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The pathway covered by liberalism in Brazil is winding. As an ideology imported from the European bourgeoisie, it found in a colonized country the appropriate environment for its advancement, even if contiguous to its antinomy, that is, nationalism. Particularly, within the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, liberalism, obliquely absorbed by the Brazilian elite, oligarchies employed liberalism in an even more instrumental, and rather contradictory, way, if compared with the rest of the country. Liberalism, therefore, experienced a particular history within Rio Grande do Sul, where several conflicts were waged on its behalf. Accordingly, this paper aims at rescuing the history of liberalism in southern Brazil by reconstructing such conflicts--and the liberal element at its bottom: the Farroupilha Revolution (1835-1845), the Federalist Revolution (1893-1895), and the 1923 War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a lot of discussions on environmental issues in cemeteries during the last decades. Older cemeteries, prior to 1820, were planned with no specific norms for place and establishment. Environmental aspects and impacts were not taken into account and, consequently, they became potential sources for environmental contamination. Current paper identifies the environmental impacts in a cemetery in a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data are important for the town since the study provides the current environmental situation of the only municipal cemetery. They may be of great help for decision taking on the environmental risks involved and may be used for fitting within the environmental norms. Methodology comprised bibliographic research on the issue and research-activity comprising four stages: historical analysis of documents on the municipal cemetery, mapping of the area, analysis on legislation and on environmental impacts. One of the issues consists in the impossibility of enlargement of the fixed area within the town's perimeter hailing from the 20s. It has also been verified that out of the 19 items in legal criteria, only one is wholly complied with, 5 items are partially complied with and 13 are contrary to current legislation. Attendance to environmental issues and the management of residues generated should be undertaken for a decrease in environmental, social and economical impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we characterize pecopterids found in deposits of the Passa Dois Group (Upper Permian of the Paraná Basin) in a new outcrop, on the side of the BR-153 road, located at the municipality of Aceguá, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Pecopterids are common in the Permian paleophytogeogragic realms, signaling interglacial phases of the Late Paleozoic. Pecopteris are one of the floral elements of the Permian Glossopteris flora and become extinct in the Permo-Triassic boundary. Mudstone strata levels bearing phytofossils with different preservation qualities allowed the recognition of Pecopteris sp. and cf. Scolecopteris sp. floral elements. Taphonomic and depositional processes that conditioned the presercation of phytofossils are suggested accordingly the specimens described. Phytofossil specimen described support and highlight polymorphic nature of Gondwanan pecopterids. These new findings demonstrate potential for further paleobotanical studies in the upper portion of the Passa Dois Group and strength the notion of Permian strata for the Teresina Formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper brings an assessment of ex situ geoheritage elements, as well as of geodiversity-related contexts and identities for the COREDE Campanha territory of the 'southern half' of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The ex-situ elements are fossils of extinct animals of Permian (amphibians and para-reptiles) and Pleistocene (mammal megafauna, especially ground sloths) ages. Curious or interesting geoheritage contexts, such as the coal-forming Permian wetlands, an oceanic lithosphere slab, or very ancient craton areas have also been highlighted. Finally, the paper approaches the artisanal gold miners' identity and the metallic ore mining memory, along with their rich built cultural heritage. By means of an adequate interpretation, such features can be added to geosites within a broad geotourism strategy for the territory of COREDE Campanha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a qualitative inventory of 'complex areas'-type geosites within the territory of the COREDE Campanha, in the so-called 'southern-half' at the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The assessment has taken into account published scientific papers and geological maps, known use of geosites by local residents, as well as a digital terrain model (DTM), which has pointed out to some high altitude or steepness areas. We identified eight geosites and provided detailed description in terms of geodiversity, several potential points of tourism, on-going activities, and existing infrastructure. This assessment could be an incentive for the municipalities and especially the COREDE executive board as they could consider geotourism as an interesting opportunity for the social and economic sustainable development in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In shaping landscapes, abiotic, biotic, and anthropic components must be interconnected, interacting with one another and providing environmental services that are widely used by populations. As a result of the intense degradation of environmental systems caused by humans, there is a need to identify areas for environmental protection, based on the choice of landscape components and an appropriate theoretical and methodological framework in accordance with the analyzed