Search

A literature review supports the notion that suicide rates are linked to the availability of lethal means. In terms of public health, prevention is therefore linked to the restriction of readily available means of suicide. If the means of suicide were less available, then suicidal persons would be less able to make lethal impulsive suicide attempts. For example, there is evidence of the effectiveness of installing a safety net at bridges which are notoriously hot spots for suicides. Evidence shows that removing safety barriers may lead to an increase in suicides from the site, and their reinstallation eliminates suicides with no apparent substitution of other sites. Other efforts to reduce pesticide suicide focus on removing the most toxic pesticides from sale, restricting access to pesticides by using locked storage boxes, improving access to emergency treatment and health care, educating about help-seeking, and providing crisis support in rural areas. Studies reported the usefulness of removing the charcoal from open shelves, so that customers need to ask a shop assistant to obtain charcoal for purchase; programs aimed at restricting charcoal in supermarkets and convenience stores have preliminary led to reducing charcoal-burning suicides. It is easier to swallow a significant amount of pills directly from the bottle than to swallow the pills one by one from the blister; therefore, the introduction of blisters led to a great reduction in deaths due to paracetamol overdose and decreased suicide attempts by this method. Other similar approaches are believed to significantly contribute to suicide prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The failure of displacement to other suicide methods by reducing some opportunities is examined, particularly regarding the detoxification of domestic gas in England and the obstacles to jumping from the Golden Gate Bridge of San Francisco. Failure of displacement seems to characterize also other behaviors such as gambling, addictions, and crime. The displacement hypothesis is linked to the fundamental error of attribution that privileges the attention given to dispositional over situational aspects. Biases related to this attribution error are examined, such as the lack of stability and coherence of dispositional aspects in time and in different situations, the lack of coherence between attitudes and behaviors, and the errors that dispositional approaches induce in the prediction of behaviors with the variation of the situations. These biases question the traditional concept of personality and its role in symptom formation and behavioral prediction, and the traditional psychological models according to which behaviors are always a consequence of personal attitudes. The role of situational aspects, especially of the so-called "channels", has important preventive and therapeutic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through analysis of Ter. An. 606, this paper contributes to the discussion of Terence's approach to his Greek models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the different aspects of suicidal phenomenon are considered, the aim of the Scientific Community to reach an univocal definition of the topic is become more difficult. In fact, from a general analysis of the literature, it emerges that the studies of the Authors (O'Carroll 1996; Silverman 2006, 2007; De Leo 2004, 2006), who try to go deep in the suicide topic, don't show a common definition of suicide and his aspects and lead to discordant and unclear nomenclatures As stated from World Health Organization (OMS) there is an on-going evolution of the terminology, used to describe suicide related phenomena (OMS 2014), also considering epidemiological studies of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts it is underlined that literature data are often uneven, because of the different definitions of suicidal behaviors and to the temporal range considered (Meneghel et al. 2004). The present work has the aim to review the main definition of suicidal phenomenon in literature, with the goal to propose more accurate and univocal definitions. We think that a more clear and unanimous nomenclature may help clinicians in the assessment and consequently in suicide prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: the number of suicides committed by young people is increasing worldwide and official statistics tend to underestimate the phenomenon. Method: rhe research aims at identifying adolescents at risk in relation to their attitudes towards death and suicide and at relating them to mental health problems. 2312 adolescents from Lombardia aged 14 to 19 completed the Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency Scale (Osman 1993), and the Youth Self-Report (Achenbach 2001). We performed linear correlations, chi-squeare analysis and analyses of variance on the mean scores (ANOVA). Results: 7% of the sample showed problematic attitudes towards death and made statements of suicidal ideation, self harm or suicide attempts. The high-risk group is mainly characterized by spread uneasiness, poor capacity of coping and poor familiarity with their body. From a psychopathological point of view they show more mental problems, in particular on the internalizing end, with a prevalence of depressive disorders or social withdrawal. Conclusions: Surveys through a self report instrument identify a high percentage of at-risk-students with a far higher order of magnitude than the one identified by official statistics. The ratio of recorded suicide attempts to repetitive and severe attempts stated by the adolescents is 1:100 (1.4% of the sample). