro headquarters "Dante Alighieri" in the city of Espírito Santo do Pinhal (SP) is analysed, which although it is not recognized by official heritage agencies, it was considered socially and culturally significant in order to configure on a heritage to the descendants of Italians. Two "critical situations", located in different times, is used as a parameter for the interpretations developed here: (1) the confiscation of assets of Italian immigrants in 1942, when Brazil' enters into the World War II and (2) the demolition of the Italian Society headquarters in 1991. In an analysis of the social interaction of two disciplinary organizations in time and space - the Italian Society and a Lodge - with various social agents, children of Italians, in order to follow the cultural debate of the social practise. We seek to articulate the relationship between the unspeakable memories and thus silenced, of the war period, with the data of cartographic documents, interwoven with historical data, in order to understand the headquarter's demolition as a result of strategic behaviour undertaken by a group of pinhalenses, which aimed to eliminate the tangible marks of fascism in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This personal piece aims at identifying the main aspects of the 'Zeitgeist' in Portugal in the 1980s and how it affected the coming of age of an Anthropology student, namely the post-revolutionary 'democratic normalization' and the processes of internationalization (with European and US influences). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article situates events and processes that occurred during the 1970s, relevant for the development of anthropology in Portugal. It is based on both information already available as well as lived experience. Because at the time anthropology was not yet an entirely institutionalized discipline, we propose that this period constituted a phase of intellectual mourning provoked both bv the shock of colonial emancipation and bv a shifting scientific paradigm (abandonment of the search for harmony or egalitarianism, in favor of new focuses on conflict and inequality). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the transformations in Portuguese anthropology during the 1990s, both as experienced by the author in connections to North American and Brazilian anthropology and as experienced by the community of Portuguese social scientists, which hosted in 1990 two international conferences that were key to the dynamics of internationalization in that decade: the first EASA meeting and the first Luso-Afro-Brazilian Social Sciences Conference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A scientific journey oriented by anthropological goals began with social psychology, then delved into psychoanalysis and later cultural and social anthropology, always guided bv clear objectives: trans-disciplinary integration; the quest for ethnographic experience as a complement of psychoanalytical experience; the construction of a structural- dynamic. post-rationalist approach; and the creation of research tools to be employed in the exploration of strategic objects, selected via theory (the dynamics of inter-ethnidtv and of the multi-dimensional articulation between identity-based social representations, the analysis of the cultural productions of modernity, and strategies of symbolic materialization of the trans-cultural unconscious). On this journey, we attempted to call attention to the ways in which the articulation of theoretical analysis, documentary analysis, and the construction of objective-oriented research tools - which enables the mathematical processing of information and a heuristic articulation with qualitative research - made it possible to put forward new concepts and hypotheses regarding the crucial function of identity processes in the open-ended and interconnected socio-historical construction and transformation of personal gender, family, inter-ethnic, and political identities, within a tensionally differentiated world system, in a multidimensional, contradictory, and unstable form. We consider the anthropology of identity processes as the integrative keystone of the unfinished structure of social and cultural anthropology, which makes articulation possible with all the disciplines which shatter anthropological research into fragments [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introduction aims to acquaint the reader to the grounds that served as the basis for the production of a thematic dossier on the anthropology that has been done in Portugal in the last 50 years. These are but some explanatory lines on the context in which the opportunity to compile all the valuable contributions that each author has agreed to pay for this thematic dossier emerged, as well as some notes on how the organization of the texts included in it were thought, given the importance that each of them has, as marks of each and every decade, from the sixties to the present. Therefore, the alignment follows an order so that it hopes it will allow a plain understanding of what has been done in anthropology in Portugal in the past half century. The authors who developed the contents of each contribution are also briefly presented, expecting this dossier to be somehow relevant as an advancement to the history of this social science discipline at a national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current article analyzes the theoretical merit that foregrounds the Historian's pretension in formation, in postulating non-conventional work in space and field of activities, following probably conceptions of identity and professional self-representations that base the profile of the historian of a certain period which is not ours. Focusing on the media in the trajectory of the annalists in the 1970s, the possible theoretical framework that bases the practices of French historians is examined. The