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Background and Objectives: Given the fact that randomized controlled clinical trials are more valid than other research methods to determine the therapeutic effects of treatment, proper design and accurate reporting is of particular importance. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the quality of writing the title and abstract of randomized clinical trials of Iranian medical universities journals in 2016 using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, information gathering through internet search was limited to Persian language journals affiliated to the medical universities of the country. Based on the CONSORT checklist, which contains 18 questions, all randomly controlled clinical trials, consisting of 262 papers published in these magazines in 2016, were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: Only 34 (13%) of the articles refered to “randomized” word in the title of the article. Regarding the proportion of cases observed in the articles, based on the gender of the author, only two "mentioning the place of data collection" (p=0.009) and "mentioning clinical trial registration number" (p=0.020) and based on the scientific rank two cases, namely, “mentioning the full details of the responsible author” (p=0.002) and "mentioning the randomized method" (p=0.039) were significantly different. Conclusion: The need to follow CONSORT criteria and eliminate the deficiencies mentioned for conducting these studies in the country seems necessary. Therefore, it is recommended to the authors to use the CONSORT clinical checklist while writing randomized controlled clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many studies were conducted to evaluate the association between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and children obesity. The aim of this study was to review these studies. Methods: We searched the ISI and PubMed databases for studies that evaluated the association between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and obesity in children. At first, the studies containing the words "glycemic index", "glycemic load", "glycaemic index" or "glycaemic load" plus "child", "children", "young", "youth" or "adolescent" were selected. Among 1001 selected studies, articles were accepted if they had considered obesity or related factors as their main dependent variables. Findings: Twenty studies were included. Although the cross-sectional results were inconsistent, stronger studies had found a direct relation between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and children obesity. Cohort studies had shown positive, neutral and negative associations between these dietary factors and obesity in children. However, although most clinical trials had reported a positive effect of dietary glycemic index on childhood obesity, they had not shown the similar effect for glycemic load. Conclusion: There is not enough evidence for making a certain conclusion. Therefore, further studies in this field are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a prevalent phenomenon occurred in tumor cells in response to chemotherapy. The main cause of MDR is the efflux of drugs by ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) transporters. Since identifying the role of these proteins in resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, extensive researches have been started to find out methods to selectively overcome their effects. The purpose of this study was to review the methods used to conquer ABC transportersmediated MDR. Methods: Reviewing more than 70 basic and recently published articles, this paper is discussing the methods of defeating MDR. Findings: The first step to counteract the ABC transporters effects is using chemical inhibitors. Unpredictable cytotoxicity and side effects of these modulators may require more attentiveness in their clinical application. Another technique in this regard is the use of drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles and liposomes. This method can be employed along with sonication to improve the specificity. Down-regulation of ABC transporters expression by means of RNA interference system is another method to overcome MDR. siRNA and shRNA are utilized in this system and are introduced into the cells by various carriers such as viral vectors, lipid carriers and chemical polymers. Destruction of mRNA is the aim of this method. Conclusion: Despite great advances in overcoming ABC transporters-mediated MDR, most of the techniques are in preclinical and early stages of clinical trials and await more delineation for becoming clinically applicable. Two main reasons for this slow progress are wide range of substrate specificity as well as the tissue distribution of ABC transporters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Hypothermia after birth has serious complications and conventional methods for warming of preterm newborns are not always helpful. New guideline for neonatal resuscitation program recommended wrapping of premature newborns in polyethylene bags. But controversies exist regarding different transparent membranes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ZipKif food grade plastic bag on prevention of hypothermia among ≤32 week neonates. Materials and methods: This was a randomized controlled trial of 40 neonates ≤ 32 weeks' gestational age who were assigned into two groups. The infants in experimental group were wrapped in ZipKif plastic bag immediately after birth while those in the control group were dried according to conventional method. Axillary temperatures were recorded for both groups in admission time and one hour later. Results: Mean axillary temperature in experimental group (36.58 ± 0.37) was significantly higher than that of the control group (35.56 ± 0.86) (P=0.000). Significant reductions were seen in the incidence of hypothermia and time of resuscitation among infants wrapped in ZipKif plastic bag (P=0.000 and P=0.017, respectively). Conclusion: Wrapping preterm neonates at birth time in ZipKif plastic bag is an effective and inexpensive method to prevent hypothermia which does not increase the risk of hyperthermia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]