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Monthly and annual changes in rainfall and air temperature may favor the occurrence of forest fires, which can be associated with fire focus observed via satellite. The objective of this study was to evaluate the annual variability of rainfall and air temperature and relate them to the fire focus observed in Jataí, Goiás, Brazil, between 2008 and 2021. Microclimatic data (rainfall, and minimum, mean and maximum temperature) and the number of daily fire focus from 2008 and 2021. According to the climatological normal (1981-2010) of Jataí, the mean values of rainfall (Pmm) and air temperature (Tar) were, respectively, 1,648.9 mm and 22.4 °C. In the period studied, Pmm ranged from 1,108.4 mm (2019) to 1,868.0 (2008), ant Tar presented in 2021, 22.1 °C, and in 2014, 23.72 °C. The driest months were from May to October, especially July and August, however the hottest were September and October. Between 2008 and 2021, were observed 1,270.0 fire focus, with greater concentration in the driest months. Although there was a correlation between the microclimatic variables and fire focus, they were not significant (p > 0.05). This allows us to infer that the low annual variability of Pmm and Tar (minimum, mean, and maximum) meant that there was no significant correlation with the number of hot spots observed in Jataí between 2008 and 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the seasonal and intra-annual variability of isoprene emissions in central Amazon using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN 2.1). For that, we used observational data of air temperature, solar radiation and leaf area index fractionated into age classes (new, growing, mature and senescing). Additionally, we evaluated the effect of air temperature and solar radiation on isoprene emissions. Our results showed that the highest isoprene fluxes were observed during the dry season and dry-wet transition, consistent with the variability of radiation and air temperature at the experimental site. However, such environmental factors cannot explain the variation of isoprene flux fully, suggesting that other agents (i.e. biological) may also be associated with the seasonal changes in isoprene emissions in central Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we present a simple experiment that seeks to show the influence of atmospheric air temperature on the speed of sound propagation. The experiment consists of the simultaneous observation of air temperature and the speed of propagation of sound, using diurnal temperature variations. The experiment is based on an acoustic range finder and makes use of an Arduino Uno board with a datalogger shield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innate capacity to increase in number is defined as the maximum rate (mr) of increase obtained by a population of fixed age distribution, in any combination of the physical factors of time, under optimal conditions of space, feeding, and intra-specific influence, excluding inter-specific influence. In this work, the hypothesis is that there is a thermal threshold, this is the base temperature (Tb) for the development of Atherigona Orientalis, and the increase and/or decrease of the population is a function of its survival, fertility, sex ratio, and fecundity, with thresholds influenced by isotherms. These equations determined the number of generations per year of the bioindicator Atherigona Orientalis for isotherms from 21 C to 27 C. Through the number of individuals of the last compartment (females in pre-oviposition), obtained through the simulations, as a function of time, for each isotherm, it was possible to estimate the number of annual generations conditioned to a system without gains or losses. Depending on the temperature, Atherigona Orientalis can present from 4,19 to 8,23 and 4,74 to 8,55 generations per year when obtained through the development equations and simulations, respectively, and the higher the temperature higher the number of generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theme of forest fires is increasingly relevant, either by influence of climate change or by anthropic effects, with great concern about its harmful effects on the environment. Based on this, this research aimed at mapping the potential risk of forest fires in the Tapacurá River watershed, using remote sensing tools and data processing through Geographic Information Systems (GIS). For this, methodologies adapted from the works of Chuvieco and Congalton (1989) were used, making it possible to determine different classes of fire risk, ranging from low, medium to high, for various environmental factors that will influence these processes, such as land use and occupation, terrain slope, annual water deficiency, rainfall, altitude, average air temperature, real annual evapotranspiration and the orientation of the terrain's slopes. Through these factors, it was possible to obtain the fire risk map that encompassed 48.49% of the basin area being under medium fire risk level, followed by 41.28% of the area under high fire risk, and 10.23% of the area consisting of low fire risk level. The study allowed for a better understanding of these risks in the watershed area, and also presented great potential to guide public decision-making for possible measures to prevent and fight fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respiratory diseases, including pneumonia, account for many