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work begins with the case of a patient who comes into therapy following an attempted suicide. Severe depression is established after the separation from her husband and the beginning of a judicial war that makes the patient feel in danger of losing the custody of her daughters and maintenance. The hypothesis is that early traumas in the patient's relationship with the maternal figure have hindered the formation of a firm self, favouring a hunger for fusion with an omnipotent and sadistic object-Self that gradually empty the core of the Self of vitality. Porges' polyvagal theory makes it possible to explain the patient's passivity and her standing on positions of defence unsuitable to face the contingent situation and to lay the foundations for greater well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the problem of the inability to separate starting from a case of love stalking, culminating in a suicide attempt. Underlying the patient's behavior are highlighted certain elements that, to varying degrees, are hypothesized to play a role in all cases in which an inability to separate occurs: an inability to grieve, linked to previous unprocessed losses, including transgenerational ones; a great fragility of the self, which acquires strength only by merging with an idealized object, linked to developmental history; a narcissistic type of relationship in which the partner ensures the cohesion of the self and in particular the disorganization of attachment. In this condition, separation can become impossible because, according to the internal model of the "dramatic triangle", which characterizes disorganized attachment, as soon as the subject tries to separate from the object that causes him to suffer (which has become persecutory), she/he takes on the role of "savior" that the subject cannot give up because of his fragility or the role of poor "victim", who cannot be abandoned, but immediately afterwards everything starts over again endlessly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the World Health Organization, up to 800.000 individuals commit suicide every year, especially among people aged 15-29 years. Thus, suicide represents a relevant problem that raises clinical, social, and philosophical issues. Among the various professional categories, police officers seem to be particularly at risk of suicide because of the frequent exposure to potentially traumatic events, exhausting shift work, as well as the organizational culture, which stigmatizes mental sufferance and does not promote talking about one's vulnerability. In this systematic narrative review we analyzed findings of 24 studies published between 2003 and 2018. The main narrative themes were police suicide rates, stressors and their intra-psychic, behavioral, and relational consequences, as well as prevention and intervention programs. Of these 24 studies, only one focused on suicide in penitentiary police officers. For this reason, we deem it important to encourage research on this topic, which represents an important new avenue of investigation for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the number and the trends of attempted suicide observed in the Cremona Emergency Room of General Hospital over three years (2008-2010) and to compare the data with the evidences of international literature. Method: We recorded the psychiatric consultations number for attempted suicide in the ER from 1/1/2008 to 31/12/2010. The obtained information in the patients include socio-demographic data (age and sex), season, day, hour and means used for attempted suicide. Data were statistically processed by the software SPSS 12.0 for Windows. Results: Along three years we examined 166 patients (12/10000 inhabitants). In the sample we found a women's prevalence of 57,8%. We observed a decrease average age (2008: 46 years, 2010: 32 years). Attempted suicides occurred most frequently during the morning, as far as daytime, and in spring, as far as season. The most widely used means of attempted suicides was poisoning with drugs. Conclusions: Our study confirms some data of literature, in order to seasonality and means of attempted suicides. There are differences in order to age, gender and time (hour) of attempted suicides. The literature data are often conflicting because there are many differences and gaps in the detection and coding of the involving variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines risk of suicidal and self-harm behaviours among new inmates at Ferrara Prison. Having reviewed studies carried out in different countries regarding the distinguished characteristics of suicide and self-harm prone personalities, we encountered 179 subjects conforming to the profiles. However, further and closer examination revealed that only one such inmate actually ever attempted suicide and one other engaged in self-harming behaviour. It therefore emerges that the number of individuals prone to risk behaviour does not necessarily match the number of those who eventually succumb to their tendencies. In the light of such findings, we expose the complexity of the Psychologist's intervention in such field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collecting statistical-epidemiological data about suicide trends in the military is part of the preventative actions to contain risk factors and enhance the factors that protect