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This paper comes from developments in the research “Protection and guarantee systems for human rights aimed at children and youth in Portugal, Angola, Brazil, and Mozambique.” We reflect on the lack of protection for children and adolescents in Brazil, analyzing it from the point of view of structural racism in a colonial context, in the post-Abolition period, as well as its persistence in the process of consolidating capitalism and its contemporary expressions. We mention two emblematic cases of violence against black children that occurred during the pandemic, thus demonstrating that the tragedy caused by the crisis of capital, along with the crisis of public health and other elements aggravated by the COVID19 pandemic, is the persistence and exacerbation of coloniality and racism that has plagued Brazil for over 500 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims at presenting an analysis on the main impacts of the process of criminalizing poverty on the lives of Brazilian children and adolescents, grounding this process in the penal state constitution and in the neoliberal ideology, intending to clarify the limits and challenges faced by the implementation of a child and youth protection policy in Brazil. Thereby, a historical and contemporary bibliographical analysis was carried out to serve as a basis for this paper and to become acquainted with the study object. Besides, a document analysis was employed to identify statistics and data that exemplify the issue examined through a set of official documents. This study recognized a controversial background for the implementation of the accomplishments from Brazil’s Constitution of 1988 and from the Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA), that is, for the child and youth integral protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper analyzes the witness of the child or adolescent who has been the victim of sexual violence through the paradigm of the protection of the rights of children and personality rights. The above is achieved through an analogy with special affidavit employed in Brazil and normed by Law 13,431/2017 and its repercussions on the criminal sentence. Protection level given through the Brazilian penal system during the retrieval of children's witness during the processual phase within the context of children and adolescent victims was analyzed. It aims at minimizing pain or secondary victimization, such as memory distortions caused by the state apparatus when probing the crimes. In fact, they may jeopardize the accuracy of penal proofs and may result in equivocated condemnations. Current research has been foregrounded on constitutional and infra-constitutional legislation to verify existing flaws in children's testimony and thus the influence on the judge's decision. Recent studies in Human Sciences (Neurology, Psychology, Social Sciences, Pedagogy) have questioned the robustness of the victims' affidavits, especially due to false memories which jeopardize the exactness of proofs. Research methodology is based on multidisciplinary stance of Law, coupled to different areas such as Psychology of the witness and Cognitive Psychology. The deductive method is employed through bibliographic research as from an interpretative analytic methodology, with an investigation on the general legislation structure composed of several international contracts, laws and norms that involved the protection system for children. This is highly important to reach the aims propsed and thus the conclusions. We would like to characterize distortions of memory in prisons and unjust condemnations, and insist on the need for reinforcement of the criterion on the accused's presumed constitutional innocence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current research deals with the structure of the Program for the Protection of Death-Threatened Children and Young People in the state of Minas Gerais (PPCAAM), Brazil, and the profile of the victims. Research also delineates which are the program's activities and its importance and identifies the impact it causes, challenges and plans to face the issues involved. Current paper is a case study analyzed qualitatively and particularly. The Program and the need to broaden the articulation of public policies as a strategy against infant-juvenile lethality in Brazil are confirmed so that children and adolescents may have their rights guaranteed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the development of a web platform for the prevention and attention of cases of cyberbullying against Children and Adolescents, who currently due to the confinement by the COVID19 pandemic, are in greater contact with digital media. According to international and national statistics (in Mexico), children and adolescents are hyperconnected, with little supervision in the use of media and with out guidance in the safe and responsible use of technology. They are learning from home and school classrooms are now on digital media, so elementary, middle and high school students are not exempt from being victims of attacks such as cyberbullyng, sextortions, phishing and grooming, among others, which unfortunately affect their physical and psychological integrity. In coordination with an agency responsible for the protection of the rights of children and adolescents (the System for the Comprehensive Protection of Children and Adolescents of a local government), we worked on the analysis, design, development and testing of a platform that allows, mainly three things: 1) inform and prevent through digital content about online risks; 2) diagnose the vulnerability of children and adolescents to make decisions and implement targeted actions in schools where there is greater