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The present paper describes international cooperation in the field of education under the auspices of the Comintern. Examples include the Comintern universities and the international children's homes. These examples serve to illustrate that socialist educational cooperation existed long before there was a bloc of socialist states, and that education played a central role in the establishment of a socialist educational space. This space is not dependent on the existence of socialist states, but is established through international cooperation among communist parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to other Central European education systems, Germany has a markedly unequal distribution of educational opportunities. This creates a market for supplementary offers from the non-formal sector, which are more or less closely linked to formal schools within a framework of cooperation in order to support disadvantaged groups. This paper analyses the interface between the formal and nonformal education sector based on interviews with organizers and teachers. In doing so, it contributes to the understanding of the role of non-formal actors in the formal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]