area. This paper aims to discuss the identification of an area - part of Annex 12 of the Santa Maria Land Use and Occupation Act, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil - to be protected in a territorial zone, considering its water component. This component is of fundamental importance for providing environmental services to the population. The research was developed using the multicriteria analysis methodological strategy and established the following criteria for mapping: areas with relevance in water supply, and distance from water resources. The results showed areas of significant impact in the region presented in Annex 12, which should be considered in determining the management strategies involving land use or restrictions. Thus the conceptual basis, the methodological technique, and the results obtained will contribute to designating a local area to be protected in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between teenagers and the feeling of love through their lexical-grammatical and semantic-discursive choices, considering the principles of the Transitivity System of Systemic-Functional Linguistics. The research corpus consists of 25 personal reports produced by teenagers between the ages of 17 and 18 from a public high school in the countryside of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The results showed that the teenagers' role is still much more connected to the Receiver category (56%), that is, the one affected by this feeling. The love received, in most cases, is signaled as the Phenomenon of perceptive mental clauses, indicating that teenagers feel loved by other people, rather than the Lover category (44%), in which the subject is responsible for loving someone else or something, the result of being the Senser of emotive mental clauses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the memory framework about Workers' Union in the context of the footwear industry of Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, between 1964 and 1986. The article addresses the narrative built by the "new unionism", which reduced the totality of its predecessors' political actions to the term "welfare". It is admitted that this framework influenced an analysis that there was little or no worker's management in the period addressed, which historiography has shown does not correspond to the evidences. Based on theoreticalmethodological notions from Oral History, this study seeks to collaborate with the discussion on Memory and Social History of Work during the Civil-Military Dictatorship in Brazil. This text is an outcome of my research and master's dissertation, presented to Programa de Pós-Graduação em História at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper refers to an ethnography made in the Macaco Branco quilombola community, located in the city of Portão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The objective of the research was to understand how race relations are connected with territorial conflicts that mark the history of the community. Starting from a contextualization of the quilombo within the paradigm of colonial modernity, a distinct ontology is identified within the community, which does not separate nature and culture, maintaining a collective way of being in the territory, which has historically resisted the invisibility imposed by a racist society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This photo essay portrays the circuit of preparation and offering of the Barquinhos de Iemanjá: small blue boats, approximately 40 centimeters long, made of cardboard, bearing props, flowers and food, which are the gifts destined for the orisha Iemanjá by the Centro Africano Ogum e Iansã in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The first records of this circuit were made during the preparation of those gifts in the terreiro, located in the city of Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, and continued during the excursion route of the community to Santa Terezinha beach, in Imbé, North Coast of Rio Grande do Sul, where gifts in honor of Iemanjá have been offered annually. The photos show the ritualistic stages, endowed with complexities, powers and magnitudes, with different elements, hands that make and compound boats, scenes and manifestations of Afro-Brazilian religiosity in southern Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil has shown thousands of incidents every year, which the State of Rio Grande do Sul is part of a significant portion that suffers mainly, from disasters related to heavy rainfalls. Thus, this paper presents a diagnostic of the urban area's vulnerability as regards as landslides in the medium city of Santa Maria, located in the central area of the State. To determine the degree of vulnerability it was applied remote sensing, GIS, geoprocessing, and multicriteria decision analysis. By means of thematic maps of hypsometry, slope, pedology, and soil use, it was applied to the algebra operation of maps and analytic hierarchy process. As a result, it was obtained the levels of potential environmental fragility (FAP) and emerging environmental fragility (FAE). It was concluded that although less than 15% of urban or no urbanisable areas are in hazardous areas, the urban perimeter is mostly in transitional areas and preventive measures should be implemented to avoid possible disruption of stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will present and discuss the data extracted from a course of continuing education of teachers of the area of Natural Sciences, held at the Federal University of Pampa- Unipampa of the campus of Caçapava do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experience indicates the development of skills in the process of elaboration and problem solving that can be carried out in the course of immersion with teachers