intersection with the movement in Brazil established by the law that institutes the profession of the historian is also assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to analyze the protest and the response of human resource managers to the critic on the models of work organization made by the labor movement throughout 1974 and 1975. Based on the documents produced by both unions and workers committees or on the newsletter published by the Portuguese Association of Managers, we will seek to demonstrate the relevance of this conflict in the emergence of a new discourse around the worker and the company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of the study is to analyze the nurse's image during the commencement mass for the first graduating class of the Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing at the University of São Paulo (USP) in 1957. Methods: The images were analyzed in light of the thinking of Pierre Bourdieu and the literature on rites, fashion, body language, the history of Brazil and the history of nursing. Results: Two images that meet the criteria for inclusion were found in the institution's historical collection. The graduation mass was celebrated on December 21, 1957 at 8:30 a.m. and was entitled the Solemn Mass of Thanksgiving in the Chapel of the Sacred Heart of Jesus at the Ribeirão Preto Holy House of Mercy. Conclusion: The signs instituted in the graduation mass include the uniform, the cap and the space between the graduates and the public, which was marked with clear fabric and denotes an area of social distinction. In addition, the corporal héxis reveals seriousness and purity, and helps to establish the new image of the graduate nurse in Ribeirão Preto. This study serves to broaden the discussion on construction of the nurse's image, professional identity and the Catholic influence in nursing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the military relations between Brazil and the United States during the 1940s and the first half of the 1950s, with a focus on the impact of those relations on the Brazilian army, especially the Exército Brasileiro. Subjects discussed include the anti-communism movement in the context of an ideological polarization in the Exército, the participation of Brazil in the Korean War, and the military agreement with the U.S. signed by the government of President Getúlio Vargas in 1952. Particular attention is given to the historical role of General Newton Estillac Leal, who was the ministry of war in the government of Vargas.

Current analysis investigates certain aspects of the daily life of different social groups in the National Territory of the Chaco, in northern Argentina, during the period in which the latter had a huge attraction power. It was a consequence of the massive economic processes especially linked to cotton culture and its industrialization. Villages and towns emerged within the Territory in a short lapse of time. They harbored heterogeneous social communities with degrees of adaptation to the new environment. The paper deals with the way they related themselves socially and with the mechanisms linking labor activities with leisure within their adopted homeland. Interviews, depositions, newspapers, memoirs and information linked to this issue foreground the documental basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discourses on the defense of democracy are recurrent in texts published by the Higher School of War (ESG) after the military coup. The ESG was one of the conspiratorial nuclei that produced the 1964 coup and trained civil and military agents who served the dictatorship. Current paper discusses the relationship between the ESG intellectuals and their concept of democracy. In fact, a well-elaborated restrictive concept of democracy was imbedded within the ESG discourse. The formula contains essential presuppositions assimilated by the integrating forces of the ESG through the defense of capitalist bases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper deals with the involvement of dissident military people of the Brazilian Armed Forces in guerilla movements against the military dictatorship. The militarism of organizations, as opposed to political negotiations, is investigated, based on processes filed in military courts and on interviews. Stalemates and the influence of military people with military training were the cause of tension and ruptures in armed opposition groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although World War II triggered a brief expectation for the establishment of world peace, the fear of new conflicts hovered on the international scene at the start of the so-called Cold War. Political, economical, diplomatic and ideological rives between the United States and the Soviet Union became commonplace. The capitalist and the socialist blocks were gradually established and the start of the conflict was a high theme in Brazilian journalism. O Estado de S. Paulo, Folha da Manhã, Correio da Manhã and Jornal do Brasil exploited the theme by reports, editorials, articles, columns and charges. The analysis of this journalistic material on the initial skirmishes of the Cold War is central to this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper analyzes a section of the program elaborated by the Research and Social Studies Institute (IPES) that gathered a large quantity of agents against the administration of João Goulart and prepared a section of the colligation that would trigger the 1964 military coup. They also took part in the civil-military dictatorship by occupying first rank posts in the administration. From such an advantageous condition, the agents transformed structural aspects of Brazilian society since the authoritarian administration was not restricted to repression activities but had essential re-foundational aims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]