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Background It is necessary to provide safe care for patients with acute and life-threatening conditions by nurses working in the emergency departments (EDs). These nurses need higher levels of independent performance. Therefore, the competency to provide safe care and having professional nursing autonomy in novice nurses working in the EDs are very important. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between professional nursing autonomy and safe nursing care in newly graduated nurses working in the EDs. Methods In this analytical cross-sectional study, the study population consists of all newly graduated nurses working in EDs of hospitals in Guilan, Iran. They all were included in the study using a census sampling method. The tools for collecting information were a demographic form, the assessment of safe nursing care questionnaire, and the professional nursing autonomy scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics (independent t-test, Spearman or Pearson correlation test, and linear regression analysis) were used to analyze the collected data. Results There was a significant relationship between professional nursing autonomy and safe nursing care; for every one unit increase in professional autonomy, the chance of providing safe nursing care increases by 0.133 (P=0.009). Conclusion The significant relationship of professional nursing autonomy with safe nursing care among the EDS nurses shows that if nurses have a greater control over their performance, decision-making ability, and autonomy to act based on patient safety, they can provide better quality care to patients. Therefore, empowering nurses by providing conditions to perform based on professional autonomy, can ultimately lead to better results for the patients and cause overall safety in the EDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused changes in daily life and disrupted hospital performance and the provision of medical services, especially in the organ transplant departments. Objective This study aims to compare the frequency of organ donation and transplantation before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in the transplant centers of northern Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 donors with brain death from 2018 to 2021 in Rasht. Demographic data, underlying diseases, history of smoking and drug use, causes of brain death, type of donated organ, number of donated organs per patient, type of transplanted organ, and the location of transplantation (in or out of the province) were recorded. Then, these factors were compared between two time periods: Before the pandemic (from July 2018 to February 2020) and during the pandemic (from February 2020 to August 2021). The recorded data was analyzed in SPSS software, version 21. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The mean age of donors during the pandemic was significantly higher than that of patients before the pandemic (P<0.001). The most common cause of brain death in donors before the pandemic was trauma; after the pandemic, cerebrovascular causes were more common (P=0.01). The frequency of organ donation and the mean number of donated organs per donor during the pandemic were significantly lower than before the pandemic (P<0.001). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has significant impact on the process of organ donation and transplantation in northern Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Emotional intelligence as the ability to understand emotions in self and others, is recognized as underlying success in various aspects. Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and sleep quality in female high school students. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 284 female high school students in Rasht in 2019- 2020, selected by cluster sampling. Demographic, the Bar-On emotional intelligence, and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) questionnaires were completed online by the participants. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS statistics software, version 22 using Spearman’s correlation coefficient and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results The Mean age of participants was 13.94±0.95 years, and the mean previous grade point average (GPA) of participants was 19.61±0.89. The Mean total score of students’ emotional intelligence and sleep quality were 334.95±42.82 and 4.71±3.20, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between the total score of emotional intelligence and sleep quality (r=-0.427 and P<0.001). Also, 31% of the subjects had poor sleep quality (95% CI, 25.7%-36.6%), and the multiple logistic regression showed an inverse relationship between poor sleep quality and emotional intelligence score (OR=0.98, P<0.001). There was no association between demographic variables and sleep quality (P>0.05). Conclusion About a third of female students had poor sleep quality. There was a significant relationship between sleep quality and emotional intelligence. Therefore, poor sleep quality was associated with lower emotional intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

bodily health of people. Objective This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy (EFT) on perceived stress and alexithymia in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group in 2019 on 30 patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease who were referred to Dr. Heshmat Hospital in Rasht City, Iran. The patients were selected by simple random sampling and assigned to 2 groups of 15, including an experimental group and a control group. The assessment tools included the 14-item perceived stress scale (PSS-14) and the 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20), which were completed before and after the intervention. The experimental group received EFT in eight 90-min sessions for two months. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of covariance and the Bonferroni post hoc test. Results There was a significant difference between the experimental group that underwent EFT and the control group that did not receive any treatment (F2, 25= 170.5, P<0.001, η² P =0.932). Meanwhile, according to the adjusted means, this difference indicates the effectiveness of EFT. Conclusion EFT training can play an important role as an adjunctive and psychological treatment along with drug intervention in reducing the perceived stress and alexithymia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding protects infants from diseases in the first 6-months of life. Awareness and attitude affect breastfeeding performance.This study assessed maternal awareness and attitude toward breastfeeding in Alzahra Hospital, a baby friendly, in Rasht, Iran. Objectives: To determine knowledge and attitudes of mothers on various aspects of breastfeeding and factors related to them among mothers under postpartum, Alzahra educational, medical and research center. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 post-natal mothers. It was done by sampling and simple random in post-partom unit of Alzahra Hospital, Rasht. A questionnaire consisting of 3 main parts; demographic information, knowledge and attitude, was used in the study. Attitude and knowledge scores were also calculated. Data were analyzed by Man-Whitney, Kurskal-Wallis and Spearman Correlation Coefficient tests, using SPSS-software in version21. Results: In this study, 32.6% had good levels of knowledge about breastfeeding and majority of them (39.1%) had an average knowledge. All of mothers had positive attitude, but 20.3% of mothers had more positive attitude and most of individuals (67.2%) were in the intermediate state and the rest had a more negative attitude. In the multivariate analysis in the regression logestic model attitude status (P<0.0001), experience of breastfeeding(P=0.006), breastfeeding training (P=0.004), income (P=0.03) and mother’s job (P=0.001) were anticipating factors of high knowledge, and the status of knowledge(P=0.043), mothers’education(P=0.004), natural delivery compared to cesarean section (P=0.008), type of infant’s feeding (P=0.0001) were anticipating factors related to positive attitude status. Also, a significant poor positive relationship was found between age and the score of knowledge (r=0.158, P=0.002) and attitude (r=0.128, P=0.062). Conclusion: A significant number of mothers had moderate knowledge about breastfeeding, which necessitates intervention programming, especially for mothers with low levels of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Today, hospitals are faced with severe constraints on financial resources and a large amount of hospital fees are not reimbursed annually by health insurances leading to irreparable financial damages to hospitals. So knowledge of the reasons responsible for such conditions is essential. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate and causes of deductions for social insurance and health insurance applications in a rasht educational hospital. Objective: Exploring the rate and causes of the deduction by health insurance and social security insurance in an educational hospital in rasht. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross section one conducted on one of the educational hospitals affiliated with Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Social insurance deductions reported for 2017 were organized by referring to the unit of income with differentiating the type of fraction by determining the minimum and maximum deductions and its relationship with different months of the year as comparative tables The resulting data were analyzed through descriptive statistical methods, using the SPSS software, version 16. Results: The most deductible applied to social insurance policies with a total of 19,030,679,568 Rials were related to counseling, visit and surgeon, with a total of 38,597,297,828 Rials being related to counseling, visit and pathology in health insurance. Conclusion: The highest deductions were due to the lack of documentation by personel due to lake of knowledge. Therefore, in order to reduce deductions, the use of a multilateral mechanism, including the formulation of policies on the use of clinical guidelines, the training of doctors and contracting with the doctors who have the most cooperation in this field are recommended.At the same time, continuous explanation and implementation of these activities in the hospital organizing a committee is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Due to weakness of self-care during pregnancy, adverse pregnancy outcomes including abortion, stillbirth, premature birth, etc may occur. Individual and social factors affect self-care of pregnancy Objective: Use of path analysis method to determine predictors of pregnancy self-care based on combination of health belief model and social support. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive analytical study conducted on 215 pregnant women living in Baluchistan region , Iran. Two-stage cluster sampling was performed. Data collection tool was questionnaire of integrated model ( HBM and social support constructs). To analyze the data, SPSS version 18 statistical indicators and descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and linear regression. Results: Self-efficacy, perceived severity and sensitivity were found to be directly effective on self-care. Also, social support had indirect effects on self-care through an effect on self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility and severity. Social support was identified as the strongest predictor of self-care of pregnancy (46/6%). A significant correlation was found between susceptibility and self-care (0.598), severity and self-care (0.726), benefits and self-care (0.348), self-efficacy and self-care (0.824) and social support(0.745) with self-care(p<0.05). An inverse association was observed between perceived barriers and self-care(p <0.05, r=-0.685). Conclusion: Integrated Model (HBM and social support structures) with an emphasis on social support and self efficacy can be used as a framework for designing educational interventions to promote self-care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In recent years, investigations on various species of the genus Centaurea have shown that its extract or secondary metabolites has various pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, antinociception, Cytotoxic and etc. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the antinociception, and anti-inflammatory effects of Ethyl acetate fraction of fruit plants Badavard (Centaurea bruguierana ssp.blangerana) on male rats. Materials and Methods: Different parts of the plant Badavrd were collected from Bushehr, then, powdered and solved by ethanol and then, Ethanol extract was Fractioned. Antinociceptive effects of ethyl acetate fraction was examined by formalin test and tail immersion test and anti-inflammatory effects of xylene test in male rats of NMRI. The rats were divided into 6 groups of 8, including negative control, positive control, and 4 experimental groups. Experimental groups were injected intraperitoneally by 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of Ethyl acetate fraction. Normal data were analyzed using Anova and post hoc TUKEY test and non-normal data, were analyzed using Kolmogrov-smirnov and Mann-whitney test. Results: In the formalin test, ethylacetate fraction showed a significant difference (P< 001) in the control group at all doses. The hot water tail immersion test, ethylacetate fraction at dose 100 at times t0, t1, t2 indicated significant differences (P<0.0) and at time t3 showed significant differences (P<0.01), at doses 200 and800 at time t0 significant differences (P<0.01 ) and s at times t1, t2, t3 significant differences (P<0.001) in the control group at all doses, at dose 400 at times t0,t1 significant differences (P<0.05) were observed and at times t3, t4 significant differences (P<0.05) in the control group .at all doses were seen Test, xylene, ethyl acetate fraction showed a significant difference (P<0.01) or the control group at all doses. Naloxone inhibited the antinociceptive effects of ethyl acetate fraction in the acute phase, but had no effect on chronic phase. Conclusions: Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of ethyl acetate fraction can be attributed to the Sesquiterpenelacton and flavonoids. These compounds relieve nociception and inflammation by inhibition of inflammatory mediators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cerebrovascular disease is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Data on epidemiology of stroke, its pattern and risk factors, are scarce. Seasonal variation in the incidence of stroke and role of meteorological factors in its occurrence, have been investigated in several studies. These studies show that there were different patterns in stroke incidence across different areas. Objective: To investigate the seasonal pattern of stroke incidence and the association between daily stroke occurrences and meteorological factors among the patients admitted to the Poursina Hospital, northern Iran, in (2012). Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Poursina Hospital in Rasht. All the patients with acute onset of neurological symptoms during (2012), after performing imaging studies and confirmation of the diagnosis of stroke, were enrolled. Age, sex, history of diabetes and hypertension, and date of stroke occurrence were recorded for all patients. The number of stroke episodes, temperature and humidity were recorded on all days of the year. Distribution of stroke cases among seasons according to study variables, was analyzed using chi-square test. To compare the average number of strokes per day among different seasons, kruskal-wallis test was used. The relationship between the number of strokes per day and meteorological variables was analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: During the study period, 869 patients with diagnosis of stroke were admitted. Significant seasonal differences in the mean of ischemic stroke occurrence per day and mean of intracerebral hemorrhage occurrence per day, with peak rates in autumn, were observed. In the study of meteorological variables based on multiple linear regression with stepwise method, minimum temperature was inverse linear predictor of both overall stroke occurrence per day and ischemic stroke occurrence per day. For intracerebral hemorrhage occurrence per day, maximum temperature was inverse linear predictor and maximum humidity was direct linear predictor. Conclusion: This study suggests a seasonal pattern in the incidence of stroke and a possible role of meteorological factors in the incidence of stroke in this area. Attention to this seasonal pattern can be useful for medical centers to provide better services to their patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: One of the pillars of faith among Muslims is fasting. Many research studies on the effects of fasting on physiological variables have been performed. Also, a lot of research on the effects of yoga on psychosomatic illness has been conducted that shows the positive impact of yoga on the mind and body Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of yoga and a month of fasting on BMI and physiological variables in novice athletes. Materials and Methods: This study was quasi - experimental and was conducted in the field.Of the 60 subjects in this study, using a questionnaire, 20subjectswere selected that were in complete health and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group practices yoga regularly for four weeks, two sessions per week, and each session lasting 60 minutes that included sasana, Shavasana and was Pranayamy. The control group did not participate in a regular exercise program. This study was conducted in the month of Ramadan 1391( 2012), when both groups were fasting during the study period. The blood sampling and body mass index measuring in three phases, namely, a week before Ramadan, the fifteenth day of the month, and a week after Ramadan, were performed. Blood sampling was done in the month of Ramadan in the afternoon, 12 hours after dawn breakfast. Kalmograph-Smirnov test for normality of the data, independent T-test, analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test for analyzing assumptions, was used. Significance level was set at P<0/05. Results: Results show significant differences in the levels of high-density lipoprotein in different measures from the experimental group while, there was no significant change in the control group. Also, this study showed slow-density lipoprotein levels, blood cholesterol, blood sugarand triglyceride levels did not significantly change in any of the groups. Significant differences in BMI measures in the experimental groups were observed but no significant change in the control group was seen. Conclusion: This study showed that practicing yoga can be effective on weight control and balance during Ramadan and it can be used as a positive approach during fasting Conflict of interest: non declared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]