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Background: There is inadequate awareness about the effects anaerobic activity and vitamin supplementation on oxidative stress indices and cell membrane lipid peroxidation. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of supplementation with vitamins C and E on malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) after anaerobic activity in teenage water polo players. Methods: In this semi-experimental, double-blind research, 16 water polo players with at least two years of professional experience were selected (mean age: 15.00 ± 0.06 years, mean height: 162.00 ± 0.08 cm, mean weight: 58.0 ± 7.1 kg). They were randomized to placebo and supplement groups to receive either dextrose (400 IU with 250 ml water) or a combination of vitamin E (200 IU) and vitamin C (400 mg) for 14 days. At baseline and on day 15, blood samples were collected before and immediately and 30 minutes after the participants had performed 100m freestyle swimming with maximum speed. Differences between groups were analyzed using combined analysis of variance in SPSS18. The level of significance was considered as 0.05. Findings: Supplementation significantly decreased level of MDA and activity of GPX, CAT, and SOD. In addition, TAC was increased in the supplement group. Conclusion: Supplementation with vitamins C and E supplementation clearly increases TAC against oxidative stress. It can thus reduce the degenerative effects of oxidants on cell membrane and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]