the organisation. With this in mind, the form to report suicide data has been updated based on the current scientific knowledge and the statistical data related to the general population. The update aims to identify the factors that can "predict" suicides with a view to preventing them, for they would not be detected otherwise. Through the proper collection of suicide-related data via the Defence Epidemiology Observatory, the military leadership can monitor the phenomenon from the statistical-qualitative and analytical-epidemiological points of view. The military population can therefore be compared to the general (civil) population, and the variation of suicide-related variables within the military can also be analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The story begins with the mysterious diffusion of a motif by the Italian singer Cesare Cremonini. The young woman who listens to him is a graduate in Philosophy, who unexpectedly discovers in the lyrics of the song the keywords to reread Vanini: travel and courage. Retracing the stages of the Vaninian itinerary, she has discovered that Cesare Cremonini is also the name of a contemporary philosopher who lived at the time of Vanini. Ultimately, his wandering in the main centers of Europe represented the search for himself, for Nature, for Truth up to the extreme step of the mortal challenge to the political authority, a sort of "philosophical suicide". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Turin branch of the APF, since its inception, has been characterized by and has over time consolidated an experience of integration between educational and clinical activities of those territorial services. This has manifested as a contribution to the development of clinical practices and activities of some Public Services within both the adult and developmental age areas. The presence of APF instructors, former students, and interns, in these contexts for many years, has contributed to the spread of the systemic relational model and the formation of a professional network that refers clinical cases to APF for therapeutic intervention. This article will focus on the description of "bridge" interventions between the clinical center and the Public Services, addressing the adolescent emergency that has intensified with the pandemic, exacerbating pre-existing suffering. Some of the experiences developed both within the services and in the clinical area as an attempt to respond to the profound and complex distress expressed by the young people and their families will be exemplified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being arrested constitutes a break in the stream of existence. Among foreigners, incarceration is a potential traumatic event often characterized by language difficulties that make the diagnosis complicated and misleading. However, an early and correct diagnosis process is at the core of prevention and reduction of suicides and self-harming acts. The clinical interview and specific rating scales are inefficient to achieve the diagnosis in foreign subjects because of poor education levels, linguistic barriers and cultural differences. The aim of this research is to show the efficacy of the Lüscher Color Test to evaluate the risk factors for suicide. The analysis, supported by the software SPSS, revealed how the use of the Color test could predict the risk for suicide in inmates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychotherapists, from the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic and still today, are grappling not only with an omnipresent death and pending mourning, but also with the ethical questions posed to individuals, families, and society, like those of justice, freedom, social fracture, solidarity between generations. They must treat, on an existential level, the people most affected by the pandemic, the impact of which has been multifaceted, serious and has made people lose faith in the future, especially among the youngest, a loss that has had as a corollary the increase in suicidal behavior. In the last year, therapists have also had to deal with the refusal of vaccination and the exacerbation of positions that amplify the sense of mistrust and injustice. It is up to the therapists to testify publicly - and not just privately pity - the sufferings and needs of their patients, to contribute to the development of a social dimension that supports survival, but also the desire to live a life that finds sufficient meaning, worthy and fair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on effectiveness shows a widely accepted, significant and large effect of psychotherapy. Few published process studies exist for adolescents, due to complexity of the subject, and the absence of instruments sensitive enough to empirically capture its nuances. Minotauro have developed a therapeutic model for adolescents, integrating psychoanalysis and developmental psychopathology. Specific interventions for antisocial behaviors, suicidal attempts, eating disorders, learning problems, interpersonal withdrawal, internet addiction have been deepened. We used Adolescent Psychotherapy Q-Set, previously used to capture prototypical aspects of different treatments (psychoanalysis, psychodynamic psychotherapy, CBT, MBT) to describe this model. Using the APQ, 30 psychotherapists (M = 14 years of experience) from Minotauro were asked to rate their 'actual' practice with adolescents. To study typical features of developmental psychotherapy we used descriptive statistics. To