of the Natural Sciences areas and this is linked to the formation of a group of continuing teacher training, as well as justifies the need to establish a teaching group based on the study of Problem Solving in Science Teaching. The results show that the work developed facilitated the improvement of skills in teachers, as well as contributed to minimize the difficulties encountered in teaching practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper was to estimate an Input Output Matrix of the South Coast of Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil, to know the economic profile from the analysis indicators. The results of the income and employment multipliers indicated that the sectors with the greatest impact were: forest production, fishing and aquaculture; storage and mail; construction; trade; agriculture and forestry and road freight transport. In addition, key sectors of the region were considered based on the following indices: construction; other services; wood products - excluding furniture; water, sewage and waste management; manufacturing of chemicals, resins, elastomers and other transportation equipment. In general terms, activities related to forestry production, port activity and agribusiness are highly representative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper characterizes the scientific output of the state of Rio Grande do Sul in agricultural sciences as represented in the database Web of Science between 2000-2010. Based on the analysis of 6,617 indexed documents, using Bibexcel, we identified types of documents, languages and journals most frequently used by authors to disseminate their research. The annual production growth and a list of the most productive institutions are also presented. The results reveal that agricultural research in Rio Grande do Sul, indexed in the Web of Science, showed a strong growth, increasing from 179 articles in 2000 to 1,107 documents in 2010. Scientific papers accounted for 92% of the publications. English and Portuguese were the most used languages by the authors. As to the journals, 18 out of the 20 titles most used by researchers are published in Brazil. The journal Ciência Rural led the ranking of the most used journals, accounting 10% of total output during 2000-2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has stemmed from a research aiming at showing how curricula of Psychology courses in Rio Grande do Sul have shown signs of moving towards education of health professionals for SUS. This work has been developed from the analysis of the program of academic subjects, both highlighting and discussing the directions provided by programs, contents and bibliographies, having the principles and guidelines of SUS health policies as its axis. The paper has a special focus on the study of academic subjects that approach the contents of Psychological Assessment, Psychopathology, and Psychotherapy. To develop this discussion we analyzed the input of Psychology in the collective health area and the contributions of this to the construction of the new health policy through the academic formation. This discussion is pointed by the principal tool and theoretical concepts discussed in the collective health area, such as the broadening of the health concept, the principle of integration, the policy of humanization and the comprehensive care perspective in the health care. From the analysis, we have pointed out the need for problematizing the construction of the psychologist subject, a health professional that has been produced by Psychology courses, as well as the effects that might be felt in the daily routine of health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a theoretical and empirical entanglement between the Strategic Management of People, diversity and sustainability, visualized by the perception of organizational climate and the style of employee commitment Agricultural Cooperative Joint Palma Nova (CAMNPAL) / RS. The research was characterized as exploratory and descriptive, with quantitative analysis. The participants were 158 employees of the Cooperative and the data were collected directly in the workplace through a structured questionnaire. The results showed that there is a level of satisfaction and commitment on top of the organization being interviewed with the predominant style of normative commitment, followed by affective. The diversity of perceptions about the climate and the impairment occurred most intensely in groups by gender and income, with respect to the entanglement between the Strategic Management of People, diversity and sustainability, it was possible to conclude that organizational strategies need to turn to better preparation of the leaders on the strategic vision and sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Borer moth Crocidosema aporema (Walshingham J9/4) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a potentially harmful species to the soybean crops, particularly in the areas of temperate weather, like those in the southernmost section of Rio Grande do Sul State. Level of damage caused on the late crops of the season is influenced by sowing time and varies according to the genotype. Currently the available information in Brazil pertinent to the variaton on C. aporema onslaught on commercial genotypes is scarce. This paper evaluated the damage provoked on late-season crops upon eighteen soybean commercial genotypes, compared in two groups according to relative maturity degree (RMD), in the V.4, V.6, V.8, V.10, R.2 and R.4 phenological states, during the agricultural year 2009/ 2010, in the Campanha Region of Rio Grande do Sul. Significant differences on attack levels were found among the longer cycle genotypes, being the 'Fundacep 59' cultivar the least attacked in this group and 'Fepagro RS-IO' and 'Fundacep 45 - Missions' cultivars the