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Objective: To analyze the efficiency of São Paulo municipalities with spending on the Primary Health Care subfunction in 2018 and its association with location, population size, wealth generated in the municipality (GDP - Gross Domestic Product) and budget expenditures with this public policy. Methodology: Exploratory descriptive and explanatory study with São Paulo municipalities in six similar clusters of population and GDP. It uses the settled expense as input, the Number of ESF Teams, Percentage of ESF Coverage, Number of Basic Health Units and Percentage of Live Births of mothers who performed more than 7 consultations in the prenatal period as an output. The efficiency level of each municipality is shown on georeferenced maps. Pearson's correlation is used to estimate the levels of associations between quantitative variables. Results: 102 municipalities have a maximum level of efficiency, distributed among the five groups. Municipalities with a low number of inhabitants and GDP tend to be more inefficient. Efficiency has a low correlation with population size, GDP or public spending. The municipalities with the lowest levels of efficiency are neighbors of São Paulo (Metropolitan Region) or small cities scattered throughout the territory. Theoretical Contributions: identifies that the management (formulation, implementation and evaluation) of the primary health care policy must consider different programs that focus on its location in the territory, population and wealth of the municipalities. There are references to the benchmarks for good practices in managing Primary Health Care policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hospitalizations due to Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSC) have been used as an indicator of access to primary care and monitoring of its performance. Objective: To analyze the behavioral trend of ACSC among elderly in Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2010 to 2015. Method: Ecological study based on data from the Hospital Information System (SIH) of the Unified Health System (SUS), concerning the hospitalization of the elderly aged 60-79 years. ACSC rates were calculated, global, specific by ACSC and by health administrative region. Results: A total of 126,757 ACSC occurred in the period (8.8% of all hospitalizations by SUS). The overall rate decreased from 10.4 to 9.4 (p/1,000). The causes of hospitalization showed a reduction in the risk of hospitalization for hypertension, nutritional deficiencies, and infectious gastroenteritis, but increased the risk of hospitalization for kidney and urinary tract infection. The ACSC rates also varied according to the health regions: regions with low population density, lower per capita GDP and worse health infrastructure showed higher rates. Conclusion: The variation of the indicator among health regions may reflect socioeconomic disparities and the organization and supply of health services. Raising inpatient rates for some of the ACSC may indicate the need for PHC services to increase efforts to care for the elderly who suffer from comorbidity more often. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serious allergic reactions to vaccines are rare and difficult to predict. An allergic reaction can be defined as an idiosyncratic reaction caused by an immune mechanism. The World Allergy Organization (WAO) has recommended categorizing immune reactions to drugs (including vaccines) based on when symptoms appear. Patients who experience vaccine reactions that may have represented immediate IgEmediated allergic reactions should be referred to an allergist for evaluation, if possible. Studies have shown that puncture and intradermal tests with Pfizer's full-strength COVID-19 mRNA vaccine are non-irritating. Negative skin test results would indicate that the reaction may not have been mediated by IgE, and administration of the second dose in the usual manner under observation may be considered. The administration of second doses in these circumstances requires shared decision making with the patient, weighing the risk of a vaccine reaction against the risk of remaining inadequately vaccinated against COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, morphological, anatomical and material dimension has a special emphasis on children's books, in opposition to the traditional deference attributed to the verbal component, substantiated in objects, often playful, hybrids, originals that defy any attempts at a definition and a categorization by the investigation. Having as central reference the volume Agradar e tocar: ensaio sobre a sociedade da sedução, by Gilles Lipovetsky, dedicated to the analysis of the bases of hypermodern society, this study focuses, particularly, on the short story Hop-o'-My-Thumb or The Boots of Seven Leagues, universally disseminated since 1697, by Charles Perrault, a text revisited here in four object books aimed at children, namely As Botas das Sete Léguas, by Vojtěch Kubašta; Polegarzinho e as Botas das Sete Léguas, illustrated by Truus Vinger, both edited by Electroliber; O Pequeno Polegar, by Booksmile, and O Muito Grande Pequeno Polegar, illustrated by Clémentine Sourdais, and translated by Edicare. It is intended, in this way, to reflect on the main singularities of these works or of these verbal-iconic and graphic reconfigurations, mainly based on the exploration of the materiality of the object book, through which it is revisited at an aesthetic and sensory level, a playful narrative centered on the theme of child death and abandonment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to present a study on the presence of Zoltan Dienes in Porto Alegre and the activities he developed with teachers of mathematics in the I and II Conference of Study and Learning of Mathematics, respectively in 1972 and 1973. Our purpose is to look at the teacher-training Dienes who through events and courses disseminated their ideas and methods on "the ways of teaching" modern mathematics. The sources used for the development of the study were local newspapers, photographs and documents located in the Study Group on Mathematics Teaching in Porto Alegre (GEEMPA) collection and the Mathematics Laboratory of the Institute of Education General Flores da Cunha, as well as an interview with teacher Esther Grossi, GEEMPA coordinator. We found that the presence of Dienes was widely reported in the local press. The demonstration classes left marks and directed actions of GEEMPA. In addition, we have indications that the concern with teacher training was very much present in Dienes's works as well as in his practices when traveling in several countries, giving lectures and courses aimed at disseminating his ideas about the learning of modern mathematics contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservantes alimentares, como o benzoato de sódio, são amplamente utilizados para preservar alimentos, entretanto seu consumo exagerado pode gerar complicações na saúde e na gestação. A gestação é um processo que exige a ocorrência de eventos morfofisiológicos essenciais para o seu sucesso, tais como a invasão trofoblástica e o remodelamento