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The purpose of this paper is to explore the ethical foundation for resolving ethical issues arising from the biomedical big data analytics on emerging infectious diseases. To this end, this paper first compares the moral issues arising from the analysis of healthcare big data for emerging infectious diseases with the existing problem areas of biomedical ethics. We will discuss how existing bioethical debates, especially those dealing with the issue of individual autonomy, are inadequate to address the ethical issues of biomedical big data analytics for emerging infectious diseases, even though they have some relevance. Based on these discussions, I will present one approach to addressing the ethical issues of biomedical big data analytics for emerging infectious diseases, centered on L. Floridi’s notion of agents. This will provide an opportunity to expand the existing discussion of bioethics to include information ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This issue of Volume 34, Issue 1 contains 5 papers, 3 original articles, 2 review articles, and 0 case report. By subject, there were 0 papers on Aerospace Medicine, 5 on Aviation Human Factors, and 0 on Aviation Nursing. The first paper investigated the effect of self-management competence on social anxiety among students in an aviation program at a college, based on a survey of 90 students. Conducted with careful consideration of student anonymity, this study found that higher self-management competence are associated with lower social anxiety. The second paper explored the introduction of a pre-safety assessment and consulting system in the aviation industry, gathering and analyzing opinions from professionals through an online survey. The third study analyzed air traffic control threats and their impact, using data collected from Line Operations Safety Audits, and presented statistically significant findings. The fourth paper focused on fatigue management strategies for shift workers in air traffic control, reviewing related domestic and international laws and regulations and emphasizing the need for effective fatigue management. Lastly, the fifth paper discussed the characteristics of low-cost carriers and their ripple effects on the air transport market, examining both positive and negative aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how medicine, which has developed instrumental and methodological treatment processes, has situated the body within the context of disease through the doctor’s diagnostic procedure, and how such a body can be “saved” through the intervention of doctors and medical knowledge. As an alternative to medical practice, we would like to consider how it is incorporated into objective and data-oriented bodies while placed in normal or desirable “becoming”. Medical practice, tailored to generalized and standardized health standards aimed at “correcting” the patient’s body, often overlooks the individual characteristics of the patient and the context of their life. The dazzling development of digital technology is changing countless biotechnology and the landscape of life. The body can no longer remain at its natural level, and there is no need for it to do so. As the focus is on “saving” and “correcting,” the gap between the patient’s viewpoints and the doctor’s perspective, which seeks to achieve a “cure,” may gradually increase. Furthermore, with the primary focus on improving treatment success rates, the patient's body is reduced to data as they transition from the treatment room, where personal interaction is possible, to the examination and operating rooms. This transformation reflects a medical field that combines invasive procedures with treatment, striving to adhere to heightened standards of objectivity. The fact that the patient is alienated and helpless can easily be overlooked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the concept of the dynamic consent model and to provide a legal basis for applying this model to human subject research under Korean law. Dynamic consent is a consent model that gives study participants the opportunity to change the specifics of their consent or withdraw all or part of it, even after the initial consent. This study explains the understanding of dynamic consent, the background of its origin, its operational cases, and examines the positive and negative aspects of dynamic consent. In addition, the paper proposes amendments to the Bioethics and Safety Act necessary for the institutionalization of dynamic consent. The dynamic consent legislation proposed by this study could contribute to strengthening the ethics, transparency, and self-determination of participants in human subject research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global seed distribution market is rapidly transforming into a high-value-added seed market, with the production and distribution of processed seeds expanding, led by multinational seed companies. However, domestic seed companies still lack investment in seed processing, and the level of technology for processing distributed seeds is relatively low. The proportion of seeds processed and produced by seed companies must be increased to transform the domestic seed industry into an internationally competitive export industry. According to the results of a survey of 2,679 domestic companies by the National Seed and Variety Service (2021), the main business field of seed companies is seed production (1,192 companies), followed by seed sales (1,041 companies), nurseries (328 companies), and seed processing (35 companies). In conclusion, few companies conduct business in the field of seed processing. Accordingly, the government plans to build seed-processing facilities for joint utilization by seed companies to expand the supply of high-quality seeds from domestic seed companies. To this end, we investigated the seedprocessing status of major seed companies and conducted a demand survey for facilities and equipment in the seed-processing field. Details and operational plans for the establishment of a tentatively named ‘Seed Enterprise Joint Utilization Seed Processing Center,’ based on domestic companies' processing status and demands, are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air travel market has changed significantly by the emergence of a lowcost carrier (LCC). The LCCs offer lower fares and fewer frills than the traditional full service carriers (FSCs). The key competitive advantage of the LCCs is their ability to offer significantly lower fares, or at least to create the image of offering lower fares, while being able to generate profits by having low unit costs. LCCs have reshaped the competitive environment within air travel markets and have made significant impacts in the domestic passenger markets, which had previously been largely controlled by FSCs. The new demand for air travel experience through the low fares of low-cost airlines increases the likelihood of choosing not only low-cost airlines but also existing large airlines when choosing air travel. This generally equates to the intention of customers to move to more advanced products as their experience with new products increases. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to theoretically discuss the operating characteristics and market ripple effects of low-cost airlines, and to explore the theoretical implications of existing papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lupus panniculitis is a rare disease that may present with similar clinical manifestations to an infection, such as cellulitis or abscess. This paper reports a case of a 25-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus who underwent surgical intervention initially with the suspicion of an abscess but who was eventually diagnosed with lupus panniculitis. Despite the low incidence of lower leg involvement of panniculitis, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of an etiology other than infection when encountering patients with inflammatory diseases. Moreover, a skin biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging with a diffusion-weight image may be helpful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several types of soft tissue masses occur in the lower extremities. A mass associated with blood vessels is often difficult to diagnose. A 15-year-old male patient visited the author's hospital with discomfort and edema in his right calf that had persisted for six months. A physical examination showed no palpable mass other than mild edema. Three masses were found during the ultrasound scan along the small saphenous vein. The masses had a cyst-like appearance and were filled with thrombus. In duplex ultrasound, vascular reflux was represented inside the masses. During surgery, it was suspected that vascular deformation occurred in the small saphenous vein, and simple ligation and resection treatments were performed. The patient was finally diagnosed with venous aneurysms accompanied by thrombosis based on the histology tests. The symptoms disappeared after surgery, and there were no recurrences or unusual findings at the follow-up one year later. Venous aneurysms occurring in the superficial veins of the lower extremities are rarely reported, but treatment and diagnosis are important. This paper reports a case of an aneurysm on the small saphenous vein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronoid process of the ulna surrounds the distal humerus and plays a vital role in posterior dislocation and posterolateral rotational instability. Elbow stability may not be possible if there is a more than 50% loss. Anteromedial facet fractures can lead to instability, radioulnar synostosis. ulnohumeral arthrosis, severe stiffness. Therefore, surgical fixation is required to ensure adequate elbow stability and decrease the risk of posttraumatic ulnohumeral arthrosis. There are several approaches for the repair of coronoid process fractures. In most cases, the posterior approach was used to make a transosseous tunnel connecting the posterior aspect of the olecranon to fix the fracture site. During surgery, the additional dissection required to repair the coronoid might increase the infection risk, nerve injury, heterotopic ossification, and elbow stiffness. The author performed a modified suture lasso and plate fixation with good outcomes. This paper reports this case with a review of the relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interlocking intramedullary nail is the most popular device for managing tibial shaft fractures. Interlocking screws should be inserted to prevent rotation at the fracture site, but inserting distal interlocking screws by free hand technique requires time and skill. The Brooker-Wills tibial nail was designed to stretch out distal metal fins after settling the nail in position. On the other hand, Brooker-Wills nails should be removed for reasons such as chronic osteomyelitis, and folding the distal metal fins is necessary. Nevertheless, many problems arise in this process. Usually, the removal of Brooker-Wills tibial nails is not attempted because of this trouble. The authors tried a new method and could fold the fins successfully in a 30-year-old Brooker-Wills tibial nail, which had to be removed to cure a chronic osteomyelitis around the nail. This paper reports the case of a 72-year-old male with a review of the relevant literature to suggest a useful method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease and is currently a global pandemic. The disease presents mainly with respiratory symptoms, but a broad spectrum of extrapulmonary complications have also been reported in the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Peripheral nerve injury associated with COVID-19 infections can be caused by direct viral invasion or secondary immune response to neural tissue with the same receptors as alveoli, but its clinical course is poorly understood. Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome is a pure motor neuropathy that causes paralysis of the flexor pollicis longus, the flexor digitorum profundus of the index finger, and the pronator quadratus muscles. The cause of this syndrome is not clearly understood, but may be related to viral infection, autoimmune response, or vaccination. This paper reported a case of partial recovery with conservative treatment in acute anterior interosseous nerve syndrome following COVID-19 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modified Phemister technique, which fixes the acromioclavicular joint with a k-wire and fixes the coronoid process and clavicle with a sling, has often been used as surgical treatment for dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint. This technique has the advantage of allowing early rehabilitation exercises with accurate anatomical reduction and firm fixation. On the other hand, some complications have been reported, such as infection, deformation recurrence, fixation complications, erosion of the distal clavicle or fracture of the sling, and secondary arthritis. This study presents a patient who experienced shoulder pain and functional impairment after conservative treatment for a sling area insufficiency fracture that arose from using the modified Phemister technique. Locking screw plate fixation with tricortical iliac bone grafting and matchstick-shaped cancellous bone grafting were used, and successful outcomes were achieved. This paper reports this case with a review of the relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intramedullary nail is the standard surgical treatment for atypical femoral fractures. On the other hand, atypical femoral fractures usually have severe bowing of the femur and a narrow intramedullary canal, making surgery difficult. Although the bone union rate is relatively high at 85%–98%, the healing period is longer than typical femoral fractures. Atypical femoral fracture has higher functional recovery after surgery than proximal femoral fragility fractures because it occurs in a relatively active elderly population. Recently, periprosthetic atypical femoral fractures have also been reported, but the outcomes of surgical treatment are yet to be satisfactory. Complications after surgery include nonunion, peri-implant fractures, and contralateral atypical femoral fractures. To prevent these complications, a stable implant should be used to fix the entire length from the femoral head to the lower part of the femur, accurate fracture reduction should be obtained, and the correction of lower extremity alignment can be helpful if there is severe anterolateral bowing. In addition, periodic follow-up is necessary to consider the possibility of contralateral atypical femoral fracture. The authors of this paper aim to analyze the results, complications, and reoperations after the surgical treatment of atypical femoral fractures based on previously published studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on a study of the ancient Egyptian papyrus text (Berlin 3024), “Conversation between a man weary of life and his soul-bar,” especially as translated and interpreted by H. Jacobsohn. The text was written approximately four thousand years ago and is believed to have been written in the period of turmoil before the collapse of the Old Kingdom and the beginning of the Middle Kingdom. As the absolute power of the pharaoh waned, so did the belief that one could rely on it for eternal life, and the Egyptians of that time began to be more concerned with their own internal lives than with the external world. In this story, the “life-weary” man experiences a mental crisis and even suicidal thoughts, but as he works through the crisis with his spirit, Ba, in the ancient Egyptian community, he discovers his internal world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]