genotypes presenting the highest damage to the crops. Level of damage varied differently according to the phenological stage for each genotype; there were cultivars suffering from highest attack levels during their vegetative stages and cultivars under heavier attack on reproductive stages. Monitoring of damage to the late-season crops identified only once, in the 'Fepagro RS-10' cultivar, the need for control adoption, when the level of 30% of attacked crops by C. aporema was reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the maintenance and conservation of riparian areas it is necessary to know the layer's of the forest, like the natural regeneration of. According to that, the porpoise of this paper is to characterize the natural regeneration of a riparian forest in the city of Jaguari, central region in Rio Grande do Sul, by describing the diversity, structural parameters of natural regeneration, dispersion syndromes and ecological groups. For the sampling were plotted systematically 15 samples with size 5 × 10 m. Inside the plots were identified and measured the trees with height (h) equal or greater than 1.5 m, and diameter at breast height (DBH) less than 10 cm. Were sampled 546 individuals from 16 families and 26 species. The family Myrtaceae presented the highest number of species (6 species) and the greatest percentage of trees (54.8%). The Shannon's index was equal to 2.21 nats.ind-1 and Pielou's index was equal to 0.68, indicating low diversity and an uniform distribution among the species. Eugenia uniflora L. was the most characteristic species of natural regeneration. We observed that there is a deficit of small-sized individuals (0,3 ≤ DAP < 1,3 cm; 1,5 ≤ h < 2,5 m). The zoochoryc syndrome was most expressive in natural regeneration, being the main form to spread diaspores on place. Most species were classified as initial secondary (50%) or pioneer (26.9%), indicating that the riparian vegetation is altered, this indicate that riparian vegetation is in phase of recuperation of antropic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflect son questions of teachers who attended a continuing education program that occurred in Rio Grande do Sul, offered by the Ministry of Education, in partnership with the Municipal Department of Education. This article presents the impressions that educators had at the beginning of the training so as to discurs and compare these impressions to the understandings expressed at the end of the course. In this period of training, sharing experiences and knowledge, allying theory and practice, questions and concerns were giving way to new perspectives to reevaluate and modify the teaching practice. It is important to say that literacy, seen as present in the whole teaching and learning processes, is, above all, to teach the student to speak, see, hear, read, write, calculate, among other skills. However, first, the teachers need to learn how to do it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This present paper discusses different practices of rural education in two regions of Rio Grande do Sul, the Region of Italian Colonization (RIC) and the Region of Campos de Cima da Serra (RCCS). Both are located in the Northeast of Rio Grande do Sul, but in the same period revealed striking differences in their teaching practices. With the objective of reconstructing a fragment of the History of Rural Education in Rio Grande do Sul from 1910 to 1940, the investigation uses the methodology of Oral History as well as two collections of memories, where testimonials by students and teachers from rural areas describe the strategies adopted in the rural environment to perform the schooling process. When comparing the two regions, the practices in the RCCS refer mostly to the form of schooling that I have called "Classes with teachers at home." In the case of the RIC, although public education was poor, it was through the implementation of so-called community schools that education took place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the treatment and coating of soybean seed using equipment with spray system Grazmec®. The experiment was carried out in the Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The treatments were: 1) control (without equipment), 2) fungicide, 3) amino acid, 4) polymer, 5) fungicide + amino acid, 6) fungicide + insecticide, 7) fungicide + polymer, 8) fungicide + insecticide + polymer, 9) fungicide + amino acid + insecticide, all applied with the equipment. To evaluate the experiment the moisture content determination, field emergence, index of emergency speed, weight of 1000 seeds and intensity of coverage was carried out. The results showed that soybean seed treated and/or coated didn't reach more than 1% with the treatment. The field emergence, index of emergency speed and weight of 1000 seeds weren't affected by treatment and/or coating by spray system. The use of the polymer improves the seed coating when the spray system was used. However the equipment should be regulated when there is change of the product and/or seed to obtain an appropriate coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article was the result of a lecture given at the Catholic-Lutheran Seminar on Ecumenical Ecclesiology, held in Sao Leopoldo, RS, coordinated by the Commission for Catholic-Lutheran Bilateral Dialogue of Brazil. The purpose of the paper is to show the self-understanding that the Roman Catholic Church, as is the usual terminology in ecumenical dialogue, has of itself, in order to promote a dialogue with the Church of Lutheran Confession in Brazil (IECLB). Thus, the route taken was to start with the approach to the Church's self-identity, passing through the major doctrinal points that express its identity, according to their Tradition and theological reflection, and then examine their relationship with social