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With the development of geospatial information science and technology and applications in numerous areas, cartography and geospatial information education is becoming increasingly more important in training graduates equipped with new capacities. Cartography and geospatial information education are crucial to cartography and geospatial information science, as a discipline and a profession. The contents have always gradually been changing, as well as corresponding effective approaches to deliver sustainable and resilient education. In the new normal era of post COVID-19, summaries and reflections on the progress of available practices and theories can support better design of effective and quality education. In this paper, the conference papers and abstracts on educational topics published in the last 10 International Cartography Conferences are used to trace the path that educators in cartography and geospatial information have gone through. Bibliometric analysis is conducted on educational topics, authors, and regions. A domain term knowledge map is drawn showing that the number of publications on education in the International Cartography Conferences has been increasing. The geographic distribution of authors is very concentrated, with authors from European countries contributing about 50% of the publications and those from the top ten countries contributing 60%. Works in many other regions are less reported. The research topics are mainly focused on undergraduate and graduate education in geographic information systems, secondary education, education atlas, learning theories, learning environmental design, online education, etc. Pedagogies and experience of distance learning and online education in the last 20 years have been well applied. However best practices of online and distance education are rarely reported to support effective new normal education in the context of COVID-19 pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a proposal is presented on how cartographers can ensure and/or enhance the trustworthiness of maps. Maps, like all other means of communication, are a result of many decisions. Many of those decisions allow for several options. Default, clear or good practices, guidelines or recommendations do not always exist for which option to choose. It is rather a characteristic of cartography that individual decisions can be made, especially on data preparation, selection, and design aspects. Because every map is a result of many decisions, trust in maps depends on those decisions being reasonable, not questioned, transparently accessible or underpinned by reliable decision makers (reliable in terms of their record as an institution, because of their reputation, because of their competence). The advent of easy-to-use map making software and data handling instruments put some of those decisions in the hands of "everyone", as well as in the hands of many who might have an interest in using maps as instruments of communicating a specific agenda. This is like other means of communication and has led to a rising discussion on "fake news", "fake media" and "fake maps", thus ultimately how we can trust the communicated information and how we can distinguish "fake" from 'trustworthy" maps. Therefore, in this paper a proposal is presented on how cartographers can ensure and/or enhance the trustworthiness of maps. This is done by introducing two concepts of "going deep", allowing for transparency of cartographic decisions and "going wide", allowing for contextualizing a given map by being able to access alternative maps of the same topic. This proposal adds to the existing attempts to contribute to an ethical framework for map making, such as the Locus Charter or the Code of Ethics of the British Cartographic Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ghana is a country exceptionally rich in geologic mineral resources with contrasting topographic relief and varied geophysical setting. This paper evaluated the geological and geophysical setting of Ghana with a special focus on the impact of the geologic setting and topography on gravity. Specifically, it assessed how variations in geology, topography, landscapes and the environment control the geophysical parameters and how these vary among the major regions of the country - the Volta Basin, Northern Plains, Ashanti-Kwahu (Kumasi) and Coastal Plains in the Accra surroundings. Previous studies utilizing traditional Geographic Information System (GIS) approaches have documented the geologic evolution of Ghana evolved as a part of the West African Craton. As a contribution to the existing research, this paper presents a regional analysis of Ghana by integrated mapping of geology, geophysics and topography of the country. The technical approach of this research focuses on utilizing the console-based scripting cartographic toolset Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) integrated with QGIS for processing and mapping the datasets: General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO), Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM-2008), gravity grids. The theoretical background is based on the geologic research of West Africa supported by high-resolution data. The paper defines a conceptual cartographic framework for integrated geologic and geophysical visualization in a regionalscale mapping project on Ghana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnic maps have regained importance and are again frequently published, due to an increase in ethnic consciousness, many ethnic conflicts and the attempts of young