vulnerability; and finally, provide a reporting mechanism, through which children and adolescents can report to SIPINNA if they are victims of any type of cyberbullying and the organization can address or channel with the pertinent authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents the initial phase of a larger project being developed by the "Media, communication policy and democracy in the European Union" research group, which is currently working on the study "Communication policies, SVOD platforms and values education for minors in the single digital market (2020-2022)". We wish to pursue in this study that, beyond technological considerations, it is necessary to expand the scope of child protection by establishing mutual collaboration between regulators, distributors and video on demand services, as well as consumers and parents' organisations, in an effort to further enhance cooperation and mutual understanding (European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services, 2017b, p. 75). It is for this reason that we believe that the academic sphere can also be invited into this wide-ranging discussion on child protection to contribute reflections on a key aspect: audiovisual and media education, an essential pillar of protection in addition to filters, external limits, and electronic labelling. We thus uphold a vision that not only considers the "digital stuff" but also highlights the need for "ethos stuff" (Goggin, 2008, p.89). In this respect, we have considered it essential a literature review on the concept of media literacy. Secondly, our qualitative methodology involves an analysis of the instructions issued by the European Union and their implementation in Spain. In this stage, we have conducted desk research based on a narrative analysis of the documents and programs of different institutions in order to chart the evolution of the question in recent years, at a time when the digital environment has changed more quickly than ever before. This same type of analysis is also conducted on the initiatives of European and Spanish companies to determine whether they are implementing child protection strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents the initial phase of a larger project being developed by the "Media, communication policy and democracy in the European Union" research group, which is currently working on the study "Communication policies, SVOD platforms and values education for minors in the single digital market (2020-2022)". We wish to pursue in this study that, beyond technological considerations, it is necessary to expand the scope of child protection by establishing mutual collaboration between regulators, distributors and video on demand services, as well as consumers and parents' organisations, in an effort to further enhance cooperation and mutual understanding (European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services, 2017b, p. 75). It is for this reason that we believe that the academic sphere can also be invited into this wide-ranging discussion on child protection to contribute reflections on a key aspect: audiovisual and media education, an essential pillar of protection in addition to filters, external limits, and electronic labelling. We thus uphold a vision that not only considers the "digital stuff" but also highlights the need for "ethos stuff" (Goggin, 2008, p.89). In this respect, we have considered it essential a literature review on the concept of media literacy. Secondly, our qualitative methodology involves an analysis of the instructions issued by the European Union and their implementation in Spain. In this stage, we have conducted desk research based on a narrative analysis of the documents and programs of different institutions in order to chart the evolution of the question in recent years, at a time when the digital environment has changed more quickly than ever before. This same type of analysis is also conducted on the initiatives of European and Spanish companies to determine whether they are implementing child protection strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the issue of removing the aggressor from the household in cases of child sexual abuse and applying the Full Protection Doctrine, taking into account the psychosocial care given to the aggressor, the family and the victim. For this purpose, the instrumental case study approach was adopted with a purposive sample within the context of a Brazilian court's Referral Center for Full Protection of Children and Adolescents Facing Sexual Violence. Members of a family affected by sexual violence that was the object of a technical study due to a protective order determination were the subject of the survey: mother, stepfather and three adolescent daughters. The information was organized and interpreted using the document analysis method. In the process of recovering the protection system, the courts failed to strengthen their dialogue with the Rights Guarantee System, suggesting that Defense actions are not fully in tune with actual and solid protection measures available to the individuals being studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How can foster care in Portugal be defined and characterized today? How relevant is it in the child protection system? What main obstacles does it have to overcome and what challenges is it facing? The purpose of this article is to reflect upon foster care, on the basis of its new legal framework (Decreto-Lei n.° 11/2008, 17 January), analyzing the different types of fostering it foresees, as well as the mechanisms of foster care families selection, training, and support. In its conclusion, the paper presents a number of ideas on the future of foster care in Portugal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]