explore similarities between developmental psychotherapy and other approaches we used Spearman correlations. To investigate different therapist responses we used Q-Factor analysis. Results showed that APQ is a meaningful tool for describing the adolescent psychotherapy process and for identifyng similarities between different therapeutic approaches. Limits and perspectives of the present study regarding instruments' improvement (i.e. addictional items for APQ) and the need to link this methology to "real" clinical practice are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Il saggio focalizza la sua attenzione sul tema dell'adulterio femminile, considerato argomento tabù dalla censura e dalla propaganda fascista, e sulle ripercussioni che esso provoca sui figli. Piccola mia di Eugenio De Liguoro e Il canale degli angeli di FrancescoPasinetti, pellicole uscite a metà anni Trenta, bypassano la tematica incandescente del tradimento extraconiugale con il ravvedimento finale delle protagoniste che tornano al loro ruolo di matres familiae. In particolare il film di Pasinetti anticipa di quasi dieci anni la storia raccontata da I bambini ci guardano di Vittorio De Sica: Bruno, il bimbo protagonista, vive con partecipazione sofferta la nascita di un affetto tra la propria madre e un marinaio. La possibile perdita della figura materna viene somatizzata dal bambino in gesti e azioni fatte di silenzi, di avvicinamenti al padre, di furtivi sguardi verso i due amanti. Il tutto poi si scioglie nel finale quando il marinaio decide di partire e la madre di rimanere con il figlio e il marito. Ne I bambini ci guardano, Pricò non è più in grado di salvare il matrimonio dei genitori perché la famiglia non è più una cellula salda e integra, come il regista dimostra superando ipocrisie ideologiche e radiografando pulsioni sociali ed esistenziali nuove. Lo sguardo del bimbo è lo stesso di Bruno, ma con una messa a fuoco più nitida di quanto accade attorno a lui. A nulla valgono i suoi tentativi di nascondere al padre i continui tradimenti della madre, che alla fine rinuncia al figlio in nome della felicità personale. E nulla può il bimbo per richiamare il padre ai suoi doveri di pater familias. In seguito al trauma dell'abbandono della madre e del suicidio del padre Pricò diventa adulto e sceglie di rimanere in collegio, pur avendo di fronte a sé una madre disponibile a prendersi ancora cura di lui. Il suo dolore è troppo forte per perdonare la donna che lo ha tradito nei suoi affetti più profondi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'articolo ripercorre brevemente l'evoluzione che ha portato il mondo occidentale a subire, a suo tempo, la volontà del dittatore come legge suprema, al di sopra dei diritti umani. A questo nichilismo totalitario si reagì, nel dopoguerra, con il ritorno al diritto naturale e con la rivalutazione dell'istanza etica in modo talvolta eccessivo, come si vede nelle costituzioni dei paesi democratici. Oggi però è subentrato una nuova forma di nichilismo, che ha le sue radici teoriche in varie scuole di pensiero radicale, in cui predomina l'assoluta libertà dell'io, a scapito di ogni valore etico oggettivo. Ciò si vede in particolare negli ambiti della procreazione e della famiglia, nonché nei casi dell'eutanasia e del suicidio assistito. In conclusione, si afferma la necessità di recuperare i valori etici di dignità e solidarietà umana, i soli che possono efficacemente opporsi al nichilismo etico-giuridico che oggi caratterizza la legislazione di alcuni paesi occidentali. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shame is a complex, socially driven, negative emotion, being characterized by specific thoughts and behaviors, and characterized by a precise emotional halo. This emotion regulates the sharing of social norms and its main goal is to protect individual's good-image and self-esteem. Shame has an adaptive function, as it guarantees affiliation to the group, maintaining its' hierarchical organization, and thus allowing survival. Intense and frequent feelings of shame play a significant role in the onset and maintenance of psychological manifestations, such as eating disorders, borderline personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and, last but not least, social phobia. Although the role this emotion in regulating social relations is widely recognized, little is known about its specific role in different emotional disorders. The aim of this manuscript was to review previous findings investigating the role of shame in the onset and maintenance of specific psychological disorders, highlighting the role of early maladaptive experience and negative beliefs in the development of pathological shame feelings. In the last section of this article we reviewed the most recent clinical models that have focused on specific shame related psychotherapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the description of six clinical cases the theme of therapeutic relationship with depressed patients will be discussed. Too often depressed patient are labeled as such, regardless to their complex personal and existential condition. This paper will tentatively describe obstacles and possible relational implications in the treatment of "depressed patients", that will be categorized into 4 groups: unipolar and bipolar depression; depression due to other Axis I disorder; depression in comorbidity with personality disorders; depression that occurs along with particular life events or condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]