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Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to verify effects of the team approach rehabilitation program on balance, gait, and muscle strength of lower extremities of elderly people with Parkinson’s disease. Method: Subjects of this paper were 40 elderly people with Parkinson’s disease, 20 control and experimental groups respectively, who could walk independently and were less than the 2.5 Hoehn &Yahr stage. The team approach rehabilitation program was applied to the experimental group for 12 weeks. Results: There was significant decrease in second at timed up &go test (p=.008), but no significant difference in reach length at functional reach test (p=.201) with partial improvement of balance. There was no significant difference in second at 10-meter walk test (p=.070), but showed tendency of improvement of gait. And number of times at 30s-chair stand test, indicating muscle strength on lower extremities, increased significantly (p=.029), Conclusion: The team approach rehabilitation program has demonstrated its effectiveness on improving balance, and muscle strength of lower extremities for the elderly with Parkinson’s disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to verify effects of the team approach rehabilitation program on balance, gait, and muscle strength of lower extremities of elderly people with Parkinson’s disease. Method: Subjects of this paper were 40 elderly people with Parkinson’s disease, 20 control and experimental groups respectively, who could walk independently and were less than the 2.5 Hoehn &Yahr stage. The team approach rehabilitation program was applied to the experimental group for 12 weeks. Results: There was significant decrease in second at timed up &go test (p=.008), but no significant difference in reach length at functional reach test (p=.201) with partial improvement of balance. There was no significant difference in second at 10-meter walk test (p=.070), but showed tendency of improvement of gait. And number of times at 30s-chair stand test, indicating muscle strength on lower extremities, increased significantly (p=.029), Conclusion: The team approach rehabilitation program has demonstrated its effectiveness on improving balance, and muscle strength of lower extremities for the elderly with Parkinson’s disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Navigation systems are currently being widely used in orthopedic surgery. The mechanical axis alignment can be judged accurately via a navigation system. High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a procedure that aims to change the mechanical axis of the lower limb, transferring the body weight across healthy articular cartilage. Several studies have shown that accurate correction is the leading predictor for success. And, by using a navigation system, accurate multiplane measurements of the lower limb alignment can be performed intraoperatively in real time, and alignment adjustments can be made as the surgeon desires. Compared with the conventional cable-method, computer navigation significantly improves the accuracy of postoperative leg axis, reduces correction variability with fewer outliers, and reduces radiation time. This paper reviews the advantages, clinical results, complications, pitfalls, and posterior tibial slope control in navigation guided open wedge HTO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The placebo effect, a response observed during the placebo arm of a clinical trial, is produced by the psychobiological action of the placebo as well as by other potential contributors to symptom amelioration such as spontaneous improvement, regression to the mean, biases, concurrent treatments, and study design. From a psychological viewpoint, there are many mechanisms that contribute to placebo effects, including expectations, conditioning, learning, and anxiety reduction. Placebo responses are also mediated by opioid and non-opioid mechanisms including dopamine, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and immune mediators. During recent years, a trend towards increased placebo effects in clinical trials of neuropsychiatric drugs has been noted. Indeed, the placebo effects observed in clinical trials constitute an increasing problem and interfere with signal-detection analyses of potential treatments. Several potential factors including protocol/study design and conduct related factors may account for the placebo effect observed in clinical trials. This paper reviews key issues related to this problem and aims to identify potential solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]