states particularly in eastern Europe to present themselves as nation states by ethnic maps. Questions of their methodology, of how suitable individual ethno-cartographic methods are to depict certain ethnic structures and whether they are applied correctly or not are therefore on the agenda of cartography as a formal science. This paper investigates the suitability of the main ethno-cartographic methods (areal method, dot spread method, diagram method) to render certain ethnic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper, based on three maps of the Croatian lands by Stjepan Glavac, Pierre Duval and Johann Christoph Weigl, is to show or rather prove the presence of propaganda messages in cartography as a scientific discipline. The maps were chosen because in research conducted to date, no propaganda elements conveying hidden messages in the area they depict have been identified. The maps reveal elements of propaganda which will be critically interpreted. In the conclusion, a short review of the paper is presented with all the maps and a personal opinion about the maps as propaganda media of that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heritage landscapes located in the vicinity of the cities constitute complex territorial palimpsests. The landscape projects in these areas aim, among other aspects, to improve its heritage intelligibility by recognizing the relational nature of the landscape, developing integration mechanisms that allow a structured heritage interpretation of the territory. This paper presents a methodology to address this goal based on techniques of graphic analysis and expression. Specifically, a method is proposed for the definition of tourist-heritage routes that combines a descriptive-analytical phase, supported by advanced spatial analysis techniques, with a second experimental step. The combination of objective parameters and experiences of a subjective nature defines a methodological line that tries to face the intrinsic complexity of the peri-urban landscape. The method has been applied in the territorial area located at the northwest of the city of Seville. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the first half of the twentieth century, Greater Buenos Aires underwent a process of extensive urban land production and expansion. Accompanying the above there was the work of a group of surveyors of suburban land in a scenario of a booming real estate market. This paper introduces the cartographies of Maximo Randrup (1880-1954).Those draw our attention to a growing market of commercial urban cartographies while triggering some questions about which and how urban growth is shown in contrast with official maps. First approaches to the subject account for images which represent a continuum of urbanized territory, incorporating street network patterns from subdivisions and developments which had not yet crystallized in those years, and which could not be corroborated even decades later, from the newer cartographies. What is observed is that some of those developments drawn on paper never really unfolded in the territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ivan Klobučarić was one of the most important Croatian cartographers at the turn of the 17th century. In 1579 he produced a panorama of Rijeka which is kept in the War Archives (Kriegsarchitf in Vienna. The Styrian Provincial Archives (Steiermarkische Landesarchiv) in Graz houses a map of the Bay of Rijeka with a panorama of the city dated 1586, attributed to Klobučarić. His cartographic legacy created between 1601 and 1605 can be found in the Clobucciarich - Skizzen collection. It comprises 108 sheets. Most are double-sided. Some pages show two or more items, so that the entire collection includes around 500 cartographic depictions. In terms of western Croatia, there are about twenty. This paper provides a list of the contents of Klobučarić's cartographic depictions relating to the area of Croatia. A sketch of the Kvarner Littoral from Rijeka to Sveti Juraj with the mainland hinterland is described, with a map of parts of Croatia from Rijeka to Omiš with the mainland hinterland. An analysis was conducted of the contents of the parts of the sketch and map showing the Kvarner Littoral, comparing the representation of settlements showed and those omitted, with toponyms on the map and those shown on earlier maps of the Kvarner Littoral. The paper indicates errors in previous works about Klobučarić's life, work and cartographic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of the high mortality rate, in comparison with countries with similar living standards, is extremely urgent in Russia. It is especially noticeable at the regional level, where differences in mortality and its structure are enormous. The regions of Russia are at different stages of epidemiological transition. This is expressed in differences in their mortality rates and differences in the structure of causes of death. The regions and largest cities of the country are sometimes diverge radically, which greatly complicates research. This paper presents a typology of regions and large cities of the Russian Federation according to the main classes of causes of death in 2015 and its cartography. The spatial features of mortality according to the main causes of death are determined separately for men and women. The assessment was carried out using classification by demographic indicators (causes of mortality: some infectious and parasitic diseases; tumours; diseases of the circulatory system; respiratory diseases; diseases of the digestive system; external causes of death). The dataset included 