of the diseases in today's society. Many authors over time have shown the influence of climatic elements on population health. In this sense, the objective of this article is to investigate the impact of climatic elements on the records of daily hospital admissions for pneumonia in Balneário Camboriú, Santa Catarina, and Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, individually and comparatively. Through graphical and statistical analyzes, based on the Spearman's correlation (a = 5%), it was concluded that the decreasing air temperature (cooling) has a statistically significant impact on the hospitalization rate, pointing out higher peaks for pneumonia registries in winter, as well as in the transition seasons (spring and autumn). In Erechim occurred higher hospitalization records, proportionally, when compared to the locality of Santa Catarina. These results are justified by the more evident records of lower temperatures in Erechim. In addition, it is suggested that the lower socioeconomic conditions of the sul-rio-grandense location, as compared to the catarinense, have a more evident impact on the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hail precipitation swells are common in tropical and/or subtropical climate regions, as they usually occur in environments with high atmospheric instability and greater temperature ranges. In this sense, the search for understanding the causes and effects of this type of precipitation for society is fundamental, since it can help in the definition of strategies to mitigate negative impacts. Therefore, this study aimed to relate the amount and size of hails with five influential factors in the occurrence of this type of precipitation: time, temperature, season, types of storms (isolated or organized) and the amount of rain (mm). The research was conducted from January 2018 to December 2020 in the municipality of Laranjeiras do Sul, State of Paraná, Brazil. In all, data from seven events were collected. The methodology relied on the use of tools such as analog rain gauge, pocket thermometer, calipers, and radar images obtained from Meteorological System of Paraná (SIMEPAR). The data were organized in tables for each event and basic statistical analysis was performed. The results indicated that the largest amounts of hail precipitated when the air temperature was around 18 °C, with average rainfall greater than 1mm/min and with gale. As for the sizes, it was noticed that hails larger than 20 mm in diameter occurred preferably on warmer days in winter, with temperature around 20.8°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sugarcane leaf stands out among medicinal plants, being used in the treatment of high cholesterol, sexual dysfunctions, uterine inflammations, fever and colds, urinary tract infections and diabetes. Drying and storage are key steps among the post-harvest processes to obtain quality products, which are the basis for the manipulation of herbal medicines. That said the objective of this work was to evaluate the drying kinetics of sugarcane leaves, subjected to different temperatures of oven drying air. The work was developed at the Instituto Federal Goiano Campus Ceres – GO. The water content of the leaves was determined by the oven method, then the drying was done with controlled air temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 ºC in a forced-air chamber. Various mathematical models were tested to fit the experimental data. The kinetics of drying of the leaves presented a direct function with the air temperature, and the higher the drying air temperature the lower the time spent. Among the mathematical models tested, the Midilli model display the best fit to the experimental data for the drying of the sugarcane leaves. The effective diffusion coefficient increases with increasing drying air temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outdoor water sports practitioners need information about the meteorological elements in the place where they practice it, however, the information available most of the time does not take into account the specificities of the surroundings and does not contemplate the real situation. The objective of this study is to develop a weather station with real-time data transmission, for a communication application for water sports players' cell phones. The methodology was divided into three stages: elaboration of a prototype of a weather station with low cost sensors; comparison of meteorological elements obtained in the prototype and IFSC Campus Florianopolis station and transmission of meteorological elements measured by the prototype via 4G network, in real time. Field tests and adjustments in the development phase of the station were carried out at the Florianopolis Campus of the Federal Institute of Santa Catarina (IFSC), by comparing the data from the developed station and a portable weather station from Vaisala brand model WXT510. Data transmission took place with the development of a communication module coupled to a cell phone with OTG technology. As a result, the comparison between the meteorological elements measured between the stations obtained a Spearman correlation of 0.972; 0.929; 0.989; 0.944 and 1, respectively for wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, relative air humidity and atmospheric pressure, indicating that in all measured meteorological elements the time series are strongly correlated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]