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Background and purpose. The problem of female aggression is becoming more relevant due to the growing numbers of female offenders, and lack of current research being conducted. The aim of this paper is to unfold the relationship between female aggression and the father complex. The goal was to identify dominant father complex problems and their features, to reveal manifestations of the father complex in everyday life. Material and method. To reach this aim, in-depth interviews, projective pictogram methods, and the H-T-P method were applied to a population of women incarcerated in Panevežys penitentiary. These methods enabled us not just to understand women's conscious position and attitude towards aggression, but also to capture an unconscious background of the aggressive behaviour. Results. According to the data, female aggressive behaviour is not linked to high levels of inner aggressiveness, but rather in response to unmet childhood needs. Aggressive behaviour can be understood in terms of defensive reactions, and extreme attempts to defend personal space. By analyzing in-depth assumptions of aggressive behaviour, it was determined, that the majority of inquired women identified with the father complex, which was developed under very traumatizing childhood conditions. Identification with the father complex results in significant impact on the problems of interpersonal relationships, emotional immaturity, infantile defensive mechanisms, weak Ego, inadequate self-image, and gender and sexual identity problems, which are prevalent in the inquired population. Conclusion. Aggressive behaviour is a complex phenomenon, which must be explored carefully and with integrity - combining multiple data analysis and implementing approaches both qualitative and quantitative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the background of affording social services in Lithuanian education institutions - quality and accessibility. Discussed the social services as states "support to families" model. The state by offering social services to children seeks not only to develop their capacities to overcome the difficulties, but also to change nowadays environmental conditions - to make them more favorable to the positive development. The strategy of social services includes not only children but also their parents, teachers, administration, school's community. Data of survey are properly presented and analyzed. The survey was conducted in districts of Klaipėda, Telšiai and Tauragė - in the target Counties of West Lithuania. By random sampling method were inter-viewed 330 parents, 240 teachers and 79 directors of educational institutes - 649 respondents in total. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this paper -- analysis of associations of emotional and behavioral problems of referred and non-referred children with family socio-demographic variables. For this purpose, we used data from clinical sample (N = 780) that consists from children placed for treatment to child psychiatry centers and mental health centers, and data from representative sample (referred children are excluded) (N = 3191). Worldwide known ASEBA instruments CBCL6/18 and YSR 11/18 were applied in this research to evaluate children' emotional and behavioral problems, also a questionnaire to collect data on socio-demographic variables about child and his family. We made comprehensive analysis of social, demographic, economic variables in relation to emotional and behavioral problems assessed by CBCL and YSR, also comparison between clinical and representative groups were made. Results show that gender was important variable influencing level of internal and external problems both in clinical and representative samples. Age was more important determinant in representative group. Children from incomplete families showed higher levels of emotional and behavioral disturbances (particularly, external). Children from clinical sample from incomplete families more often were receiving in-patient treatment rather than outpatient treatment. Better educational background (especially that of mothers) was important social factor determining lower levels of psychological problems in both clinical and representative samples. Family SES (income per person) negatively correlated with most CBCL and YSR scales scores, although there were no significant relations with Somatic Complaints and Rule Breaking Behavior scales. Prognostic power of socio-economic, demographic variables to predict child behavioral and emotional problems was assessed. In addition, revised norms for CBCL6/18, TRF6/18 and YSR11/18 are enclosed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]