and religious pluralism. The author has, through a sincere and respectful language, permeated the major doctrinal points, in order to foster an ecumenical dialogue concerning Ecclesiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out in cattle ranches of the Campanha gaúcha region, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, this paper analyses the relationship between ranchers and the ranch hands working for them. Ranchers (in Portuguese patrões or estancieiros) and peões (the ranch hands) share certain characteristics regarding their economic choices and behaviour. Nevertheless, the cultural differences between them, as well as the distinct positions they occupy in the hierarchy of their relationship, imply irrevocably on strong differences. While the reproduction strategies of estancieiro families' social position are varied, peões face the unlikelihood of social ascension. These differences are more visible in certain elements of the peões' projects of resistance to the domination by their patrões. It is through these projects of resistance that this article will analyse the ambiguities and dynamics of this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has the objective to evaluate the influence of seed densities and sowing season in conventional soybean genotype and Roundup ReadyTM (RR), in the morphological characteristic of soybean plant. The experiments were conducted in Jari-RS, Brazil. The first seeding was done within the time prescribed for the crop(November), and the second, after the time indicated (January), with the cultivars 'CEP/CD 41', 'CD 201', 'Fundacep 39', 'Fundacep 44', 'CD 205', 'BRS 133', 'Fundacep 45', 'A 6001 RG', 'Mágica, AL72' and A '8100 RG', at densities of 250, 400 and 550 thousand seed seeds suitable ha-1 in the 2005/2006 harvest. The experiment design was randomized blocks with split plots, with four replications. The cultivars cycle, plant height, height of first pod insertion, number of branches plant-1, branches m-2, nodes' number of the main stem plant-1, nodes main stem m-2, biological yield (RB) and harvest index (IC). Sowing in January causes reduction in the crop cycle, plant height, height of first pod insertion, number of nodes plant-1 and RB and the increase in seed density not increased the height of first pod insertion in RR cultivars. The period cycle that is most affected by the delayed sowing is the vegetative. The IC sowing in November was lower, but the RB was larger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the factors affecting the implementation of a strategy within the hospital environment. Such strategy is the implementation of the Quick Response Team in hospitalization units, pursuing quality and safe services to the patient. The choice was based in the analysis of a strategy rendering positive results to the studied institution. A qualitative exploratory research was used, being a single case study within a private hospital located at Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In-Depth interviews and Causal Cognitive Maps were applied. The research results have shown that the differential factor determining the implementation success of the Quick Response Team was the human component. The studied process was also successful due to the confluence of multiple factors, which have become facilitators to assure such a success. As an academic contribution, the Cognitive Mapping brings an opportunity to better understanding the hierarchic levels when thinking about the strategy process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bargaining power of the unions and collective bargaining in the industry of the Rio Grande do Sul, 1979-1995. This paper analyses the relationship between bargaining outcomes in seventeen units regarding the manufacturing sector in Rio Grande do Sul, and change in the relevant economic environment from 1979 to 1995. Theories on the determinants of bargaining outcomes are discussed in order to provide a basis for hypothesizing about the specific case. Statistical outcomes suggest that collective bargaining have been basically influenced by unemployment, manufacturing relative prices, the stabilization policies starting in 1986, and, specifically for negotiated minimum wages, change in the official rates of minimum wages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the work done by media in the making of social representations upon the growing of genetically-modified (GM) crops and food in Rio Grande do Sul, showing its role in the increase of political polarization on this issue in the state. In order to demonstrate this, two events in the towns of Cachoeirinha and Não-Me-Toque are considered. The type of coverage given by the media to these events is apprehended to enable the observation of the local media role in the building of social representations concerning GM organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is little information on native species of hymenopteran parasitoids of fruit flies from the Neotropical region. Collections of guava (Psidium guajava L.) were conducted from January to March 2009 at the Experimental Area of Agroecological Production studies (AEEPA), Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul. Fruits were taken individually to the laboratory, counted, weighed and packaged in plastic pots containing moist sand and mesh on top. Weekly substrate was sieved, the pupae collected and placed in Petri dishes with filter paper moistened with distilled water. The pupae were placed in a room (26±2°C, 60±10% RH and 12h photophase) where observations were made weekly to check the emergence of adult flies or parasitoids and subsequent species identification. Trichopria anastrephae Lima was obtained from Anastrepha fraterculus in guavas, with a parasitism rate of 5.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]