250 territorial units: 85 regions (including cities of federal significance) and 165 large cities with populations of over 100,000. Based on the primary statistics, standardised mortality rates were calculated. The classification was carried out according to an algorithm developed by one of the authors. The classification presented allows us to highlight the specific characteristics of individual groups of regions and analyse them with a greater degree of accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this expert paper is to show development in the area of cartography in chronological order from the time when Albania first appeared on maps by well-known Venetian cartographers (with toponyms in Albanian). An overview of various topographic maps and maritime charts is presented, along with the relevant local and international institutions whose main activities were cartography and geoinformation during different periods. An expert opinion is expressed on the current state of cartographic and geoinformation data as a scientific discipline, with a special emphasis on alignment with international standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text paper shows refers to the postdoctoral internship that had as its goal the analysis of how Geography teachers from Childhood to Higher Education deal with the map as cartographic language in their classes in Madrid (Spain) and in Goiânia (Brazil), from the perspective of contributing to the geographic education. With that purpose in mind, interviews were conducted with a reduced group of working teachers from different scholar levels. As a result, it was noticed that the map has been valued in these teachers' Geography classes, however, mainly from the perspective of the spatial thought by Spanish teachers, whereas Brazilian teachers link the map to daily readings and practices. Yet, as these teachers' academic training was heavily tied to Cartography in an Euclidian perspective, the work with maps revealed itself greatly associated with the teaching of cartographic subjects. It is expected to identify similarities and differences between these teachers' practices with this study, as well as to better guide the work with the cartographic language in Geography classes using the obtained analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contains the analysis of maps and textual geographical descriptions (pilot) of the Zadar maritime zone from the work Kitâb-ı Bahriye (Book of Navigation) by Pîrî Reis, an Ottoman seafarer, pirate and later admiral. Comparative analysis was made of several examples of that navigational manual from Istanbul sources known to date and also from a lesser-known example from The Walters Art Museum in Baltimore. The objective was to compare the information obtained by the Ottomans regarding wide Zadar area based on the secretive work of a foreigner from ranksof the enemy, Pîrî Reis, with that shown in the works of his contemporary Venetian cartographers, his'hosts' on the eastern Adriatic coast. Providing either the historical-cartographical or imagologicalgeographical perspective, the research reveals that Pîrî Reis managed to balance the demand for production of high quality navigation and geographical materials with his position as a foreigner on the east Adria. Cartographic and narrative images of the Zadar maritime zone by Pîrî Reis represent a reflection of the scope and possibilities of Ottoman cartography, enabling its reappraisal. The reason lies in the fact that the quality of the cartographic and narrative output of Pîrî Reis was not achieved in the navigational manuals of that time. The toponyms employed indicate that Pîrî Reis used other accessible sources, for example, navigation instructions, but he combined them with numerous observations of his own. Therefore, his work represents a totally original description of the Zadar maritime zone which, due to a lot of new information it contains, provides completely new scholarly cognisance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cartographic story applications are characterized by their ability to review tourist places with ease and flexibility as they help in the revitalization and development of the tourism sector. In this paper, the cartographic story was applied to tourist places in Shaqra Governorate located in the northwestern part of the Riyadh region in the center of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Due to the lack of scientific studies of the tourist places of Shaqra Governorate, which necessitated highlighting the tourism potentials for the purpose of developing, and introducing them to People. This study used the descriptive method in collecting metadata and spatial data, field work to build a database of tourist places and produce environmental, heritage, marketing, and recreational tourist maps of Shaqra Governorate. The study reviewed the theoretical side of the cartographic story, its elements, and examples of other applications on the Internet. The most important results of the study are the creation of a geographic database for the natural and human constituents of Shaqra Governorate to be used in the production of tourist maps in both the heritage, recreational and tourism aspects of the natural environment. In addition, this study showed ability of this application to amend and to add different images and media. One of the recommendations recommended by the study is to intensify geographical studies around the governorates of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with the aim of stimulating tourism easily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]