vascular. Estes eventos sofrem influência das células Natural Killer uterinas (uNK), células imunológicas que atingem 70% da representatividade linfocitária no útero gestante de murinos e seres humanos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da administração em excesso de benzoato de sódio para camundongos prenhes em parâmetros gestacionais e comportamentais da prole. Camundongos fêmeas da linhagem Swiss receberam o tratamento diário com benzoato de sódio via gavagem orogástrica nas concentrações de: (grupo 1) 150 mg/kg e (grupo 2) 300 mg/kg; e grupo controle, que recebeu apenas salina. O tratamento foi feito do dia de gestação 1 (GD1) ao GD9. No GD10 as fêmeas foram eutanasiadas para coleta de sítios de implantação, rim, coração e fígado. Os sítios de implantação foram submetidos à coloração de Hematoxilina e Eosina (HE) para avaliação da morfometria das artérias, e à histoquímica de lectina DBA para a análise esterológica dos subtipos de célulasuNK. Foi possível observar que a administração do conservante reduziu o númerode células uNK DBA+ com consequente aumento no número de células uNK DBAlow, e causou aumento na espessura da parede das artérias endometriais no grupo 2. A administraçao do conservante benzoato de sódio afetou parametros gestacionais relacionados às células iminológicas maternas e às artérias endometrias, sugerindo que o conservante está afetando de modo negativo a gestação. No momento, estudos estão em andamento para análise histológica dos tecidos cardíaco, hepático e renal e análise comportamental da prole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study aimed to understand what makes people produce cosplays, that is, what originates the behavior of dressing up as animated cartoon and anime heroes, mostly the Japanimation (Japanese animated cartoons), and the consequences of such motivation. Data collection occurred between October 2003 and October 2004 in the cities of São Paulo (state of São Paulo) and Aracaju (state of Sergipe), both in Brazil, and the sample consisted of 26 participants with an average age of 17.5 years (SD = 3.42). Qualitative analysis was utilized in the format of interviews to better detect the occurrence of the phenomenon and its explanation. The results demonstrated that the youngsters have such preference because they distance themselves from their daily context. That is, the fact of adopting the characters' profile and, mainly, dressing like them, impersonating them, would be a way of searching for well-being, which would help them to maintain their daily balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Comparar o efeito da redução do uso do Cateter Vesical de Demora (CVD) no perfil de infecção de trato urinário (ITU) em hospital público no estado de SP antes e após a reformulação dos critérios para retirada do dispositivo. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo e observacional realizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto. Os dados foram obtidos através dos relatórios de Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde, elaborados mensalmente pelo Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar e o relatório de produção hospitalar, ambos disponibilizados por meio do e-mail institucional. Resultados: Em junho de 2017 foram protocolados os seguintes critérios que atualmente norteiam a retirada do CVD: Doses estáveis ou em declínio de drogas vasoativas e ausência de sedação contínua. Após analisado os critérios e sendo definido a retirada do CVD, a diurese é quantificada por uso de cateterismo intermitente, pesagem de fralda ou dispositivo não invasivo tipo "uripen". Nos doze meses anteriores, a unidade internou em média 45 pacientes/mês, desses 38 utilizaram CVD, o setor apresentou uma média mensal de 7 ITU'S e nos doze meses após a reformulação os números obtidos foram: média de internação de 70 pacientes/mês, com 48 pacientes que utilizaram CVD e uma redução de 50%(3,5) do número de ITU'S por CVD. Conclusão: A reformulação dos critérios culminou na retirada do dispositivo em tempo oportuno o que fez com que as taxas de incidência de infecção caíssem consideravelmente mostrando um ganho para o paciente e instituição. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Brazil, the promotion, protection, and recovery of health are among the initiatives provided by the public and universal Unified Health System (SUS). The primary healthcare level (PHC), the preferred point of access to the system, plays the role of coordinating and ordinating health care services and actions in the network. In the context of PHC, feeding and nutrition efforts must be aligned with National Feeding and Nutrition Policy (PNAN) guidelines and may be supported by feeding and nutritional surveillance actions. Data from PHC information systems and population surveys show that excess weight affects more than half the adult population of Brazil, and that consumption of ultra-processed foods is on the rise. This scenario requires that health care teams be prepared to prioritize initiatives for users with chronic diseases, using risk stratification, stabilization of the disease, and enhancement of supported self-care with a focus on diet and physical activity. At the same time, considering the country's epidemiological profile, teams must carry out initiatives to fight undernutrition and prevent anemia and hypovitaminosis A to address the multiple burden of malnutrition. The present article describes the current scenario of feeding and nutrition initiatives implemented at the PHC level in Brazil via the SUS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background - Implantable Collamer Lens are an alternative to conventional refractive procedures. Its implant may develop complications that can be lowered if reliable measurements are made before and after surgery. The aim of this study is to analyze the inter-operator variability of before and after surgery measurements, using images obtained through anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Methods - Using the SD-OCT Spectralis® equipment, two orthoptists measured the inter scleral spur diameter, pupillary diameter, and vault, in 60 images of 30 eyes implanted with ICL lenses. For the statistical analysis, the mean value t-test for independent samples was used, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was also calculated. Bland-Altman Plots were also created. Results - Assessing the intraclass correlation coefficient, all the studied measurements showed an excellent agreement between the two operators. For the t-test, statistically significant differences were observed between the two operators only for vault measurements, with possible clinical impact. As for the measures of inter scleral spur diameter, despite the absence of statistically significant differences, there were some differences with clinical significance that should be corrected in the future. Conclusions - Inter-operator measurement differences should be evaluated statistically but also clinically because, despite the absence of statistically significant differences, their clinical impact should be assessed, weighted, and corrected when needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]