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The «Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD)» were developed in parallel with the Swiss National Dementia Strategy 2014-2019 under the auspices of the Swiss Society for Geriatric Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (SGAP) and mark the beginning of a series of recommendations for geriatric psychiatric disorders. They depict the evidence-based state of knowledge about diagnostics and therapy, based on the clinical experience of the experts, and are designed for interprofessional and interdisciplinary use. The non-pharmacological intervention options and pharmacotherapy are discussed in detail. This paper is the revised version of the 2014 publication and compiles the development in this area for everyday clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute and chronic infections are a serious complication after implantation of a joint prosthesis and are difficult to diagnose due to the biofilm mode of the microorganism. Microbiological cultures can remain negative, so that additional tests such as a puncture of the synovial fluid with determining the leukocytes, or histopathological examination of the periprosthetic tissue are important. It is recommended to take multiple tissue samples intraoperatively from areas with presumably high bacterial density (interphase membranes or capsule). Newer biomarkers such as alpha-defensin or a multiplex PCR have been developed in recent years, but they are not yet part of the standard diagnostics. The following paper summarizes the strength and limits of the various diagnostic options in suspected PJL [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper summarises the changes of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, (ICSD-3, published in 2014) in comparison to its predecessor, ICSD-2 (2005). Changes within sleep-related breathing disorders are described in the article by Stuck and Weeß in this issue. Polysomnographic recordings and sleep scoring in the diagnostic process should always use the most recent version of the AASM manual. Insomnias are newly classified as either chronic or short term. Chronic insomnia includes all former insomnia forms with the exception of adjustment insomnia (acute insomnia). The minimal duration is now defined as 3 months. Non-restorative sleep no longer constitutes an insomnia-specific symptom. The term 'hypersomnias of central nervous origin' has been replaced by 'disorders of hypersomnolence'. Hypersomnolence is understood as excessive daytime sleepiness. The new classification of narcolepsy differs between narcolepsy type 1 (with cataplexy or with hypocretin-1 deficiency) and narcolepsy type 2 (without cataplexy). The circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders have barely changed. The group of parasomnias now includes 'sleep-related eating disorders'. The former diagnosis 'sleep drunkenness' in the category confusional arousal was replaced by 'confused awakening'. The criteria for the diagnosis of 'nightmares' have been operationalized for the first time. The diagnosis 'periodic limb movement disorder' should no longer be used when either RLS, narcolepsy, REM sleep behavior disorder or untreated sleep apnea syndrome coexists. Isolated symptoms and normal variants are now directly associated with each diagnostic category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]